CN105981684B - A kind of production breeding method of the preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country - Google Patents
A kind of production breeding method of the preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of production breeding methods of preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country, the stages such as the method includes breed breeding, the hatching of ovum, young soft-shelled turtles to cultivate, finished product production, the production breeding method all uses open field to grow, the breed breeding is in the following way: (a) in the basin of the national Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis suitable growth such as the Changjiang river, the Yellow River, Poyang Lake, local outstanding Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis kind is selected, it is carried out to independent breeding respectively and hybridization is cultivated；(b) using the color of soft-shelled turtle is good, vigor is high, growth is moderate, 8 years or more disease-free hurt the conditions such as shape is complete and selects the close soft-shelled turtle cultivated from (a) as the preferably long soft-shelled turtle parent in open country.The soft-shelled turtle that this method is cultivated has unique delicious mouthfeel and quality, and meat, mouthfeel and tonic effect are more excellent, is continuity and raising to wild soft-shelled turtle excellent variety, but also have the edible safety improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to commodity soft-shelled turtle cultivating method fields, more particularly to the production breeding method of the preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country.
Background technique
Soft-shelled turtle is commonly called as soft-shelled turtle, water fish, the soft-shelled turtle and cuckold etc., oviparity reptile, amphibious life.Soft-shelled turtle meat delicious, battalion
It supports and enriches, have clearing heat and nourishing yin, calming the liver to stop the wind, the effect of resolving hard lump.The delicious food being not only on dining table, and be a kind of use
Way very wide tonic and chinese medicine material.China is existing mainly Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis, Palea steindachneri, spot soft-shelled turtle, soft-shelled turtle, wherein most with Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis
It is common.
Soft-shelled turtle is the Omnivore based on animal food, and fish, shrimp, tadpole, spiral shell, freshwater mussel, shellfish, elder brother are fond of in wild environment
Worm etc..When animal food lacks, can also it regard rhizome of green grass, melon and grain and plant etc. as food.Soft-shelled turtle natural disposition
Voracity can cannibalism when inanition.Soft-shelled turtle was not only voracious but also resistance to hungry, can not eat within 1 year even for a long time after primary feed
Thing, will not be dead.Certainly, this is to lean on the nutrition of own savings movable to sustain life, certain in artificial breeding
Its sufficient food is supplied, to accelerate its growth.Since soft-shelled turtle is oviparous animal, ovum is hatched under no parent protective condition,
Incubation period is long.Although therefore the reproductive capacity of soft-shelled turtle is strong, in natural surroundings, due to being invaded by a variety of enemies, germ and not
The influence of good weather, hatching rate, survival rate are lower.Using artificial propagation, it is greatly improved hatching rate, shortens the incubation period, is
Artificial soft-shelled turtle provides sufficient seedling.
But when artificial breeding, in order to pursue economic benefit, most enterprises are fed using complete feed, and it is led
Will for greenhouse cultivation and segmentation cultivation, artificially shorten soft-shelled turtle growth cycle, the soft-shelled turtle cultivated in this way because the period is short, activity is small,
Meat is soft, and fat is more, and skirt is thin narrow, poor taste, and since Water space is small, growing environment is poor, and peculiar smell is very heavy, not by market
It welcomes.Therefore, many new ecological cultivation methods come into being, but it is impure since there are soft-shelled turtle kinds, breeding environment is bad etc. lacks
It falls into, is still difficult to reach the mouthfeel and quality of real wild soft-shelled turtle.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome deficiency in the prior art, a kind of production cultivation side of preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country is provided
Method.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of production breeding method of the preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country, cultivated the method includes breed breeding, the hatching of ovum, young soft-shelled turtle and
The stages such as finished product production, which is characterized in that the production breeding method all uses open field to grow, and the breed breeding is adopted
With such as under type:
(a) in the basin of the national Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis suitable growth such as the Changjiang river, the Yellow River, Poyang Lake, local outstanding Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is selected
It, is carried out independent breeding by kind respectively and hybridization is cultivated；
(b) with the color of soft-shelled turtle is good, vigor is high, growth is moderate, 8 years or more disease-free hurt the conditions such as shape is complete and selects from (a)
The close soft-shelled turtle of middle cultivation is as preferred wild long soft-shelled turtle parent.
According to the present invention, the breeding method is cultivated in young soft-shelled turtle and the finished product production phase uses identical or different cultivation side
Formula, preferably different types of rearing.Wherein, (1) young soft-shelled turtle breeding phase uses deep-sea white fish meal and starch etc. to obtain for foodstuff cultivation
Two age children soft-shelled turtles, use cultivate four age children soft-shelled turtles of acquisition in a manner of the living body aquatic animal voluntarily preyed on based on the shrimp that lives later.It is preferred that
Ground, the living body aquatic animal are shrimp, crucian, silver carp, bighead and the grass carps etc. cultivated in the movable water body of soft-shelled turtle.It is more preferably every
Or so May in year starts to cultivate the living body aquatic animal.(2) the finished product production phase uses voluntarily prey on based on the shrimp that lives completely
Living body aquatic animal mode cultivate, and according to soft-shelled turtle age, size, catch and deposit pool situation, preferably finished product cultivates density in 50-
300/mu ranges.
According to the present invention, described cultivate carries out in micro- salty and alkalescent water.Wherein, pass through external source river water and exchange in time
Water controls salinity control between 7.4-8.7 in 2-4 ‰, pH.In addition to this, also whole to carry out water quality monitoring, indices
Reach national non-nuisance water standard.
According to the present invention, described all to refer to the overall process of cultivation in open field situation using open field growth
Under.Specifically, young soft-shelled turtle is cultivated in the children's soft-shelled turtle culture pond of field, the survival of the fittest is carried out in a natural environment；After two age children soft-shelled turtles
It is cultivated in the big water surface water body of long soft-shelled turtle out of office, further progress is eliminated under natural environmental condition.
According to the present invention, the cultivation water surface selects the big water surface to cultivate.Specifically, single water body is at 100 mu or so, water
Deeply in 1-2 meters of ranges.
According to the present invention, natural selection is used in the production breeding method.Specifically, in the overall process of cultivation not
Any hormone is artificially added, does not use antibiotic etc, using wild growth, natural environment obsolescence principle will be underproof
Soft-shelled turtle is eliminated.
According to the present invention, after two age children soft-shelled turtles, children's soft-shelled turtle male and female is separated, put the big water surface water body of culture foodstuff in a suitable place to breed
In, based on voluntarily predation shrimp living.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, breeding is obtained by the selection cross to domestic important waters Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis kind, substantially increases the quality of soft-shelled turtle,
And general parent kind can breed for 5 years, and close kind of long soft-shelled turtle requirement breeding 8 years of preferred open country of the invention or more, nutrition height, mouthfeel
Good, vitality is strong, premunition is high, and hatching rate is high, seedling matter is healthy and strong.
2, the growth of micro- salty and alkalescent water, makes the free delicate flavour such as its internal glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, glycine
Amino acid content is higher；And alkalescent water not only reduces the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, can also improve its metabolism, it is beneficial
It is improved in quality, this creates its unique delicious mouthfeel and quality.
3, it establishes on the basis of fine-variety breeding and the big water surface, voluntarily preys on washing in a pan naturally for living body aquatic animal (based on shrimp living)
The method of eliminating maintains wild long soft-shelled turtle hunger intensity, allows its activity to increase, has tempered the wild nature of soft-shelled turtle, and constitution is improved, so that at
Product soft-shelled turtles is violent quick, and bright in color, the generous toughness in skirt is good, lean, meat is hard.Meanwhile the speed of growth is effectively delayed,
So that the preferably wild long soft-shelled turtle time limit is longer, and it is to wild that meat, mouthfeel and tonic effect are more excellent relatively with the common soft-shelled turtle of weight
The continuity and raising of soft-shelled turtle excellent variety.
4, relative to common soft-shelled turtle, the growth course of preferably wild long soft-shelled turtle not only continues the plurality of advantages for maintaining original kind, also
The wild nature and quality of wild soft-shelled turtle are maintained, and the guarantee of overall process water quality also avoids agricultural pollution, heavy metal pollution and posts
The influence of infested equal microorganisms, it is ensured that edible safety.
Specific embodiment
In the present invention, the wild soft-shelled turtle refers to be grown in external source river water, is run its course, without any human factor item
The soft-shelled turtle to grow up under part.
The Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is commonly called as soft-shelled turtle, is a generic name in biology, and Baidu can look into.
The young soft-shelled turtle refers to soft-shelled turtle egg through 31-33 DEG C of Constant temperature hatch about 50 days or so, and what is pipped weighs about 3.5-5.0g/ only
Small soft-shelled turtle.
The children soft-shelled turtle, which refers to, to be taken pains to foster, all five ages hereinafter, general weight less than 500g, do not reach completeness at
Ripe soft-shelled turtle.
The independent breeding refers to is bred between same breed.
The hybridization cultivation refers to is bred between different cultivars.
As described above, the invention discloses a kind of production breeding method of preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country, incubated including breed breeding, ovum
Change, young soft-shelled turtle is cultivated and stages, the production breeding methods such as finished product production all use open field to grow, the breed breeding
In the following way:
(a) in the basin of the national Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis suitable growth such as the Changjiang river, the Yellow River, Poyang Lake, local outstanding Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis is selected
It, is carried out independent breeding by kind respectively and hybridization is cultivated；
(b) with the color of soft-shelled turtle is good, vigor is high, growth is moderate, 8 years or more disease-free hurt the conditions such as shape is complete and selects from (a)
The close soft-shelled turtle of middle cultivation is as preferred wild long soft-shelled turtle parent.
In the present invention, why select 8 years or more, is its longer integrated quality of soft-shelled turtle growth time because under normal circumstances
It is better, including nutritional ingredient, mouthfeel, premunition, hatching rate etc., it is contemplated that many factors such as cost, egg production, hatching rate, choosing
The soft-shelled turtle for selecting 8 years or more is good as parent's effect.
In addition, the present invention is in breed breeding, strong with vitality, premunition is strong, and skirt is generous, and constitution is excellent to be used as first
Selection criteria, and the speed of growth is then secondary principle.Prior art is generally fastly with the speed of growth to the breeding of commodity soft-shelled turtle breeding
First choice standard, and in method of the invention, not as first choice, specifically, with the parent of preferred wild long soft-shelled turtle
Kind selection for, be it is strong with vitality on the basis of natural selection, premunition is strong, constitution it is excellent be used as first choice standard,
The speed of growth is secondary principle.In addition, it especially select 8 years or more preferred wild soft-shelled turtles as parent, generous with skirt,
Nutrition is high, in good taste, and vitality is strong, premunition is high, many advantages such as hatching rate height, seedling matter stalwartness.
The present invention lays eggs in the incubation period of ovum for what annual late May parent soft-shelled turtle started, selects weight in 3.5-
Between 5.5, it is complete, transparent, bright, can obviously distinguish egg of the soft-shelled turtle egg of animal pole and plant pole as hatching, the hatching
Material uses clean sand.Preferably, the hatching carries out in incubator, the preferred specification of incubator are as follows: and 60cm ×
60cm×18cm.In the present invention, through 31-33 DEG C of Constant temperature hatch about 50 days, small soft-shelled turtle pipped the selected soft-shelled turtle egg, is weighed
The young soft-shelled turtle of about 3.5-5.0g/ only.
In young soft-shelled turtle breeding phase of the invention.Children's soft-shelled turtle breeding phase comprises the following processes: (1) by above-mentioned young essence of turtle
The heart is put into field children's soft-shelled turtle culture pond after selecting；It is cultivated using deep-sea white fish meal and starch etc. as foodstuff；It is preferred that open field shape
It is cultivated under state.Preferably, the area of the field children soft-shelled turtle culture pond is within 1000 square meters, the depth of water preferably 0.4m-1.0m it
Between.More preferably every square meter launches young soft-shelled turtle 30.(2) by the cultivation of nearly 2 years (preferably 22 months or so), during which pass through twice,
The hibernation period that about some months, (preferably 6-7 months) were not fed every time, obtain soft-shelled turtle can reach the two ages children of about 160-200g/ only again
Soft-shelled turtle；(3) the two ages children soft-shelled turtle male and female are separated, launches to the wild long big water surface water body of soft-shelled turtle and (is preferably put into big water surface water in annual May
Body), it uses and cultivates in a manner of living body aquatic animal based on the shrimp that lives from voluntarily preying on.The described big water surface coverage of water is preferably
100-120 mus；The depth of water is preferably between 1.0-2.0m.The living body aquatic animal be the shrimp cultivated in the movable water body of soft-shelled turtle,
Crucian, silver carp, bighead and grass carp etc..It is preferred that launching for two ages children soft-shelled turtle 300-500 per acre only.(4) pass through (preferably 22 months nearly 2 years
Left and right) put cultivations in a suitable place to breed, during which undergo again twice, the hibernation period that do not feed some months (preferably 6-7 month) about every time, acquisition soft-shelled turtle
It can reach the four age children soft-shelled turtles of about 400-500g/ only again.
Preferably, the principle of selecting of the young soft-shelled turtle is that vigor is good, not damaged.Most preferably, in entire young soft-shelled turtle breeding phase,
It does not feed, launch any disease resistance drug.
It is divided into young soft-shelled turtle to cultivate and finished product two stages of production.Wherein, (1) young soft-shelled turtle breeding phase, using deep-sea white fish meal and
Starch etc. is that foodstuff is cultivated and obtains two age children soft-shelled turtles, uses cultivate in a manner of the living body aquatic animal voluntarily preyed on based on the shrimp that lives later
Obtain four age children soft-shelled turtles；Preferably, the living body aquatic animal is shrimp, crucian, silver carp, the bighead cultivated in the movable water body of soft-shelled turtle
With grass carp etc..Such advantage is: silver carp, bighead live in upper layer, prey on plankton；Grass carp lives in middle level, ingests
Various water plants；Crucian lives in bottom, main feeding plant foodstuff；Shrimp lives in middle lower layer, provides food for soft-shelled turtle；It swims dynamic
Object is ingested phytoplankton again, is provided after food fish, shrimp, the excreta of soft-shelled turtle and defecation object are decomposed by the microorganisms and for phytoplankton
Nutrition；Water body is not only taken full advantage of, added value is improved, more importantly constructing the ecosystem of a balance, gives soft-shelled turtle
It provides closer to the natural environment of ecosystem and using the shrimp that lives as the foodstuff source of soft-shelled turtle.(2) the finished product production phase, completely using certainly
Cultivated in a manner of living body aquatic animal of the row predation based on the shrimp that lives, and according to soft-shelled turtle age, size, catch and deposit pool situation, preferably at
Product cultivate density in 50-300/mu range.
The cultivation of existing goods soft-shelled turtle mainly feeds trionyx sinensis feed and the fresh bait of non-being, and a small amount of being predation.And this
In invention, using type of rearing stage by stage, such mode is not given only its nutrition comprehensively fresh and alive foodstuff, and increases
It is preferred that wild long soft-shelled turtle hunger intensity and activity, have tempered the wild nature of soft-shelled turtle, constitution is improved, lean, meat is hard, color light
Bright, the generous toughness in skirt is good.
The cultivation of existing goods soft-shelled turtle substantially based on easily controllable small face cultivation, the single pond water surface generally 10 mu with
It is interior.And the present invention is then cultivated using the big water surface, single water body is at 100 mu or so.Such mode ensure that preferred wild long soft-shelled turtle
One more stable whole ecological environment, it is important that the big water surface increases the activity space of soft-shelled turtle, shrimp and other aquatic animals, increases
The space and activity, constitution for having added living body aquatic animal of the soft-shelled turtle predation based on the shrimp that lives are improved, and are very useful to
Quality improves.
Cultivating process after two age children soft-shelled turtles of the invention, the foodstuff voluntarily preyed on eat breeding phase training by living body soft-shelled turtle
It educates.Preferably, the living body soft-shelled turtle food breeding phase comprises the following processes: shrimp is carried out in 100-120 mus of big water surface water body
Cultivation, while the living bodies aquatic animal such as simultaneous feeding crucian, silver carp, bighead and grass carp.In the present invention, preferably in soft-shelled turtle (such as young soft-shelled turtle or children
Soft-shelled turtle) it spends after hibernation period and carries out the cultivation of soft-shelled turtle food in (preferably annual May).It is highly preferred that the shrimp food was cultivated after annual May
It is cultivated.The fry is cultivated after annual mid or late March.It is highly preferred that the shrimp food is selected from Penaeus Vannmei,
It is preferred that two generation seedlings, density is ten thousand tail of 5-6/per acre, and size is between 0.8-1.0cm.The fish food includes: the bighead of 300g or so
12 tails/per acre, 8 tail of silver carp of 200g or so/per acre, 200 tail of crucian summer flower/per acre, 3 tail of grass carp of 300g or so/per acre.
It in the finished product production phase of the invention, comprises the following processes: four age children soft-shelled turtle point genders is put in a suitable place to breed culture foodstuff
In big water surface water body, which is 100-120 mus.It is preferred that breeding density be 50-300 only/per acre.The culture foodstuff choosing
It is cultivated from above by living body soft-shelled turtle food breeding phase.Most preferably, the finished product production overall process does not feed external source bait, by certainly
Row is preyed on based on shrimp living.By preferably at least 1 year growth period, i.e., at least through listing after 1 hibernation period, whole process was not
It is subject to drug control.
General merchandise soft-shelled turtle cultivates based on freshwater aquiculture, and the preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country of the invention is supported using micro- salty and alkalescent water
It grows.Wherein, salinity control makes the free delicate flavour ammonia such as its internal glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, glycine in 2-4 ‰ or so
Base acid content is higher；And alkalescent water (pH control between 7.4-8.7) not only reduces the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, it can be with
Improve its metabolism, is beneficial to quality raising, this creates its unique delicious mouthfeel and quality.It is right in method of the invention
Water quality requirement is higher, reaches national health cultivation standard, substantially increases edible safety.
Preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the water quality is completely without industrial pollution, and transparency is in 25cm or so, dissolved oxygen 5mg/
L, ammonia nitrogen≤0.02mg/L, nitrite≤0.1mg/L.
The cultivation of general merchandise soft-shelled turtle can carry out drug control when disease occurs, or only carry out natural selection in Seedling Stage
Selection, and the cultivation of the preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country of the invention, whole process does not impose any disease resistance drug, while reducing artificially to natural shape
The control of state allows it to grow under conditions of close to field, the sick and weak individual of natural selection, from seedling to not disconnecting during finished product soft-shelled turtle
Sick and weak individual is eliminated by natural environment, the soft-shelled turtle disease resistance survived by natural selection in continuous 5 years or more is high, constitution is good for
It is strong；And any hormone is not artificially added, is remained without antibiotic etc, it is safe and harmless, green and healthy.
There are two types of existing general goods soft-shelled turtle cultivation is general: first is that the heating control of greenhouse cultivation, i.e. overall process, forms 1 year quotient
Product soft-shelled turtle (10 months)；Another kind is segmentation cultivation, i.e., carries out greenhouse heating control in the seedling culture stage, when shortening growth of seedling
Between, outdoor pond culture close to after finished product, is put into, 2 years commodity soft-shelled turtles (15-18 months) are formed.And preferred wild length of the invention
It is whole open field growing technology used by soft-shelled turtle, the cultivating process after hatching is controlled without any temperature, got over naturally
Winter, cultivation 5 years or more commodity soft-shelled turtles.Such mode delays its speed of growth effectively, and constitution is unsound sick and weak
Soft-shelled turtle meeting overwintering is eliminated；It can also make that meat taste is more preferable, nutritive value improves by field is overwintering.
As previously mentioned, method of the invention is established on the basis of fine-variety breeding and the big water surface, it is aquatic dynamic voluntarily to prey on living body
The natural selection method of object (based on shrimp living) maintains preferred wild long soft-shelled turtle hunger intensity, allows its activity to increase, has tempered the open country of soft-shelled turtle
Property, constitution improved, so that finished product soft-shelled turtle is violent quick, bright in color, the generous toughness in skirt is good, lean, meat is hard.Together
When, the speed of growth is effectively delayed, so that the preferably wild long soft-shelled turtle time limit is longer, meat, mouthfeel and food relatively with the common soft-shelled turtle of weight
It is more excellent to mend effect, is continuity and raising to wild soft-shelled turtle excellent variety.
The present invention is further elaborated combined with specific embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.Institute
State method is conventional method unless otherwise instructed.The raw material can obtain unless otherwise instructed from public commercial source.
Embodiment 1
1, breed breeding:
(a) in the basin of the national Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis suitable growth such as the Changjiang river, the Yellow River, Poyang Lake, the local outstanding Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis of selection
It is carried out independent breeding by kind respectively；
(b) with the color of soft-shelled turtle is good, vigor is high, growth is moderate, 8 years or more disease-free hurt the conditions such as shape is complete and selects from (a)
The close soft-shelled turtle of middle cultivation is as preferred wild long soft-shelled turtle parent；Specifically, selection vitality is strong, premunition is strong, and skirt is generous, body
Of fine quality different, the speed of growth moderate 8 years or more disease-free hurts the complete soft-shelled turtle of shape as close soft-shelled turtle.
2, the hatching of ovum: annual late May parent soft-shelled turtle starts to lay eggs, for hatching egg size amount will in 3.5-5.5g or so,
Completely, transparent, bright, can significantly distinguish one from the other animal pole and plant pole.Incubator specification are as follows: 60cm × 60cm × 18cm,
Hatch material and uses clean sand.Selected soft-shelled turtle egg was through 31-33 DEG C of Constant temperature hatch about 50 days, and small soft-shelled turtle pips, broken shell
Young soft-shelled turtle weighs about 3.5-5.0g/ only.
3, young soft-shelled turtle is cultivated: field children's soft-shelled turtle culture pond is put into after young soft-shelled turtle well-chosen.The area of field children's soft-shelled turtle culture pond is 900
Square meter, the depth of water are every square meter dispensing young soft-shelled turtle 30, out of office with the foodstuff based on deep-sea white fish meal and starch between 0.4m-1.0m
It is cultivated under outer outdoor state.Stop when to October for food, into nearly 7 months first hibernation periods, second year restored when May
For food, stop for food November, into 6 months or so second hibernation period, May in third year, soft-shelled turtle can reach about 160- again
Only, referred to as two age children soft-shelled turtles, whole process do not feed, launch disease resistance drug 200g/.Two age children soft-shelled turtle male and female are separated, dispensing is arrived
The wild long big water surface water body of soft-shelled turtle, the big water surface coverage of water are 100 mu, and the depth of water launches two age children soft-shelled turtles between 1.0-2.0m per acre
300-400 only, is used and is cultivated in a manner of the living body aquatic animal voluntarily preyed on based on the shrimp that lives, living body aquatic animal is the work in soft-shelled turtle
Shrimp, crucian, silver carp, bighead and the grass carp etc. cultivated in dynamic water body.It puts in a suitable place to breed nearly 2 years, during which undergoes weight after two hibernation periods can again
Only of about 400-500g/, young soft-shelled turtle at this time can be described as four age children soft-shelled turtles.Whole process does not feed, launches disease resistance drug.
4, living body soft-shelled turtle food is cultivated: carrying out the cultivation of shrimp, while and feeding crucian, silver carp, flathead annual May in 100 mu of water body
The living bodies aquatic animal such as fish and grass carp.What shrimp was mainly put in a suitable place to breed is Penaeus Vannmei, selects two generation seedlings, and density is ten thousand tail of 5-6/every
Mu, size put seedling between 0.8-1.0cm, in annual May；While 12 tail of bighead of 300g or so/per acre, 200g's or so
8 tail of silver carp/per acre, 200 tail of crucian summer flower/per acre, 3 tail of grass carp of 300g or so/per acre, fry is in annual mid or late March
Put seedling
5, finished product produces: four age children soft-shelled turtle male and female are separated, in the big water surface water body for putting culture soft-shelled turtle food in a suitable place to breed, and the coverage of water
Be 100 mu, breeding density be 50-150 only/per acre, overall process does not feed external source bait, by voluntarily preying on growth based on shrimp living
It is listed after 2 hibernation periods within 2 years, whole process is not subject to drug control.
6, harvest: annual 9, October, prawn was caught in right amount, but the surplus of shrimp will meet the work shrimp that soft-shelled turtle has abundance
Foodstuff, when soft-shelled turtle enters hibernation period, shrimp has gradually caught；Annual November carries out fishing harvest to various fishes.When soft-shelled turtle is at least raw
After 5 years long, fishing listing can be carried out to soft-shelled turtle.
7, water quality requirement: being cultivated using unique brackish water, by external source river water and is exchanged water in time and is controlled salinity
2-4‰；It is cultivated using alkalescent water, pH is between 7.4-8.7；And the water quality monitoring of overall process is carried out, indices reach
National non-nuisance water standard, e.g., water quality is completely without industrial pollution, and transparency is in 25cm or so, dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen
≤ 0.02mg/L, nitrite≤0.1mg/L.Regulating and controlling water quality is mainly by using the multiple-microorganisms system such as quick lime and EM bacterium
Agent is adjusted, safe and harmless.
8, natural selection method: the overall process of cultivation is produced in open field, using natural selection method, for soft-shelled turtle
Disability, disease do not give drug control processing, carry out burial processing immediately after discovery, which has, dies of illness soft-shelled turtle.
The long soft-shelled turtle vigor in preferred open country obtained in this way is good, and bright in color, the generous toughness in skirt is good, lean, meat is hard.Relatively
In the common soft-shelled turtle of same weight, wild long soft-shelled turtle growth year is longer, and nutrition, mouthfeel and tonic effect are more excellent.
Embodiment 2
1, breed breeding:
(a) in the basin of the national Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis suitable growth such as the Changjiang river, the Yellow River, Poyang Lake, the local outstanding Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis of selection
It is carried out hybridization cultivation by kind respectively；
(b) with the color of soft-shelled turtle is good, vigor is high, growth is moderate, 8 years or more disease-free hurt the conditions such as shape is complete and selects from (a)
The close soft-shelled turtle of middle cultivation is as preferred wild long soft-shelled turtle parent；Specifically, selection vitality is strong, premunition is strong, and skirt is generous, body
Of fine quality different, the speed of growth moderate 8 years or more disease-free hurts the complete soft-shelled turtle of shape as close soft-shelled turtle.
2, the hatching of ovum: annual late May parent soft-shelled turtle starts to lay eggs, for hatching egg size amount will between 3.5-5.5g,
Completely, transparent, bright, can significantly distinguish one from the other animal pole and plant pole.Incubator specification are as follows: 60cm × 60cm × 18cm,
Hatch material and uses clean sand.Selected soft-shelled turtle egg was through 31-33 DEG C of Constant temperature hatch about 50 days, and small soft-shelled turtle pips, broken shell
Young soft-shelled turtle weighs about 3.5-5.0g/ only.
3, young soft-shelled turtle is cultivated: selection vigor is good, undamaged young soft-shelled turtle is put into field children's soft-shelled turtle culture pond.Field children's soft-shelled turtle culture pond
800 square meter of area, the depth of water is between 0.4m-1.0m, and every square meter launches young soft-shelled turtle 25, with the food based on deep-sea white fish meal and starch
Material, is cultivated under open field state.Stop when to October for food, into nearly 7 months first hibernation periods, second year May
Part when restore for food, stop when October for food, into nearly 7 months second hibernation period, May in third year, soft-shelled turtle weight is reachable
Only to about 160-200g/, referred to as two age children soft-shelled turtles, whole process do not feed, launch disease resistance drug.By two age children soft-shelled turtle male and female point
It opens, launches to the wild long big water surface water body of soft-shelled turtle, which is 120 mu, and the depth of water is launched per acre between 1.0-2.0m
Young soft-shelled turtle 400-500 only, is used and is cultivated in a manner of the living body aquatic animal voluntarily preyed on based on the shrimp that lives, living body aquatic animal is in soft-shelled turtle
Movable water body in shrimp, crucian, silver carp, bighead and the grass carp etc. that cultivate.It puts in a suitable place to breed nearly 2 years, after during which undergoing two hibernation periods again
Weight can be of about 400-500g/ only, and young soft-shelled turtle at this time can be described as four age children soft-shelled turtles.Whole process does not feed, launches disease resistance drug.
4, living body soft-shelled turtle food is cultivated: carrying out the cultivation of shrimp, while and feeding crucian, silver carp annual May in 120 mu of big water surface water body
The living bodies aquatic animal such as fish, bighead and grass carp.What shrimp was mainly put in a suitable place to breed is Penaeus Vannmei, selects two generation seedlings, and density is 5-6 ten thousand
Tail/per acre, size puts seedling between 0.8-1.0cm, in annual May；While 12 tail of bighead of 300g or so/per acre, 200g
8 tail of silver carp of left and right/per acre, 190 tail of crucian summer flower/per acre, 3 tail of grass carp of 300g or so/per acre, fry is in annual March
The middle ten days and the last ten days puts seedling.
5, finished product cultivates: four age children soft-shelled turtle male and female are separated, in the big water surface water body for putting culture soft-shelled turtle food in a suitable place to breed, and the coverage of water
Be 120 mu, breeding density be 50-300 only/per acre, overall process does not feed external source bait, by voluntarily preying on growth based on shrimp living
It is listed after 3 hibernation periods within 3 years, whole process is not subject to drug control.
6, harvest: annual 9, October, prawn was caught in right amount, but the surplus of shrimp will meet the work shrimp that soft-shelled turtle has abundance
Foodstuff, when soft-shelled turtle enters hibernation period, shrimp has just gradually caught；Annual November carries out fishing harvest to various fishes.When soft-shelled turtle extremely
After growing 5 years less, fishing listing can be carried out to soft-shelled turtle.
7, water quality requirement: being cultivated using unique brackish water, by external source river water and is exchanged water in time and is controlled salinity
2-4‰；It is cultivated using alkalescent water, pH is between 7.4-8.7；And the water quality monitoring of overall process is carried out, indices reach
National non-nuisance water standard, e.g., water quality is completely without industrial pollution, and transparency is in 25cm or so, dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen
≤ 0.02mg/L, nitrite≤0.1mg/L.Regulating and controlling water quality is mainly by using the multiple-microorganisms system such as quick lime and EM bacterium
Agent is adjusted, safe and harmless.
8, natural selection method: the overall process of cultivation is produced in open field, using natural selection method, for soft-shelled turtle
Disability, disease do not give drug control processing, carry out burial processing immediately after discovery, which has, dies of illness soft-shelled turtle.
The long soft-shelled turtle vigor in preferred open country obtained in this way is good, and bright in color, the generous toughness in skirt is good, lean, meat is hard.Relatively
In the common soft-shelled turtle of same weight, wild long soft-shelled turtle growth year is longer, and nutrition, mouthfeel and tonic effect are more excellent.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment is used only to illustrate technical characteristic of the invention, it is not intended to limit this hair
Bright claimed range.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any improvements and changes made on the basis of the present invention, all exist
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of production breeding method of the preferred long soft-shelled turtle in open country, the method includes breed breeding, hatching seedling, larval culture and at
Product cultivation stages, which is characterized in that the production breeding method all uses open field to grow, and the breed breeding is using such as
Under type:
(a) in the basin in the Changjiang river, the Yellow River or Poyang Lake whole nation Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis suitable growth, local outstanding Shelled Turtle Trionyx Sinensis kind is selected,
It is carried out to independent breeding respectively and hybridization is cultivated；
(b) with the color of soft-shelled turtle is good, vigor is high, growth is moderate and 8 years or more the disease-free complete conditions of shape of hurting are selected from (a)
The close soft-shelled turtle cultivated is as wild long soft-shelled turtle parent；
The hatching seedling is in the following way:
In the incubation period of ovum, start the egg produced for annual late May parent soft-shelled turtle, select weight 3.5-5.5g, it is complete,
It is transparent, bright, egg of the soft-shelled turtle egg of animal pole and plant pole as hatching can be obviously distinguished, hatching material uses clean sand
Son；
The breeding method uses identical or different type of rearing in larval culture and finished product cultivation stages；Wherein,
(A) it in young soft-shelled turtle breeding phase, comprises the following processes:
(1) selected soft-shelled turtle egg through 31-33 DEG C Constant temperature hatch 50 days, small soft-shelled turtle pips, obtain weight 3.5-5.0g/only young soft-shelled turtle,
Field children's soft-shelled turtle culture pond will be put into after above-mentioned young soft-shelled turtle well-chosen；Use deep-sea white fish meal and starch for foodstuff cultivation；Field dew
It is cultivated under its state；
(2) pass through cultivation in 22 months, during which by twice, each 6-7 months hibernation periods that do not feed, obtaining soft-shelled turtle can reach again
The two age children soft-shelled turtles of 160-200g/ only；
(3) the two ages children soft-shelled turtle male and female are separated, launches to the wild long big water surface water body of soft-shelled turtle, uses and voluntarily prey on based on the shrimp that lives
Living body aquatic animal mode is cultivated；
(4) cultivations being put in a suitable place to breed by 22 months, during which being undergone again twice, each 6-7 months hibernation periods that do not feed obtain soft-shelled turtle and weigh
It can reach the four age children soft-shelled turtles of 400-500g/ only；
(B) finished product cultivation stages are used and are cultivated in a manner of the living body aquatic animal voluntarily preyed on based on the shrimp that lives, four age children soft-shelled turtles point
Gender put in a suitable place to breed culture soft-shelled turtle food big water surface water body in, the coverage of water be 100-120 mu, breeding density be 50-300 only/often
Mu；The overall process of the finished product cultivation stages does not feed external source bait, based on voluntarily predation shrimp living；In finished product cultivation stages,
At least through 1 year growth period, i.e., at least through listing after 1 hibernation period, whole process was not subject to drug control；
Described cultivate carries out in micro- salty and alkalescent water；Wherein, exchanging water by external source river water and in time makes salinity control exist
2-4 ‰, pH are controlled between 7.4-8.7；Water quality is completely without industrial pollution, 5 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen≤0.02 mg/L, nitrous
Hydrochlorate≤0.1 mg/L；In addition to this, also whole to carry out water quality monitoring, indices reach national non-nuisance water quality mark
It is quasi-；
The cultivation water surface selects the big water surface to cultivate, and single water body is at 100-120 mus；
Natural selection is used in the production breeding method, i.e., does not artificially add any hormone in the overall process of cultivation, do not make
With antibiotic medicine come disease and pest control, the sick and weak individual of natural selection；
Culture bait is eaten breeding phase by living body soft-shelled turtle and is cultivated, and the living body soft-shelled turtle food breeding phase comprises the following processes:
The cultivation of shrimp, while and feeding crucian, silver carp, bighead and grass carp living body aquatic animal are carried out in 100-120 mus of big water surface water body.
2. production breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before the living body aquatic animal is annual May
After start to cultivate the living body aquatic animal.
3. production breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Strong with vitality in the breed breeding stage, premunition is strong, and skirt is generous, and constitution is excellent as first choice standard, and
The speed of growth is then secondary principle.
4. production breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hatching carries out in incubator, described
Incubator specification are as follows: 60cm × 60cm × 18cm.
5. production breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the field children soft-shelled turtle culture pond
Area within 1000 square meters, the depth of water is between 0.4 m-1.0 m.
6. production breeding method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that in step (1), every square meter launches young soft-shelled turtle 30
Only.
7. production breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), by the two ages children soft-shelled turtle male and female
It separates, is put into big water surface water body in annual May, use and cultivate in a manner of the living body aquatic animal voluntarily preyed on based on the shrimp that lives.
8. production breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), which is
100-120 mus；The depth of water is between 1.0-2.0m.
9. production breeding method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step (3), the living body aquatic animal is
Shrimp, crucian, silver carp, bighead and the grass carp cultivated in the movable water body of soft-shelled turtle.
10. production breeding method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step (3), launch two age children soft-shelled turtles per acre
300-500 is only.
11. production breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is laggard to spend hibernation period in young soft-shelled turtle or young soft-shelled turtle
The cultivation of row soft-shelled turtle food.
12. production breeding method according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the cultivation of the shrimp is after annual May
It carries out；The crucian, silver carp, bighead and grass carp fry cultivated after annual mid or late March.
13. production breeding method according to claim 12, which is characterized in that shrimp food is selected from Penaeus Vannmei, and density is
Ten thousand tail of 5-6/per acre, size is between 0.8-1.0cm.
14. production breeding method according to claim 13, which is characterized in that the Penaeus Vannmei is two generation seedlings.
15. production breeding method according to claim 12, which is characterized in that the crucian, silver carp, bighead and grass carp packet
It includes: 12 tail of bighead of 300g/per acre, 8 tail of silver carp of 200g/per acre, 200 tail of crucian summer flower/per acre, 3 tail of grass carp of 300g/every
Mu.
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| CN1895034A (en) * | 2005-07-14 | 2007-01-17 | 杨月兰 | Non-pollution and ecological large-scale soft-shelled turtle culturing method |
| CN102669013A (en) * | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-19 | 宜兴市中亚淡水生态养殖专业合作社 | Method for ecologically culturing Chinese black turtle |
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