CN105009946A - Grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis - Google Patents
Grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis. A Magnolia denudate nursery-grown plant is taken as a rootstock, a current-growth branch of the Magnolia wufengensis is taken as a scion, and when the branch has a lignifying tendency in autumn, grafting can be started. The grafting method has the following steps: cutting an angular cut reaching xylem closely at the inner side of a phloem portion, then, performing longitudinal vertical sliding cutting downwards from right above the angular cut to the angular cut so as to cut a flat and smooth long tangent plane and ensure that the exposition position of the long tangent plane is mainly disposed on a cambium layer; performing sliding peeling downwards at the opposite side of a scion axillary bud to form a flat and smooth long-horse-ear-shaped tangent plane, wherein the tangent plane bridges over the diameter of the whole branch, a heart center is seen below the middle of the long-horse-ear-shaped tangent plane, and the axillary bud is sheared at a position 0.8 to 1cm away from the upper portion of the axillary bud; and carrying out scion colligation. According to the grafting method provided by the invention, the grafting butt joint surface is enlarged, the more callus a wound generates, healing can be speeded up, through such a means, the technical difficulty of rapid breeding of the Magnolia denudate is solved, and the technical defect is detected that the survival rate by use of a conventional Magnolia denudate grating method is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling propagation field, relate to the grafting method of plant, particularly a kind of grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis.
Background technology
Magnolia wufengensis (
magnolia wufengensis) be the Magnoliacea plant novel species that the people such as Beijing Forestry University professor Ma Lvyi find when Hubei Wu Feng carries out Plant Resource of Magnoliaceae investigation for 2004.In formal record before this, a yulan adularescent, purple and the pink kind of one side, yulan entirely red inside and outside discovery still belongs to the first time at home, and only five peaks are exclusive.
Magnolia wufengensis has extremely abundant flower morphology variation property, and floral color type has dark red, red with pale red different manifestations; The number of tepal is not from 9 lobes to 46 lobes etc.; The shape of tepal has the wealthy shape of falling ovum cochlear, cochlear and bar shaped; Flower pattern has the different manifestations such as chrysanthemum type, Chinese rose type, lotus type and tree peony type, and ornamental value is very high, is splendid Landscape Trees.
Magnolia wufengensis wild resource only has distribution in Wufeng County, and rare numbers, naturally seldom solid, percentage of seedgermination is low, and therefore conventional seed planting mode of reproduction is difficult to implement.As one of Magnoliaceae kind, its cutting propagation is also very difficult.
According to the colored portion variation type that Magnolia wufengensis is abundant, by selection and use now cultivated tender red No. 1, tender red No. 2, tender appearance, chrysanthemum of spoiling, 5 Magnolia wufengensis new varieties such as delicate and charming, grafting and breeding can keep the stability of improved seeds genetic character.
Inventor, through breeding and cultivation experiments for many years, sums up the feasible method that grafting is Magnolia wufengensis fast-propagation.But realizing in process of the present invention, inventor finds that in prior art, at least there are the following problems:
The survival rate of traditional fruit tree, green plants graft technology grafting Magnolia wufengensis generally only has 20%, even lower.Because Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock marrow proportion is comparatively large, xylem is thinner, when adopting side grafting method grafting, if slightly cut sth. askew on stock, is easily switched to medulla, forms layer interface few, and be difficult to healing, survival rate is low.
Summary of the invention
Given this, the object of the invention is the Magnolia wufengensis grafting method providing a kind of survival rate high, the method practicality simple to operate, the nursery stock strong stress resistance of acquisition, can Blooming, and graft survival rate is up to 95%.
For solving above technical problem, technical scheme provided by the invention is, provides a kind of grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis, belong to nursery stock for stock with yulan, with Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch for scion, enter branch after autumn and occur that lignification is inclined to, can start grafting, this grafting method comprises the following steps:
Cut stock: be first close to the angular cut that phloem inside cutting one reaches xylem, then from directly over angular cut longitudinally vertically downward sliding cutting be cut into the long tangent plane of flat smooth to angular cut, and guarantee that long tangent plane exsertion part is to form layer;
Cut scion: be whittled into the long horse ear shape tangent plane of flat smooth at scion axillalry bud offside to downslide, tangent plane is inclined cross whole branch diameter, in long horse ear shape tangent plane, medulla is seen in below, and on axillalry bud top, 0.8-1cm place cuts off;
Scion colligation: docked with the long tangent plane of stock by long for scion horse ear shape tangent plane, with plastic film tape colligation from bottom to top, axillalry bud exposes.
As axillalry bud offside be bending then at axillalry bud side because offside is bending then cannot be whittled into longer tangent plane.
Because Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock marrow proportion is larger, xylem is thinner, that cuts that stock breaks traditions slightly cuts sth. askew, but is longitudinally cut into long tangent plane, and scion is sliding is whittled into long horse ear shape tangent plane, form layer exposed parts just many, can ensure that scion formation layer forms layer with stock and docks completely, expand interface, the callus produced in wound is just many, can healing acceleration, be very beneficial for the survival rate improving Magnolia wufengensis grafting.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, described scion selects collection rugosity to be less than the Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch of the full stalwartness of axillalry bud of stock rugosity, cuts off blade, stays the petiole that 0.3-0.5cm is long, branch carries out moisturizing process to branch bottom notch after gathering.If directly remove petiole, then below bud, form wound, scion vitality weakens.Branch bottom notch is protected, to ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, can not be drained, keep the vitality that branch is vigorous.
According to a preferred embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, the concrete mode of described moisturizing process is: by after clip parcel one circle, whole bundle branch being sprayed a small amount of water with dipping in wet cotton towel, then being wrapped up by whole bundle branch with preservative film.Ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, can not be drained, keep the vitality that branch is vigorous.If at once do not used, needing the branch bandaged to be positioned over shady and cool ventilation place, all can use in 2 days; 4 DEG C of refrigerators within 3-5 days, are then placed in, no longer than a week as placed.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, described stock is that to belong to nursery stock be stock to the raw healthy and strong disease-free yulan of 2-3, within first 20 days, prunes stock, and carry out sterilization treatment to nursery stock and soil in grafting.Do not need during grafting to carry out this work again, can significantly improve grafting speed.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, described angular cut length is 0.5-0.8cm; The length of described long tangent plane is 3.5-4.5cm, and wide is 0.5-1cm; The length of described long horse ear shape tangent plane is 3.5-4.5cm; Described angular cut overhead 10-20cm.Grafting part is lower, close to ground, can directly be embedded in soil by grafting part in Nursery stock transplanting process, ensures that nursery stock late growing stage form is logical straight.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, described grafting method is selected sunny or cloudy weather and is carried out.Raining can breed bacteria, causes the interface water inlet do not tied up to infect, therefore selects sunny or cloudy weather to carry out grafting, and according to weather forecast situation, rainwater arrives and stops grafting before noon.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, described grafting method is selected to carry out under 18-25 DEG C of temperature condition.During grafting, temperature callus growth when 18-25 DEG C is very fast, is grafting optimal temperature.The period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, temperature stopped grafting more than 30 DEG C, and afternoon, temperature can continue grafting after reducing.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, described plastic film tape is 0.04 sealed polyethylene plastic of long 25-30cm, wide 2.5-3.5cm.The plastic film tape made is convenient to wrapping.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, described grafting method enters the stopping grafting of first 20 days of resting stage nursery stock.Enter branch after autumn and occur that lignification is inclined to, can grafting be started, sustainable about 2 months of grafting time.
According to an embodiment of Magnolia wufengensis grafting method of the present invention, also comprise and connect rear management process:
After grafting, Second Year fringe in spring bud sprout after above grafting part 5-10cm place cut off stock, grow after young sprout 3-4 sheet cotyledon until fringe bud, remove binding plastic film, again above interface healing place side, cut off stock when young sprout 10-15cm is long; As found, young sprout grows obliquely, then with bamboo pole or waddy Zhi Lizhu, be bundled in by young sprout on column, the branch regularly below removing grafting part, stock germinated.
Compared with prior art, a technical scheme tool in technique scheme has the following advantages:
1, stock otch is whittled into long tangent plane, scion otch is whittled into long horse ear shape tangent plane, form layer exposed parts many, interface expands, the callus produced in wound is just many, can healing acceleration, solved the technological difficulties of Magnolia wufengensis Fast-propagation by these means, overcome the technical deficiency that the conventional grafting method survival rate of Magnolia wufengensis is low.
2, scion branch is wrapped up with preservative film after spraying a small amount of water after clip parcel one circle with dipping in wet cotton towel, and ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, vitality is vigorous.
3, use this method, can breed Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock fast and efficiently, survival rate can reach 95%.
4, this method is vegetative propagation, can the new quality product kind of fast-propagation Magnolia wufengensis.
Embodiment
Be described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.The present embodiment is described principle of the present invention and feature, and example, only for explaining the present invention, is not for limiting the scope of the invention.
Inventor's Magnolia wufengensis breeding experience combined for many years employs to expand and forms the means such as layer interface, scion be fresh-keeping and improve Magnolia wufengensis graft survival rate: on the one hand because Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock marrow proportion is larger, xylem is thinner, that cuts that stock breaks traditions slightly cuts sth. askew, but is longitudinally cut into long tangent plane; Another aspect branch is wrapped up with preservative film after spraying a small amount of water after clip parcel one circle with dipping in wet cotton towel, and ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, vitality is vigorous.Scion is sliding is whittled into long horse ear shape tangent plane, forms layer exposed parts just many, can ensure that scion forms layer and forms layer with stock and dock completely, expand interface, just many at the callus of wound generation, can healing acceleration, raising survival rate.
The present embodiment Magnolia wufengensis grafting method concrete steps are as follows:
(1) grafting time: generally enter branch after autumn and occur that lignification is inclined to, can start grafting, sustainable about 2 months of grafting time, enters the stopping grafting of first 20 days of resting stage nursery stock; Select sunny or cloudy weather to carry out grafting, according to weather forecast situation, rainwater arrives and stops grafting before noon; During grafting, temperature is advisable with 18-25 DEG C, and the period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, temperature stopped grafting more than 30 DEG C, and afternoon, temperature continued grafting after reducing.
(2) selection of stock and process: selecting the raw healthy and strong disease-free yulan of 2-3 to belong to nursery stock is stock, usually selects yulan magnolia or Y biondii(Pamp)D.L.Fu to make stock, prunes for first 20 days, carry out sterilization treatment to nursery stock and soil in grafting to stock.Do not need during grafting to carry out this work again, grafting speed can be improved.
(3) selection of scion and process: because the raw stock rugosity of 2-3 is at about 1cm, select rugosity to be less than the Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch of stock rugosity, the full stalwartness of axillalry bud.Concrete selection rugosity is that the internode of 0.4-0.8cm is even, the Magnolia wufengensis of the full stalwartness of axillalry bud raw substantial growth branch then, cut off blade, stay the petiole of 0.3-0.5cm length, every 50 branches wrap up into a bundle, often tying branch bottom notch place puts neatly, by after clip parcel one circle, whole bundle branch being sprayed a small amount of water with dipping in wet cotton towel, then with preservative film, whole bundle branch being wrapped up, preferably accomplishing with adopting with connecing.Ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, can not be drained, vitality is vigorous.If at once do not used, being positioned over shady and cool ventilation place, all can using in 2 days; 4 DEG C of refrigerators within 3-5 days, are then placed in, no longer than a week as placed.
(4) making of plastic film tape: take the plastic film tape being divided into long 25-30cm, wide 2.5-3.5cm after 0.04 sealed polyethylene plastic folds with paper knife, be convenient to wrapping.
(5) stock is cut: before the stock overhead grafting of 10-20cm position, first clean its earth foreign material with dry cotton, the long angular cut of phloem inside cutting one 0.5-0.8cm is close to grafting knife, reach xylem, then 3.5-4.5cm place directly over angular cut, facing to the longitudinal sliding cutting vertically downward of below angular cut to angular cut, thus forming long tangent plane, long tangent plane width, slightly larger than scion rugosity, is generally 0.5-1cm.Grafting part is lower, close to ground, can directly be embedded in soil by grafting part in Nursery stock transplanting process, ensures that nursery stock late growing stage form is logical straight.
(6) cut scion: be whittled into the long horse ear shape tangent plane of about 25 ° of angular length 3.5-4.5cm at scion axillalry bud offside to downslide, tangent plane is inclined cross whole branch diameter, in horse ear shape tangent plane, medulla is seen in below, and on bud top, 0.8-1cm place cuts off.As axillalry bud offside be bending then at axillalry bud side because offside is bending then cannot be whittled into longer tangent plane.
(7) scion colligation: otch is inserted in scion, scion long horse ear shape tangent plane forms layer with the long tangent plane of stock and docks, and with plastic film tape colligation from bottom to top, except axillalry bud spills, all the other positions all need to swathe tight.
(8) connect rear management: Second Year fringe in spring bud sprout after above grafting part 5-10cm place cut off stock, grow after young sprout 3-4 sheet cotyledon until fringe bud, remove binding plastic film, again above interface healing place side, cut off stock when young sprout 10-15cm is long.As found, young sprout grows obliquely, then with bamboo pole or waddy Zhi Lizhu, be bundled in by young sprout on column, the branch regularly below removing grafting part, stock germinated.
All otch of graft stock and scion must flat smooth.
By said method grafting and breeding Magnolia wufengensis, empirical tests: Magnolia wufengensis graft survival rate, up to 95%, substantially increases the efficiency of Magnolia wufengensis grafting, solves a difficult problem for Magnolia wufengensis fast breeding difficulty.
Contrast experiment:
Grafting method of the present invention (experimental group) and traditional side grafting (control group 1) and cut-grafting (control group 2) grafting method are carried out Experimental comparison.Each experimental group selects 2 years of the same type of 200 scion grafting the same areas raw Y biondii(Pamp)D.L.Fu nursery stocks at random, and the grafting workman selecting three skills involved in the labour consistent carries out grafting, compares survival rate and the labor intensive time of three kinds of methods.Survival rate and grafting expend time in table 1.
Table 1 Magnolia wufengensis different grafting methods survival rate
Experimental result shows: by technical solution of the present invention, and on the one hand stock is longitudinally cut into long tangent plane, and scion is sliding is whittled into long horse ear shape tangent plane, and form layer exposed parts just many, interface expands, and the callus produced in wound is just many, can healing acceleration; Another aspect branch is wrapped up with preservative film after spraying a small amount of water after clip parcel one circle with dipping in wet cotton towel, and ensure that scion has sufficient moisture, vitality is vigorous.Use this technical graft survival rate to be 95%, far above 63.5% of 20.5% and the control group 2 of control group 1, the grafting of grafting method of the present invention is consuming time in addition is also starkly lower than control group 2 for 2.25h.Therefore the present invention substantially increases the graft survival rate of Magnolia wufengensis nursery stock, improves grafting efficiency, has saved labour cost.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be considered as limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a grafting method for Magnolia wufengensis, is characterized in that, belongs to nursery stock for stock with yulan, and with Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch for scion, enter branch after autumn and occur that lignification is inclined to, can start grafting, this grafting method comprises the following steps:
Cut stock: be first close to the angular cut that phloem inside cutting one reaches xylem, then from directly over angular cut longitudinally vertically downward sliding cutting be cut into the long tangent plane of flat smooth to angular cut, and guarantee that long tangent plane exsertion part is to form layer;
Cut scion: be whittled into the long horse ear shape tangent plane of flat smooth at scion axillalry bud offside to downslide, tangent plane is inclined cross whole branch diameter, in long horse ear shape tangent plane, medulla is seen in below, and on axillalry bud top, 0.8-1cm place cuts off;
Scion colligation: docked with the long tangent plane of stock by long for scion horse ear shape tangent plane, with plastic film tape colligation from bottom to top, axillalry bud exposes.
2. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described scion selects collection rugosity to be less than the Magnolia wufengensis current-year branch of the full stalwartness of axillalry bud of stock rugosity, cut off blade, stay the petiole that 0.3-0.5cm is long, branch carries out moisturizing process to branch bottom notch after gathering.
3. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the concrete mode of described moisturizing process is: by after clip parcel one circle, whole bundle branch being sprayed a small amount of water with dipping in wet cotton towel, then being wrapped up by whole bundle branch with preservative film.
4. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described stock is that to belong to nursery stock be stock to the raw healthy and strong disease-free yulan of 2-3, within first 20 days, prunes stock, and carry out sterilization treatment to nursery stock and soil in grafting.
5. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described angular cut length is 0.5-0.8cm; The length of described long tangent plane is 3.5-4.5cm, and wide is 0.5-1cm; The length of described long horse ear shape tangent plane is 3.5-4.5cm; Described angular cut overhead 10-20cm.
6. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described grafting method is selected sunny or cloudy weather and carried out.
7. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described grafting method is selected to carry out under 18-25 DEG C of temperature condition.
8. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plastic film tape is 0.04 sealed polyethylene plastic of long 25-30cm, wide 2.5-3.5cm.
9. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described grafting method enters the stopping grafting of first 20 days of resting stage nursery stock.
10. the grafting method of Magnolia wufengensis according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises and connects rear management process:
After grafting, Second Year fringe in spring bud sprout after above grafting part 5-10cm place cut off stock, grow after young sprout 3-4 sheet cotyledon until fringe bud, remove binding plastic film, again above interface healing place side, cut off stock when young sprout 10-15cm is long; As found, young sprout grows obliquely, then with bamboo pole or waddy Zhi Lizhu, be bundled in by young sprout on column, the branch regularly below removing grafting part, stock germinated.
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| CN106718114A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-05-31 | 湖北众森生态林业股份有限公司 | The immature seedling simple bud cut-grafting engrafting method of Magnolia wufengensis |
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| CN106856995B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2020-01-07 | 湖北众森生态林业股份有限公司 | Bud-embedding and bark-inserting grafting method for magnolia sieboldii seedlings in spring |
| CN107135818A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-08 | 甘孜藏族自治州林业科学研究所 | A kind of high stake budding method of Kangding lily magnolia |
| CN107155656A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-15 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of high stake stem grafting method of Kangding lily magnolia |
| CN107155656B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-10-09 | 四川农业大学 | High-pile grafting method for Kangding magnolia |
| CN108293461A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-07-20 | 北京林业大学 | Magnolia wufengensis engrafting method |
| CN108575654A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-09-28 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of Magnolia wufengensis dwarfing cultivation method using morphactin |
| CN108770519A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-11-09 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | The process of reddish yellow yulan is grafted on a kind of Flos micheliae Albae |
| CN109548505A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-02 | 曹春花 | The grafting and breeding technique of Magnolia wufengensis |
| CN109566130A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-05 | 曹春花 | A kind of method of scale fast breeding Magnolia wufengensis |
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