CN105009922A - Tomato breeding method - Google Patents
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- CN105009922A CN105009922A CN201510489257.2A CN201510489257A CN105009922A CN 105009922 A CN105009922 A CN 105009922A CN 201510489257 A CN201510489257 A CN 201510489257A CN 105009922 A CN105009922 A CN 105009922A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of tomato breeding, in particular to a tomato breeding method. The method comprises the steps of harvesting tomato fruits, taking out seeds, removing pectin, and then sowing the seeds in a seedling cultivation medium; planting tomato seedlings growing in the seedling cultivation medium after the seedlings are hardened; conducting pruning, trimming and pinching on plants during the first inflorescence flowering period, wherein one inflorescence is reserved on each plant for pinching, two main leaves are reserved on the upper portion of each inflorescence, and other lateral branches are all removed; harvesting fruits and repeating the steps. According to the method, tomato seeds are sown as soon as the seeds are harvested without fermentation storage, and time and labor are saved; only one fruit is reserved on each seed collecting plant for pinching, genetic groups are reversed with the single-plant simple-inflorescence passage method, offspring genetic group size can be better guaranteed, breeding cycle can be shortened, three-generation seed selection can be achieved each year, and breeding progress is quickened greatly; furthermore, holder setup and vine hanging are not needed during growth of tomato seedlings, labor is saved, investment is reduced, and economical efficiency is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tomato breeding field, in particular to a kind of method for breeding tomato.
Background technology
In tomato breeding process, the many generation mixing of colony's selective gist of traditional segregative generation are collected seed and pedigree seed selection method, have that plantation colony is large, soil consumption is large, the cycle is long, recruitment is many, waste time and energy and the problems such as Selection effect difference.Adopt list to go down to posterity system of selection, after too much generation is selected to reserve seed for planting, existing because conventional seedbed system disease is serious, through too much causing genetic group to reduce after choosing seeds, affecting Selection effect.Tamato fruit collect seed usually carry out fermenting, the process such as seed storage, there is problems such as wasting time and energy.At present, the conventional method of carrying out fast seed selection mainly north is planted numerous or greenhouse, south and is added generation, there is problems such as wasting time and energy.
The major defect of above technology is that the genetic group of tomato breeding offspring is narrow gradually, and seed selection efficiency is low, and the cycle is long, time-consuming, cannot reach quick seed selection, and realizes Labor-saving cultivation.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for breeding tomato, described method for breeding tomato has accelerates the speed of tomato breeding, and descendant inheritting population size is stablized, and seed selection efficiency is high, the advantage such as to raise the multiple-cropping index.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method for breeding tomato, comprises the following steps:
A (), tomato species fruit of gathering, take out seed, sow to seedling medium after described seed is removed pectin;
(b), the tomato sprout field planting after taking exercise will grown at described seedling medium;
C (), plant to carry out pruning at the first inflorescence flowering stage, prune, pinching, and every plant retains a Honoka sequence and carries out pinching, and 2 true leaves are stayed on each inflorescence top, and all the other side shoots are all extractd;
D (), kind of a fruit of gathering, repeat step (a)-(c).
Method for breeding tomato provided by the invention, tomato seeds is without fermentation storage, with adopting with broadcasting, time saving and energy saving; Each seed collecting plant only retains 1 fringe fruit and carries out pinching, and the method gone down to posterity with individual plant simple inflorescence retains genetic group, can better ensure descendant inheritting population size, shortens breeding cycle, realizes the seed selection in 1 year 3 generation, greatly accelerate breeding process; And support does not hang climing in tomato sprout process of growth, save artificial, reduce and drop into, realize economical and efficient.
Wherein, seed is removed pectin and can be adopted to mix to rub with gravel and obtain.
Find through test, select specific seedling medium to sow, reduce sprout term disease and occur, effectively preserve genetic group scale, improve breeding efficiency.
Preferably, described seedling medium by the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by volume for 2-4:1 mixes.
More preferably, the volume ratio of the described peat composed of rotten mosses and described vermiculite is 2.5-3.0:1.
More preferably, also mix composite fertilizer and carbendazim in described seedling medium, the volume ratio of described composite fertilizer and described seedling medium is 0.5-1.5:20, and the volume ratio of described carbendazim and described seedling medium is 0.5-1.5:20.
Preferably, in step (a), described sowing is specially to seedling medium:
Carry out seeding and seedling raising with cave dish, moistening matrix is loaded seedling-cultivating tray, waters permeable, along 1-2cm on matrix distance seedling dish, after planting cover matrix 1 ~ 1.2cm, then covering with plastic film.
Cave dish can commercially availablely be bought, and can be 32 holes, 50 holes, 60 holes etc.With point disk seedling growing, easy and simple to handle, economize on resources, be convenient to management.
Further, mulch film is thrown off when bud ratio reaches 75%-85%.Both ensure that the demand staying seedling, and made again the seedling obtained conform faster, obtain the seedling that vitality is stronger.
In order to obtain growing better seedling, further, between nursery stage, day temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 13 ~ 18 DEG C.
Strengthen planting density, shorten the tomato cultivation time, and ripening fruits is directly sowed without fermentation and seed storage process, realize the quick seed selection process in 1 year 3 generation of results.
Preferably, the seedling age of described tomato seedling controls at 40-45 days.Better to adapt to the requirement of field planting.
In order to the requirement making seedling better adapt to field planting, preferably, within before field planting 7-10 days, rice shoot exercise is carried out.Generally cave dish is moved on to open country carry out rice shoot exercise.
Preferably, the mode that described field planting adopts size row to be separated by, little line-spacing 35-45cm, wide row space 55-65cm, spacing in the rows 20-30cm.Each seed collecting plant only retains 1 fringe fruit and carries out pinching, shortens breeding cycle, strengthens planting density, and improve land utilization efficiency, support does not hang climing, saves artificial, reduces and drop into, realize economical and efficient.
By the aseptic nursery in greenhouse, open country and chamber planting tomato, improve tomato breeding field economic benefit.
In order to accelerate to each segregative generation breeding material seed selection speed in tomato breeding, save man-hour, improve efficiency of selection, preferably, described sowing is:
Each kind fruit only broadcast 2-3 grain seed, sow in same cave, after emerging 2 leaves wholeheartedly time final singling, every cave retains 1 healthy plant.
The present invention, according to plant physiological ecology habit, carries out adding generation, and rationally seed selection, sowing, improve the cropping index in tomato breeding field, realize laborsaving saving of labor, shorten breeding cycle, improve planting density.This method can accomplish to improve breeding process in tomato breeding, shortens breeding cycle, reduces and drops into, increase economic efficiency, and reduces scientific research cost, saves labor simultaneously, improves breeding efficiency.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) each seed collecting plant only sows the 2-3 grain seed of 1 fruit, tomato seeds without fermentation storage, with adopting with broadcasting, seedling 2 leaf wholeheartedly time thinning, final singling, every cave retains 1 healthy plant, time saving and energy saving.
(2) each seed collecting plant only retains 1 fringe fruit and carries out pinching, shortens breeding cycle, strengthens planting density, and improve land utilization efficiency, support does not hang climing, saves artificial, reduces and drop into, realize economical and efficient.
(3) utilize cave to coil and carry out nursery, shorten seedling age, retain 1 fringe fruit and carry out pinching, shorten breeding cycle, realize the seed selection in 1 year 3 generation, greatly accelerate breeding process.
(4) utilize the matrix of special component to sow, reduce sprout term disease and occur, effectively preserve genetic group scale, improve breeding efficiency.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition of conveniently conditioned disjunction manufacturer suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, being can by the conventional products of commercially available acquisition.
Embodiment 1
Efficient method for breeding tomato, comprises the following steps:
Prepare seedling medium: the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are mixed to get matrix according to volume ratio 2:1, then in matrix, evenly mix composite fertilizer and carbendazim, the volume ratio of composite fertilizer and matrix is 1:20, and the volume ratio of carbendazim and matrix is 1:20;
Early March is gathered abundant ripening fruits, and every plant is gathered a kind fruit, is taken out by seed, without fermentation, mixes rub with gravel, remove pectin and obtain seed;
Moistening matrix is loaded 50 hole dishes, water permeable, along 1-2cm on matrix distance seedling dish, by 3 seeds that each kind of fruit obtains, sow in same cave, after planting cover matrix 1 ~ 1.2cm, then cover white mulch film;
About one week, the seed cotyledons of 75% was unearthed, and throws off mulch film, after emerging 2 leaves wholeheartedly time final singling, every cave retains 1 healthy plant;
Seedling medium keeps seeing dryly to be seen wet, waters dilutional hyponatremia excessive growth, between nursery stage, and day temperature 20 ~ 25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 13 ~ 15 DEG C, mid or late April, when rice shoot grows to 6-7 sheet true leaf, cave dish moves on to open country to carry out rice shoot and tempers 7 days, and seedling age controls at 40-45 days;
Then by the rice shoot field planting after taking exercise, field planting adopts the mode of size between-line spacing, little line-spacing 35cm, wide row space 55cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, north and south row to;
Plant to carry out pruning at the first inflorescence flowering stage, prune, pinching, and stem is climing not to carry out support or hangs climing each individual plant, and each plant retains a Honoka sequence and carries out pinching, and 2 true leaves are stayed on each inflorescence top, and all the other side shoots are all extractd;
The each plant of early and middle ten days in July gathers 1 full ripe kind really, carries out follow-on breeding according to the method described above;
The second generation is in late August field planting, and late November carries out full maturity kind fruit of gathering; Continue, by breeding method breeding provided by the invention, to the March in next year, to realize gathering for 3 generations for 1 year.
Embodiment 2
Efficient method for breeding tomato, comprises the following steps:
Prepare seedling medium: the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are mixed to get matrix according to volume ratio 3:1, then in matrix, evenly mix composite fertilizer and carbendazim, the volume ratio of composite fertilizer and matrix is 0.5:20, and the volume ratio of carbendazim and matrix is 0.5:20;
Early March is gathered abundant ripening fruits, and every plant is gathered a kind fruit, is taken out by seed, without fermentation, mixes rub with gravel, remove pectin and obtain seed;
Moistening matrix is loaded 50 hole dishes, water permeable, along 1-2cm on matrix distance seedling dish, by 2 seeds that each kind of fruit obtains, sow in same cave, after planting cover matrix 1 ~ 1.2cm, then cover white mulch film;
About one week, the seed cotyledons of 80% was unearthed, and throws off mulch film, after emerging 2 leaves wholeheartedly time final singling, every cave retains 1 healthy plant;
Seedling medium keeps seeing dryly to be seen wet, waters dilutional hyponatremia excessive growth, between nursery stage, and day temperature 25 ~ 30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 15 ~ 18 DEG C, mid or late April, when rice shoot grows to 6-7 sheet true leaf, cave dish moves on to open country to carry out rice shoot and tempers 10 days, and seedling age controls at 40-45 days;
Then by the rice shoot field planting after taking exercise, field planting adopts the mode of size between-line spacing, little line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 50cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, north and south row to;
Plant to carry out pruning at the first inflorescence flowering stage, prune, pinching, and stem is climing not to carry out support or hangs climing each individual plant, and each plant retains a Honoka sequence and carries out pinching, and 2 true leaves are stayed on each inflorescence top, and all the other side shoots are all extractd;
The each plant of early and middle ten days in July gathers 1 full ripe kind really, carries out follow-on breeding according to the method described above;
The second generation is in late August field planting, and late November carries out full maturity kind fruit of gathering; Continue, by breeding method breeding provided by the invention, to the March in next year, to realize gathering for 3 generations for 1 year.
Embodiment 3
Efficient method for breeding tomato, comprises the following steps:
Prepare seedling medium: the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are mixed to get matrix according to volume ratio 4:1, then in matrix, evenly mix composite fertilizer and carbendazim, the volume ratio of composite fertilizer and matrix is 1.5:20, and the volume ratio of carbendazim and matrix is 1.5:20;
Early March is gathered abundant ripening fruits, and every plant is gathered a kind fruit, is taken out by seed, without fermentation, mixes rub with gravel, remove pectin and obtain seed;
Moistening matrix is loaded 50 hole dishes, water permeable, along 1-2cm on matrix distance seedling dish, by 2 seeds that each kind of fruit obtains, sow in same cave, after planting cover matrix 1 ~ 1.2cm, then cover white mulch film;
About one week, the seed cotyledons of 85% was unearthed, and throws off mulch film, after emerging 2 leaves wholeheartedly time final singling, every cave retains 1 healthy plant;
Seedling medium keeps seeing dryly to be seen wet, waters dilutional hyponatremia excessive growth, between nursery stage, and day temperature 23 ~ 27 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 14 ~ 17 DEG C, mid or late April, when rice shoot grows to 6-7 sheet true leaf, cave dish moves on to open country to carry out rice shoot and tempers 8 days, and seedling age controls at 40-45 days;
Then by the rice shoot field planting after taking exercise, field planting adopts the mode of size between-line spacing, little line-spacing 45cm, wide row space 65cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, north and south row to;
Plant to carry out pruning at the first inflorescence flowering stage, prune, pinching, and stem is climing not to carry out support or hangs climing each individual plant, and each plant retains a Honoka sequence and carries out pinching, and 2 true leaves are stayed on each inflorescence top, and all the other side shoots are all extractd;
The each plant of early and middle ten days in July gathers 1 full ripe kind really, carries out follow-on breeding according to the method described above;
The second generation is in late August field planting, and late November carries out full maturity kind fruit of gathering; Continue, by breeding method breeding provided by the invention, to the March in next year, to realize gathering for 3 generations for 1 year.
Embodiment 4
Efficient method for breeding tomato, comprises the following steps:
Prepare seedling medium: the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are mixed to get matrix according to volume ratio 3:1, then in matrix, evenly mix composite fertilizer and carbendazim, the volume ratio of composite fertilizer and matrix is 1:20, and the volume ratio of carbendazim and matrix is 1:20;
Early March is gathered abundant ripening fruits, and every plant is gathered a kind fruit, is taken out by seed, without fermentation, mixes rub with gravel, remove pectin and obtain seed;
Moistening matrix is loaded 50 hole dishes, water permeable, along 1-2cm on matrix distance seedling dish, by 3 seeds that each kind of fruit obtains, sow in same cave, after planting cover matrix 1 ~ 1.2cm, then cover white mulch film;
About one week, the seed cotyledons of 80% was unearthed, and throws off mulch film, after emerging 2 leaves wholeheartedly time final singling, every cave retains 1 healthy plant;
Seedling medium keeps seeing dryly to be seen wet, waters dilutional hyponatremia excessive growth, between nursery stage, and day temperature 24 ~ 28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 14 ~ 17 DEG C, mid or late April, when rice shoot grows to 6-7 sheet true leaf, cave dish moves on to open country to carry out rice shoot and tempers 8 days, and seedling age controls at 40-45 days;
Then by the rice shoot field planting after taking exercise, field planting adopts the mode of size between-line spacing, little line-spacing 50cm, wide row space 60cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, north and south row to;
Plant to carry out pruning at the first inflorescence flowering stage, prune, pinching, and stem is climing not to carry out support or hangs climing each individual plant, and each plant retains a Honoka sequence and carries out pinching, and 2 true leaves are stayed on each inflorescence top, and all the other side shoots are all extractd;
The each plant of early and middle ten days in July gathers 1 full ripe kind really, carries out follow-on breeding according to the method described above;
The second generation is in late August field planting, and late November carries out full maturity kind fruit of gathering; Continue, by breeding method breeding provided by the invention, to the March in next year, to realize gathering for 3 generations for 1 year.
Embodiment 5
Efficient method for breeding tomato, comprises the following steps:
Prepare seedling medium: the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite are mixed to get matrix according to volume ratio 3:1, then in matrix, evenly mix composite fertilizer and carbendazim, the volume ratio of composite fertilizer and matrix is 0.8:20, and the volume ratio of carbendazim and matrix is 1.2:20;
Early March is gathered abundant ripening fruits, and every plant is gathered a kind fruit, is taken out by seed, without fermentation, mixes rub with gravel, remove pectin and obtain seed;
Moistening matrix is loaded 50 hole dishes, water permeable, along 1-2cm on matrix distance seedling dish, by 3 seeds that each kind of fruit obtains, sow in same cave, after planting cover matrix 1 ~ 1.2cm, then cover white mulch film;
About one week, the seed cotyledons of 80% was unearthed, and throws off mulch film, after emerging 2 leaves wholeheartedly time final singling, every cave retains 1 healthy plant;
Seedling medium keeps seeing dryly to be seen wet, waters dilutional hyponatremia excessive growth, between nursery stage, and day temperature 25 ~ 28 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 15 ~ 17 DEG C, mid or late April, when rice shoot grows to 6-7 sheet true leaf, cave dish moves on to open country to carry out rice shoot and tempers 8 days, and seedling age controls at 40-45 days;
Then by the rice shoot field planting after taking exercise, field planting adopts the mode of size between-line spacing, little line-spacing 50cm, wide row space 62cm, spacing in the rows 25cm, north and south row to;
Plant to carry out pruning at the first inflorescence flowering stage, prune, pinching, and stem is climing not to carry out support or hangs climing each individual plant, and each plant retains a Honoka sequence and carries out pinching, and 2 true leaves are stayed on each inflorescence top, and all the other side shoots are all extractd;
The each plant of early and middle ten days in July gathers 1 full ripe kind really, carries out follow-on breeding according to the method described above;
The second generation is in late August field planting, and late November carries out full maturity kind fruit of gathering; Continue, by breeding method breeding provided by the invention, to the March in next year, to realize gathering for 3 generations for 1 year.
Method for breeding tomato provided by the invention, has the following advantages:
When 1, collecting seed, azymic is not preserved, and directly sows, time saving and energy saving.
2, planting density is large, improves land utilization efficiency, saves artificial, reduces and drop into, realize economical and efficient.
3, seedling age shortens, and retains 1 fringe fruit and carries out pinching, and breeding cycle shortens, and realizes the seed selection in 1 year 3 generation, greatly accelerates breeding process.
4, avoid sprout term disease to occur, effective preservation genetic group scale, improves breeding efficiency.
In summary, the present invention is in order to accelerate in tomato breeding each segregative generation breeding material seed selection speed, save man-hour, improve efficiency of selection, adopt substrate seedling, ripening fruits is directly sowed without fermentation and seed storage process, and the method gone down to posterity with individual plant simple inflorescence retains genetic group, can better ensure descendant inheritting population size, and can planting density be increased, reduction in the life period, the land used time is short, and Comparison of Management is concentrated, for adding generation, quick seed selection, improves breeding field availability, reduces breeding cost and has important value.By the aseptic nursery in greenhouse, open country and chamber planting tomato, strengthens planting density, shortens the tomato cultivation time, and ripening fruits is directly sowed without fermentation and seed storage process, realize the quick seed selection process in 1 year 3 generation of results.
Although illustrate and describe the present invention with specific embodiment, however it will be appreciated that can to make when not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and amendment.Therefore, this means to comprise all such changes and modifications belonged in the scope of the invention in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. a method for breeding tomato, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A (), tomato species fruit of gathering, take out seed, sow to seedling medium after described seed is removed pectin;
(b), the tomato sprout field planting after taking exercise will grown at described seedling medium;
C (), plant to carry out pruning at the first inflorescence flowering stage, prune, pinching, and every plant retains a Honoka sequence and carries out pinching, and 2 true leaves are stayed on each inflorescence top, and all the other side shoots are all extractd;
D (), kind of a fruit of gathering, repeat step (a)-(c).
2. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described seedling medium by the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by volume for 2-4:1 mixes.
3. breeding method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, also mix composite fertilizer and carbendazim in described seedling medium, the volume ratio of described composite fertilizer and described seedling medium is 0.5-1.5:20, and the volume ratio of described carbendazim and described seedling medium is 0.5-1.5:20.
4. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (a), described sowing is specially to seedling medium:
Carry out seeding and seedling raising with cave dish, moistening matrix is loaded seedling-cultivating tray, waters permeable, along 1-2cm on matrix distance seedling dish, after planting cover matrix 1 ~ 1.2cm, then covering with plastic film.
5. breeding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, throws off mulch film when bud ratio reaches 75%-85%.
6. breeding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, between nursery stage, and day temperature 20 ~ 30 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 13 ~ 18 DEG C.
7. breeding method according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the seedling age of described tomato seedling controls at 40-45 days.
8. breeding method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, within before field planting 7-10 days, carries out rice shoot exercise.
9. breeding method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mode that described field planting adopts size row to be separated by, little line-spacing 35-45cm, wide row space 55-65cm, spacing in the rows 20-30cm.
10. the breeding method according to any one of claim 1-9, is characterized in that, described sowing is:
Each kind fruit only broadcast 2-3 grain seed, sow in same cave, after emerging 2 leaves wholeheartedly time final singling, every cave retains 1 healthy plant.
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| CN105659974A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-15 | 酒泉市华美种子有限责任公司 | Tomato seed extraction method |
| CN106165574A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-30 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of sterile production method of tomato seeds |
| CN108094075A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-01 | 安徽省华禾种业有限公司 | A kind of primary tomato seed breeding method |
| CN109984032A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-09 | 河北科技师范学院 | A kind of selection of fruit type tomato and its application |
| CN110122212A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 武汉楚为生物科技股份有限公司 | The method of tomato Acceleration of generation rapid breeding |
| CN113575141A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-02 | 江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Storage method of fructus aurantii seeds |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105659974A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-15 | 酒泉市华美种子有限责任公司 | Tomato seed extraction method |
| CN106165574A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-30 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of sterile production method of tomato seeds |
| CN109984032A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-09 | 河北科技师范学院 | A kind of selection of fruit type tomato and its application |
| CN108094075A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-01 | 安徽省华禾种业有限公司 | A kind of primary tomato seed breeding method |
| CN110122212A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 武汉楚为生物科技股份有限公司 | The method of tomato Acceleration of generation rapid breeding |
| CN113575141A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-11-02 | 江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Storage method of fructus aurantii seeds |
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