CN105000924A - Method for wet composting of bio-organic fertilizer from rural garbage - Google Patents
Method for wet composting of bio-organic fertilizer from rural garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN105000924A CN105000924A CN201510363694.XA CN201510363694A CN105000924A CN 105000924 A CN105000924 A CN 105000924A CN 201510363694 A CN201510363694 A CN 201510363694A CN 105000924 A CN105000924 A CN 105000924A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for wet composting of bio-organic fertilizer from rural garbage. The method includes: conducting efficient classification on rural garbage at source, for the classified organic domestic garbage and corn straw, taking household as the unit, and carrying out microbial fermentation, deodorization and complete decomposing to make the bio-organic fertilizer. The bio-organic fertilizer fermented by the method provided by the invention has the characteristics of no pollution, no nuisance, scientific formula, complete nutrient, soil activation, fertilizer efficiency increase, low cost, high yield, product quality improvement, harmful accumulation reduction, farmland fertility enhancement, soil fertility supply environment improvement, diseases and insect pest inhibition, and crop prematurity promotion. The method has the advantages of simple operation, convenient use and strong practicability, and can be popularized and applied on a large scale in rural areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of waste treatment, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing rural garbage retting biological organic fertilizer.
Background technology
Along with economic rapid growth, rubbish quantity constantly increases.And rubbish huddles disorderly to fall by villager's custom, production, domestic refuse is caused arbitrarily to be stacked at gateway of the village, roadside, ridge, trench.A large amount of dumpings, grows germ in the open, stinks to high heaven, toxic substance polluted surface water and underground water, the health of the serious harm mankind." family modernization, filthy outside room, rubbish is scraped by wind, and sewage is by evaporation, and " rubbish encloses village " has become the real picture of China's life in the countryside environment.Ecological Environment suffers from unprecedented threat, and the impact that this threat brings is far-reaching.
In recent years, the structure of rural garbage there occurs wide variation, cinder content continuous decrease, and perishable rubbish, combustiblerefuse, hazardous substance rubbish increase.Produce the root of this phenomenon: with mode there occurs change, tradition declines as the ratio of cooking a meal with fuel with stalk, increases using liquefied gas and electric energy as the peasant household of fuel; The composition of rural garbage is more complicated than municipal wastes, and the danger of pesticide bottle bag is larger; The idea of people there occurs change, and impetuous psychology rises sharply, and payes attention to the use of fertilizer and pesticide, ignores the effect of fertilizer; Some new tillage methods create negative impact to agricultural environment, the material cycle of traditional agriculture and flow of energy by high investment, high pollution substitute, the much energy, the source of manure become source of pollution, have therefore just had the serious problems that today, rural garbage was polluted.The harm that this phenomenon causes is: the thoroughbred horse increasing of rural garbage causes pollution range to expand, and pollution level is deepened, and pollution hazard increases the weight of, and presents air, water body, soil Tri-dimension Pollution developing state.Blowdown violating the regulations and directly toppling over, cause river course, part rural area foreign material to spread unchecked, sewage is brimming, and groundwater quality is got dirty.Because waste or used plastics, battery, dangerous toxic refuse are arbitrarily stacked or simple and easy landfill, cause rubbish in soil to be difficult to natural degradation corruption, cause earth's surface eubiosis key to be destroyed.The way Shortcomings of Rural Areas at Present refuse treatment: pattern that local government ossifys and understands " village receives, township's fortune, county's process ", seeming what rubbish all will transport to county-level city to focus on.But because facility for the central disposal is few and facility layout is unreasonable, and village is small and scattered, cause rural garbage especially remote countryside garbage transporting costly.The processing power of adding facility for the central disposal is not enough, is difficult to whole rural garbage of dissolving.The method of county's process is exactly by garbage loading embeading, there is the advantages such as treatment capacity is large, operating procedure is simple, operating costs are cheap, but garbage loading embeading produces a large amount of landfill gas and percolate in its very long stabilization procedures, can decades even to go up in a century constantly near public health constitute a threat to.Refuse landfill is to the pollution of environment, and main manifestations is the pollution to ecotopes such as air, water surrounding, soil and plants.By researching and analysing proof to organism and heavy metal etc. in refuse landfill and surrounding environment, there is secondary pollution to surrounding environment and there is potential health threat to the mankind in refuse landfill really.Refuse landfill also takies large-area soil usually, and China generally need build 1 more than 20 mu refuse landfill according to 200,000 populations, and life is 10 years; The general Rural areas of waste transportation expense produced is collected one ton of rubbish and is needed 30-40 unit, and transfer cost is 35 yuan/ton, and health fills out a right left side/ton of reason 70 yuan.The 1 year disposal of garbage expense in small towns of 50,000 populations is 3,500,000 yuan.Rural garbage process can not apply mechanically the pattern for the treatment of of urban garbage: be different from municipal wastes, and rural garbage composition is more complicated, it is wide to distribute, it is more difficult to collect, and can not apply mechanically the disposal pattern of municipal wastes.Achieved the area that rural garbage focuses at present, common pattern is " village's collection, township's transhipment, county's process ".Imagine a town and have tens of, up to a hundred villages, there is again dozens of small towns in a county, and cram packer needs to turn all over each village, finally rubbish is transported to the concentrated landfill place in city, 1 year Nonstop running.The height of logistics cost wherein and system operating cost, not hard to imagine.Treatment in situ is outlet: in the process of rural garbage, classification is still a general orientation.Because rural human resources is enriched, the feature that trans-utilization rate is high on the spot, sets about from source, give full play to the effect of single household, digest all rubbish, increase burden to environment society and government, the new model setting up rural garbage resource utilization clean utilization is only fundamental solution.At present, the farmland in rural area generally seriously lacks organic matter, make production declining, quality reduces, on the other hand rural area has the organic fertilizer raw material that pile up like a mountain to become rubbish and contaminate environment, government also will spend a large amount of manpower financial capacities and go process, for the contradictory problems become increasingly conspicuous like this, must propose to improve.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves: a kind of method utilizing rural garbage retting biological organic fertilizer is provided, efficiently is classified in source in rural garbage, sorted organic domestic waste and maize straw etc. are in units of family, through fermentable, deodorizing and after becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, be made into biological organic fertilizer.
The technical solution used in the present invention: the method utilizing rural garbage retting biological organic fertilizer, comprises following step:
1) each household farmers' digs and makes compost pond and be used for fertile fertile before oneself farmland;
2) each household farmers' prepares 2 refuse containers, rural garbage is sorted, reject inorganic refuse and plastics rubbish, remaining organic waste is classified, by organic waste maize straw, leaf after sorting, dish leaf, weeds are crushed to 5cm, deposit in different refuse containers, and going in field takes on the way during dry farm work puts into that to make compost pond fertile fertile.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, first by organic waste maize straw, the leaf after sorting, dish leaf, weeds are pulverized, and then they and human and animal excreta, the remains of a meal are mixed to get mixing raw material in the ratio of 18:10; Secondly by for subsequent use for mixing raw material 200kg, again Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran and benefit increasingly plants bacterium liquid fully mix in the ratio of 10:0.5 after prepare burden in centre, centre batching is sprinkling upon mixing raw material top layer for subsequent use, obtain after manually equably centre batching and mixing raw material being stirred and finally prepare burden, the water content that GPRS is finally prepared burden, moisture controlled is about 60%-70%, as moisture content is inadequate, can add water in right amount, water with hand by finally prepare burden the group of pinching, hand seam water breakthrough but do not drip is loosed one's grip to land and being fallen loose being advisable, and moisture is excessive or too smallly all can affect fermented quality; Finally the final batching be stirred is piled dig make compost in pond, upper cover straw screen or mat or hessian cloth carry out aerobic fermentation composting, or lid layer loess, the moisture content of making compost in pond is absorbed by loess, and not polluted underground water, and due to make compost pond internal surface loess viscosity and seal, form comparatively airtight shell, not out, not polluted air, also promotes the fermentation of making compost and finally preparing burden in pond to the waste gas ease produced.
Further, final batching rises to 50 DEG C making compost temperature in 24 hours of banking up in pond, and in 48 hours, temperature can rise to 60-70 DEG C, and temperature during fermentation can kill all pathogeny bacterium and worm's ovum, grass-seed; Heap stack retting composting needs 4 days summer, and spring and autumn needs 6 days, and winter generally needs 10 days, treats that final batching covers with white hypha up and down and namely all becomes thoroughly decomposed, and stench disappears, and directly can be used in farm crop.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art:
1, by residents in rural community at original-source by classification, other Harmful Waste can be avoided to enter into organic domestic waste, organic domestic waste recovery energy rate can be improved;
2, organic domestic waste is implemented classification, waste transportation amount can be reduced, reduce waste transportation and final processing cost
3, organic domestic waste and the anaerobic fermentation such as maize straw, human and animal excreta, can avoid the limitation of single material fermentation;
4, using organic domestic waste as a kind of resource, not only solve residents in rural community pollution problem, soil, culture fertility can be improved again, and increase crop yield and improve quality of agricultural product;
5, the bio-organic fertilizer be fermented into has pollution-free, nuisanceless, scientific formulation, nutrient are complete, activating soil, increase fertilizer efficiency, low cost, high production, improve product quality, reduce harmful accumulation, improve Cultivated-land Fertility, improve fertilizer provision from soil environment, suppress disease and pest, promote the feature of crop precocity; Simple to operate, easy to use, practical, can at rural area large-scale promotion application.
Embodiment
Utilize the method for rural garbage retting biological organic fertilizer, comprise following step:
1) each household farmers' digs and makes compost pond and be used for fertile fertile before oneself farmland, generally digs two and is used alternatingly;
2) each household farmers' prepares 2 refuse containers, rural garbage is sorted, reject inorganic refuse and plastics rubbish, remaining organic waste is classified, by organic waste maize straw, leaf after sorting, dish leaf, weeds are crushed to 5cm, deposit in different refuse containers, and going in field takes on the way during dry farm work puts into that to make compost pond fertile fertile.
Concrete steps are as follows: by organic waste maize straw, leaf after pulverizing, dish leaf, weeds, be mixed to get mix with human and animal excreta, the remains of a meal in the ratio of 18:10; Secondly by mixing raw material, secondly by mixing raw material 200kg, again Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran and benefit increasingly plants bacterium liquid fully mix in the ratio of 10:0.5 after prepare burden in centre, centre batching is sprinkling upon the top layer of mixing raw material, manually equably centre batching and mixing raw material are stirred finally prepare burden, the water content that GPRS is finally prepared burden, moisture controlled is about 60%-70%, as moisture content is inadequate, can add water in right amount.Moisture is excessive or too smallly all can affect fermented quality, with hand by the group of pinching of finally preparing burden, hand seam water breakthrough but do not drip to loose one's grip to land and falling loose being advisable; Finally the final batching be stirred is piled dig make compost in pond, upper cover straw screen or mat or hessian cloth carry out aerobic fermentation composting, or lid layer loess, the moisture content of making compost in pond is absorbed by loess, and not polluted underground water, and due to make compost pond internal surface loess viscosity and seal, form comparatively airtight shell, not out, not polluted air, also promotes the fermentation of making compost and finally preparing burden in pond to the waste gas ease produced.
According to the present invention, by the method that residents in rural community is classified be: configure 3 Miniature dustbins at rural area each household, be labeled as organic domestic waste, recyclable rubbish and Other Waste respectively; Every 20-30 family configures 1 medium-sized refuse container, is labeled as dangerous garbage, and each volume 200-220L of dangerous garbage bucket, need fill various old and useless battery, glass, pesticide bottle bag, rural medical treatment rubbish.Collected by village, township is transported to county town and does unified harmless treatment.
Final batching rises to 50 DEG C making compost temperature in 24 hours of banking up in pond, and in 48 hours, temperature can rise to 60-70 DEG C, and temperature during fermentation can kill all pathogeny bacterium and worm's ovum, grass-seed; Heap stack retting composting needs 4 days summer, and spring and autumn needs 6 days, and winter generally needs 10 days, treats that final batching covers with white hypha up and down and namely all becomes thoroughly decomposed, and stench disappears, and directly can be used in farm crop.
Effect that biological organic fertilizer has: conditioning soil, activate Soil Microorganism and enliven rate, overcome soil compaction, increase soil air permeability and subtract; Lack water loss and evaporation, alleviate arid pressure, fertilizer conservation, minimizing chemical fertilizer, alleviate saline and alkaline infringement, when reduce fertilizer amount or progressively replacing fertilizer, increase soil fertility, food crop, cash crop, greengrocery, melon and fruit class are significantly increased production; Improve quality of agricultural product, fruit lovely luster, head is neat, maturation is concentrated, melon agricultural-food sugar degree, vitamin contents are all improved, and mouthfeel is good, are conducive to expanding export, and improve price; Improve crop economical character, make crop stalk sturdy, leaf look dark green, blooms in advance, and do fruit rate high, fruit marketability is good, ahead of time Time To Market; Strengthen crop resistance and resistance, alleviate disease and soil-borne disease that crop causes because of continuous cropping, reduce sickness rate; There is good effect to the control of mosaic disease, balck shank, anthrax etc., strengthen crop to the integrated campaign ability of poor environment simultaneously.The minimizing of chemical fertilizer sowing amount, correspondingly reduces the content of nitrate in agricultural-food.
Test proves, bio-organic fertilizer can make nitrate salts content of vegetable on average reduce 48.3--87.7%, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content improve 5--20%, and vitamins C increases, and total acid content reduces, and reducing sugar increases, and sugar-acid ratio improves.
Chemical fertilizer and the fertilizer use plot of 3 years of arranging in pairs or groups is higher by 0.08% ~ 0.11% than the plot organic content of Single fertilizer, and Ammonifying bacteria increases by 260%, and aerobic vinelandii increase by 119%, and cellulose-decomposing bacteria increases by 600%.Grain high yield chemical fertilizer of fine quality and fertilizer are arranged in pairs or groups and are used on middle-and-low-yielding fields soil, and comparable Single fertilizer volume increase 10% ~ 20%, grain quality is also greatly improved.Minimizing chemical fertilizer loss chemical fertilizer and fertilizer are arranged in pairs or groups and can be reduced soil redox potential, reduce the nitrated of ammonia, also can reduce the volatilization loss of nitrogen.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer generally can be made to improve 10% ~ 15%.
Biomass fertilizer is widely used in the base manure of the various crop-plantings such as vegetables, fruit tree, wheat, paddy rice and topdresses.
The biological organic fertilizer that handy the present invention produces has compared following difference with common farm organic fertilizer:
One is beneficial microorganism difference, and biological organic fertilizer contains a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, and the activity of microorganism can improve soil physical and chemical property, suppresses harmful microbe growth, promotes plant growth; Farm manure content of microorganisms is less, beneficial microorganism and harmful microorganism symbiosis.
Two is the difference of fertilizer efficiency, and biological organic fertilizer fermentation time is short, and become thoroughly decomposed thoroughly, nutrient loss is few, and fertilizer efficiency is relatively very fast; The outdoor long-time accumulation of farm manure, nutrient (particularly nitrogen) loses more.
Three be security difference, biological organic fertilizer through beneficial microorganism effect, original sick worm harmful to plant growth in Eradication feces of livestock and poultry.In addition, biological organic fertilizer by fermentation, is manured into soil after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, and crop can not be caused to burn root, burn seedling, and farm manure becomes thoroughly decomposed thorough, consumption is slightly large, just there will be burning root, burns seedling, causes the underproduction.
In sum; biological organic fertilizer is used to have improvement soil, culture fertility; increase crop yield and improve quality of agricultural product effect; it is a kind of environment-friendly type fertilizer; the ecotope good to protection; there is very great meaning protection people ' s health aspect, and reaches the object of rural garbage recycling.
Above-described embodiment, just preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not used for limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore all equivalence changes done with content described in the claims in the present invention, all should be included within the claims in the present invention scope.
Claims (3)
1. utilize the method for rural garbage retting biological organic fertilizer, it is characterized in that comprising following step:
1) each household farmers' digs and makes compost pond and be used for fertile fertile before oneself farmland;
2) each household farmers' prepares 2 refuse containers, rural garbage is sorted, reject inorganic refuse and plastics rubbish, remaining organic waste is classified, by organic waste maize straw, leaf after sorting, dish leaf, weeds are crushed to 5cm, deposit in different refuse containers, and going in field takes on the way during dry farm work puts into that to make compost pond fertile fertile.
2. the method utilizing rural garbage retting biological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps 2) in, first by organic waste maize straw, the leaf after pulverizing, dish leaf, weeds, obtain mixing raw material after mixing with human and animal excreta, the remains of a meal in the ratio of 18:10; Secondly by for subsequent use for mixing raw material 200kg, again Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran and benefit increasingly plants bacterium liquid fully mix in the ratio of 10:0.5 after prepare burden in centre, centre batching is sprinkling upon mixing raw material top layer for subsequent use, obtain after manually equably centre batching and mixing raw material being stirred and finally prepare burden, moisture controlled is about 60%-70%, as moisture content is inadequate, can add water in right amount, the water content that GPRS is finally prepared burden, with with hand by the group of pinching of finally preparing burden, hand seam water breakthrough but do not drip is loosed one's grip to land and being fallen loose being advisable; Finally the final batching be stirred is piled dig make compost in pond, upper cover straw screen or mat or hessian cloth carry out aerobic fermentation composting, or lid layer loess, the moisture content of making compost in pond is absorbed by loess, and not polluted underground water, and due to make compost pond internal surface loess viscosity and seal, form comparatively airtight shell, not out, not polluted air, also promotes the fermentation of making compost and finally preparing burden in pond to the waste gas ease produced.
3. the method utilizing rural garbage retting biological organic fertilizer according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: final batching rises to 50 DEG C making compost temperature in 24 hours of banking up in pond, in 48 hours, temperature can rise to 60-70 DEG C, and temperature during fermentation can kill all pathogeny bacterium and worm's ovum, grass-seed; Heap stack retting composting needs 4 days summer, and spring and autumn needs 6 days, and winter generally needs 10 days, treats that final batching covers with white hypha up and down and namely all becomes thoroughly decomposed, and stench disappears, and directly can be used in farm crop.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105777258A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-20 | 河南科技大学 | Method for making sludge into nutrient soil through anaerobic fermentation |
| CN108530124A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-09-14 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | A kind of vegetables waste dish carries out Fertilizer Transformed reutilization technology by making compost method |
| CN109942176A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-06-28 | 山东碧宇环保工程有限公司 | A kind of lavatory rural area Han Gai treatment for cow manure method |
| CN114315465A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-12 | 南京阿米巴农业科技研究院有限公司 | Plant growth promoter containing endogenous substances and fertilizer thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114315465A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-12 | 南京阿米巴农业科技研究院有限公司 | Plant growth promoter containing endogenous substances and fertilizer thereof |
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