CN102942395A - Preparation method of aerobic high-temperature static compost by using corrosion-promoting compost composite fermentation bacteria agent - Google Patents
Preparation method of aerobic high-temperature static compost by using corrosion-promoting compost composite fermentation bacteria agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of aerobic high-temperature static compost and discloses a preparation method of the aerobic high-temperature static compost by using corrosion-promoting compost composite fermentation bacteria inoculants. The preparation method includes that an indigenous microorganism strain indigenous bacteria agent and thermophilic bacteria thermophilic fat bacilli are combined to be prepared into composite microbial inoculants, temperature of a pile rises rapidly in early access of a compost substrate, previous time of pile fermentation is shortened, activity of substrate microorganism is enhanced, and the compost enters a high-temperature stage in a shortest time. Through activity of thermophilic bacteria and oxygen leading in the pile, rapid decomposition is achieved, and therefore compost quality is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of aerobic high-heat static compost, relate in particular to a kind of the utilization and urge the preparation method that rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost.
Background technology
Development along with industrial or agricultural, municipal sludge, rubbish, the generation of feces of livestock and poultry grows with each passing day, harm ecotope and human health that these solid waste are serious, but the angle analysis from the utilization of resources, these solid waste are take organic matter as main, and contain a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, the nutritive ingredient such as sulphur and various trace elements, through processing, can become good agricultural fertilizer, aerobic fermentation is the effective ways of at present the most frequently used innoxious and recycling treatment feces of livestock and poultry, in the fermenting process, under the Degradation of microorganism, not only can generate in a large number the available nitrogen that can be utilized by plant absorbing, phosphorus, potassium compound can synthesize new macromolecule organic--soil ulmin again simultaneously, is the important active substances that consists of soil fertility.Because compost is a kind of biology technological process, different steps at composting process is different to the microbial population that organic degraded plays a crucial role, the various parameters that will control in technological process are exactly that those are influential through factor to microorganism, because they determine the degree of microbial activities, and then affect speed and the quality of compost.Yet traditional spontaneous fermentation is because the kind of contained indigenous microorganism and the restriction of limited amount and technological condition for fermentation, exists that fermentation period is long, the fertilizer efficiency of leavened prod is low, environment is caused secondary pollution problems, limited its large-scale application.
At present, have been reported with the research that improves fermentation efficiency by Vaccination Extraneous Source Microorganism microbial inoculum in material, but about indigenous microorganism and thermophilic microorganism are still rarely reported in conjunction with the research of the process parameter optimizing aspect of the short rotten indigenous microorganism microbial inoculum of producing and aerobic fermentation, in the compost treatment technology, how to access in early days inoculating microbe at compost promotes to be rapidly heated, and reduce rapidly the pH value of compost, shorten time and the process of prior fermentation, with the growth of indigenous microorganism in the promotion substrate, thereby the efficient that improves fiber degradation is the new problem in present compost fermentation field.
Report in a large number about the compost inoculation is existing both at home and abroad in addition, the microorganism of its inoculation mostly belongs to mesothermal microbiobacterial agent, although they can shorten compost and start fermentation time, but because the microorganism that inoculates will be dead rapidly within the pliotherm period, therefore be cooldown period after the of short duration pliotherm period, the compost maturity time is still longer, and it is not thorough to become thoroughly decomposed, and is difficult to reach the compost maturity effect of people's expection.
Summary of the invention
Inefficiency, the heap body fermentation that the present invention is directed to fiber degradation in the compost that exists in the prior art be long, become thoroughly decomposed thoroughly, be difficult to promote compost quality and reach the shortcoming of the compost maturity effect of people's expection, provides a kind of economic, practical short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum of utilization to carry out the preparation method of aerobic high-heat static compost.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is solved by following technical proposals:
First step: be to be mixed and made into fermentation materials in 4: 6 or 3: 7 by weight with the stalk that crushes and organic materials, the water content of fermentation materials is 55-65%, and is stand-by;
Second step: collection, enlarged culturing by indigenous bacterium make solid original inhabitants bacteria agent, aerated culture is made the bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide in solid slant culture by bacstearothermophilus (Bacillus stearothermophilus), enlarged culturing, the fermentor tank, again with the solid that makes original inhabitants' bacteria agent and bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide by weight 2-3: it is a, stand-by that 1 ratio is mixed and made into short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum;
Third step: get 6g Mierocrystalline cellulose, 2g starch, 2g wheat bran, 3g extractum carnis, 2g peptone, 3g glucose, 900mL soil extraction, 5gNaCl, 2.5g KH2PO4,100mLpH value and be 7.2 H2O and make a activator, accumulative total is made 50 parts, and is stand-by;
The 4th step: get 50 parts in 1 part of the above-mentioned short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum that makes and activator and mix, add 1-2 part fermentation materials after 2-3 hour and fully stir and oxygenation 8-10 hour, then evenly be inoculated in the ratio that accounts for fermentation materials weight 0.05%-0.15% and be mixed into the inoculation fermentation material in the fermentation materials;
The 5th step: the preparation of aeration equipment: the pvc pipe of getting 40mm is made a long 6m, the rectangle frame of wide 1.5m, it is the 1.2-1.5mm hole that the every 10cm of tube wall bores 1 diameter, the through-type gas blower of external 350-400w, place dung yard on the ground ventilated box, one deck anti-blocked nylon shioze of tube wall aperture in pvc pipe upper berth is weaved cotton cloth or shading screen, establish three diameter 8-12cm at rectangle frame center, high 1.6-1.8m uses straw, the usefulness of the stalk Shu Zuowei ventilation that straw bundlees, centered by the stalk bundle, the compost substrate is piled high 1.5m, long 8m, the rectangular stacking of wide 2.5-3m, section form are trapezoidal;
The 6th step: mixed inoculation fermentation bank in above-mentioned the 4th step is placed on the above-mentioned aeration equipment, ventilate to stacking by gas blower, the air flow that the inoculation fermentation material begins temperature rise period and thermophilic fermentation stage is 2-4m3/h, the air flow of cooling fermentation stage is 0.5-1.5m3/h, finally finishes the process that short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost.
According to above-mentioned preparation process, adopt indigenous microorganism bacterial classification original inhabitants' bacteria agent and thermophile bacteria bacstearothermophilus in conjunction with being prepared into composite fungus agent, access in early days at fermentation materials, the fast lifting heap temperature, shorten the time in early stage of heap body fermentation, strengthen the activity of substrate microorganism, the chien shih compost enters hot stage when the shortest, logical oxygen in activity by thermophile bacteria and the stacking, realizing that speed becomes thoroughly decomposed, and then promote above-mentioned various organic these composting process that add of compost quality, can be under normal temperature (more than 15 ℃), heat up rapidly, just can reach a high temperature the phase in 3 days, compost temperature was at sustainable 8-12 of time more than 55 ℃ days, and top temperature can reach more than 80 ℃, be conducive to decomposition and the humify of the organic matter of compost, cause deodorization, dehydration can be become thoroughly decomposed about 10 days fully.And the bacterium in the indigenous microorganism, fungi are composited, mutual antagonism not, synergy.After temperature surpasses 60 ℃, bacstearothermophilus breeds rapidly, in high temperature not only fast with organic matter decomposition and humify, and kill most germs and the viruses such as weed seed in the windrow, roundworm egg and intestinal bacteria, this preparation method purposes is wide, use safety, can process the gas chromatography material, and is nontoxic, harmless, pollution-free, material is through mineral simultaneously, and nutrient becomes available state and quick-acting attitude by invalid attitude and slow attitude; Through humify, produce a large amount of humic acid, stimulate plant growth.And from stacking bottom oxygen supply, without the stink generation of the effect of being sick of.
As preferably, the organic materials in the described first step is the animal dead meal in animal excrement or organic domestic waste or slaughterhouse, and the length of the stalk that crushes in the described first step is 1cm-5cm.
As preferably, in the described second step collection of indigenous bacterium be get the half-cooked boiled rices of some kilograms pack into clean wooden case, cover rice paper, airtight wooden case port, wooden case and partly imbed the vegetable plot, allow the indigenous bacterium of periphery slip in the rice, finally form indigenous bacterium bacterium colony at rice; The enlarged culturing of described indigenous bacterium is to be 2-3 with brown sugar according to weight ratio with the rice with indigenous bacterium bacterium colony: 1 ratio mixes the jar sealing of packing into and places until become dense thick liquid state, be that 1: 1 ratio is mixed and mixed sterilization wheat bran, air-dry processing after the fermentation according to weight ratio again; The prescription of the slant culture base fluid that described bacstearothermophilus solid slant culture is required is 8-12g, peptone, 2-5g beef extract, 4-6g sodium-chlor, 14-16g agar, 1L distilled water; The prescription of the seed culture fluid that described bacstearothermophilus enlarged culturing is required is 8-12g peptone, 2-5g beef extract, 4-6g sodium-chlor, 1L distilled water; Described bacstearothermophilus aerated culture in fermentor tank is that the inoculum size of bacstearothermophilus after the enlarged culturing with 4%-6% (V/V) is seeded in the fermentor tank that substratum is housed, the ratio that with cultured bacstearothermophilus liquid according to weight ratio is 1: 1 is inoculated into it in the wheat bran through high-temperature sterilization, then puts back to and continues air-dry processing behind the aerated culture fermentation 36-48h in the fermentor tank.
As preferably, getting 50 parts in 1 part of the above-mentioned short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum that makes and activator in described the 4th step mixes, add 1 part of fermentation materials after 2 hours and fully stir also oxygenation 8 hours, then evenly be inoculated in the fermentation materials in the ratio that accounts for fermentation materials weight 0.1% and mix.
As preferably, the inoculation fermentation material begins the temperature rise period and thermophilic fermentation stage air flow is 2m3/h in described the 6th step, and cooling fermentation stage air flow is 1m3/h.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, adopt indigenous microorganism bacterial classification original inhabitants' bacteria agent and thermophile bacteria bacstearothermophilus in conjunction with being prepared into composite fungus agent, access in early days at fermentation materials, fast lifting heap temperature and reduction heap body pH value shorten the time in early stage of piling the body fermentation, the activity of enhancing substrate microorganism, the chien shih compost enters hot stage when the shortest, logical oxygen becomes thoroughly decomposed to realize speed in activity by thermophile bacteria and the stacking, thereby promotes compost quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the compost temperature effect comparison diagram of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum in the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the variation comparison diagram of the composting C/N that does not inoculate microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is that the compost content of humic acid of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum among the embodiment 1 changes comparison diagram;
Fig. 4 is the mensuration comparison diagram of the compost germination index of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 5 is the compost temperature effect comparison diagram of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum among the embodiment 2;
Fig. 6 is the variation comparison diagram of the composting C/N that does not inoculate microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum of embodiment 2;
Fig. 7 is that the compost content of humic acid of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum among the embodiment 2 changes comparison diagram;
Fig. 8 is the mensuration comparison diagram of the compost germination index of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum among the embodiment 2;
Fig. 9 is the compost temperature effect comparison diagram of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum among the embodiment 3;
Figure 10 is the variation comparison diagram of the composting C/N that does not inoculate microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum of embodiment 3;
Figure 11 is that the compost content of humic acid of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum of embodiment 3 changes comparison diagram;
Figure 12 is the mensuration comparison diagram of the compost germination index of not inoculating microbial inoculum and inoculation microbial inoculum of embodiment 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
A kind of utilization urged the preparation method that rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost, and its step is as follows:
First step: the stalk that crushes is mixed with pig manure, and both weight ratios are 4: 6, make fermentation materials, and its water content is 55%; The length of the described stalk that crushes is 1cm.
Second step: 1, indigenous bacterium gathers, the half-cooked boiled rice of namely the getting 1.5kg clean boxes of packing into, half-cooked boiled rice occupies 1/3rd of boxes internal volume, the length of clean boxes is the wide 20cm of being of 30cm, the high 10cm of being, cover rice paper at half-cooked boiled rice, behind the airtight boxes port, 1/3 part of boxes volume is imbedded in the vegetable plot of the complete vegetables of firm results, allow the indigenous bacterium of periphery slip in the rice, through 5 days, form white indigenous bacterium bacterium colony and pink colour original inhabitants bacterium bacterium colony at rice; 2, indigenous bacterium enlarged culturing, namely take out the rice of above-mentioned band original inhabitants bacterium bacterium colony, mix brown sugar according to 2: 1 ratio of weight ratio, the jar of packing into after mixing, cover rice paper, then sealing is placed on the place of 18 ℃ of temperature, approximately placed about 7 days, rice with indigenous bacterium bacterium colony becomes dense thick liquid state with the mixture of brown sugar, mix according to 1: 1 ratio of weight ratio and mix the sterilization wheat bran, fermentation air-dry processing after 48 hours in jar, make solid original inhabitants bacteria agent, stand-by; 3, bacstearothermophilus solid slant culture, namely get 10g peptone, 3g beef extract, 5g sodium-chlor, 15g agar, 1L distilled water bevel substratum, get the bacstearothermophilus bacterial classification and access above-mentioned solid slant culture base, culture temperature is 40 ℃, incubation time 16 hours; 4, bacstearothermophilus enlarged culturing, namely get 10g peptone, 3g beef extract, 5g sodium-chlor, 1L distilled water and make seed culture fluid, bacstearothermophilus is seeded to enlarged culturing the above-mentioned seed culture fluid from the solid slant culture base of preservation, concrete operation step is the triangular flask of the every 1000ml inoculum 200ml that packs into, under the condition of 55 ℃ temperature, set rotating speed 160rpm, cultivated 24 hours with rotary shaker, liquid spawn after the cultivation is adopted the colony counting method counting, bacterium count content reach 1 * 109/more than the ml; 5, aerated culture in the fermentor tank, namely after the bacstearothermophilus enlarged culturing, liquid spawn is seeded to capacity that substratum is housed aerated culture in the fermentor tank of 5L take the inoculum size of 4% (V/V), 55 ℃ of culture temperature, mixing speed 30rpm, air flow 0.6m3/h.Incubation time 22 hours, cultured bacstearothermophilus liquid is inoculated into it in sterilization wheat bran according to 1: 1 ratio of weight ratio, then put back to and continue aerated culture fermentation 48h in the fermentor tank, carry out at last air-dry processing, make the bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide.The solid that makes original inhabitants' bacteria agent and bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide mixed by weight 2: 1 ratio to be made into short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum a, stand-by;
Third step: get 6g Mierocrystalline cellulose, 2g starch, 2g wheat bran, 3g extractum carnis, 2g peptone, 3g glucose, 900mL soil extraction, 5gNaCl, 2.5g KH2PO4,100mLpH value and be 7.2 H2O and make a activator, accumulative total is made 50 parts, and is stand-by;
The 4th step: get 50 parts in 1 part of the above-mentioned short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum that makes and activator and mix, add 1 part of fermentation materials after 2 hours and fully stir also oxygenation 8 hours, then evenly be inoculated in the ratio of fermentation materials weight 0.1% and be mixed into the inoculation fermentation material in the fermentation materials, water content is controlled at about 60%;
The 5th step: the preparation of aeration equipment: the pvc pipe of getting 40mm is made a long 6m, the rectangle frame of wide 1.5m, it is the 1.5mm hole that the every 10cm of tube wall bores 1 diameter, the through-type gas blower of external 350w, place dung yard on the ground ventilated box, one deck anti-blocked nylon shioze of tube wall aperture in pvc pipe upper berth is weaved cotton cloth or shading screen, establish three diameter 8cm at rectangle frame center, high 1.6m uses straw, the usefulness of the stalk Shu Zuowei ventilation that straw bundlees, centered by the stalk bundle, fermentation materials piled high 1.5m, long 8m, the rectangular stacking of wide 2.5m, section form are trapezoidal;
The 6th step: mixed inoculation fermentation bank in above-mentioned the 4th step is placed on the above-mentioned aeration equipment, ventilate to stacking by gas blower, air flow is controlled with gas meter, windrow begins the temperature rise period and thermophilic fermentation stage air flow is 2m3/h, to promote that compost temperature rises rapidly, accelerate the During High-Temperature Composting fermenting speed, cooling fermentation stage air flow is 1m3/h, finally finishes the process that short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost.
In the above-mentioned composting process, short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum is the short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum of JR-1, adopt the combination of indigenous microorganism bacterial classification and thermophile bacteria to be prepared into the short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum of JR-1, access in early days at fermentation materials, fast lifting heap temperature and reduction heap body pH value, shorten the time in early stage of heap body fermentation, strengthen the activity of fermentation materials microorganism, the chien shih compost enters hot stage when the shortest, logical oxygen in activity by thermophile bacteria and the stacking, realizing that speed becomes thoroughly decomposed, thereby promote compost quality.
Comparative Examples 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), the compost fermentation initial temperature is apparently higher than contrast, and significant difference, the processing of inoculation microbial inoculum is higher 15～20 ℃ than the control fermentation temperature-averaging of not inoculating microbial inoculum, this processing just can reach high temperature more than 50 ° at the fermentation first day, is elevated to rapidly between 70-81 ℃ the 5th day to the 12nd day temperature.And control group temperature after the 9th day just can reach more than 55 ℃, and the 11st day heap turns over rear temperature and be down to 30 ℃, then continues to heat up.Illustrate that the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 can improve the compost fermentation calefaction speed in early stage, accelerate the compost fermentation process, be conducive to the quick composting of compost.The simultaneously rapid rising of compost fermentation temperature in early stage is conducive to kill the pathogenic bacteria in the fermentation materials etc., can eliminate the disadvantageous objectionable impurities of plant-growth.This explanation thermophile bacteria has played critical effect in the process that compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed.
As shown in Figure 2, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), the C/N general morphologictrend is consistent in whole fermenting process, and is all on a declining curve.The inoculation compost is reduced to below 20: 1 from initial 30: 1 to fermenting latter stage, and the contrast compost only is reduced to 25: 1, and variation tendency is very little.International academic community generally believed C/N less than 20: 1 o'clock, and compost namely begins to enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and according to this index, the inoculation group compost just can enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed later at the 11st day, and the control group compost did not also enter later on maturity at 15 days.The compound short rotten fermenting agent of this explanation inoculation JR-1 can obviously improve the degradation rate of organic substance in the compost fermentation, and this can shorten the fermentation period of compost to a certain extent.
As shown in Figure 3, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), two fermentations heap content of humic acid entire change is all in rising trend, the inoculation group compost can reach 140g/kg at the 6th day content of humic acid of fermentation, and the control group compost only was increased to 90g/kg from fermentation 80g/kg originally on the 6th day in fermentation.During two groups of compost fermentations to 15 day, the compost content of humic acid of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 can reach 180g/kg, inoculates like this microbial inoculum compost and totally exceeds 41.6g/kg than traditional zymotic compost content of humic acid.The compound short rotten fermenting agent of this explanation inoculation JR-1 is conducive to the formation of compost humic acid, and humic acid can improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer greatly as a kind of organic matter, improves the total quality of fertilizer, for plant growth provides certain nutritive substance.
The seed germination index not only can detect the phytotoxicity level of compost sample, and can predict the phytotoxic variation of compost.As can be seen from Figure 4, the inoculation compost was fermentation the 5th day, and the seed germination index can reach 65%, and the contrast compost only is 30%.During two groups of compost fermentations to 15 day, the inoculation compost is respectively 84.3% and 42%, significant difference with contrast compost germination index.Academia thinks if germination index 〉=50%, shows that compost has become thoroughly decomposed and reached acceptable degree, does not namely have toxicity substantially.So in this experiment, in the time of the 3rd day, germination index just can reach 50% to the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 in fermentation, namely enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and traditional zymotic compost (contrast compost) is in the time of the 15th day, and germination index only is 42%, does not meet the requirements of 50%.Therefore, inoculation JR-1 compound short rotten fermenting agent has improved the percentage of germination of seed to a great extent, and becomes thoroughly decomposed fully, has basically eliminated the restraining effect to seed germination that the not complete ripeness owing to compost causes.This is that time pliotherm period is relatively long, thereby windrow becomes thoroughly decomposed more complete because inoculate the compost quick heating.
Embodiment 2
A kind of utilization urged the preparation method that rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost, and its step is as follows:
First step: with the stalk that crushes and the digestion of organic fraction of municipal after sieving make raw material, organic domestic waste accounts for 60% of compost cumulative volume, and the stalk that crushes accounts for 40% of cumulative volume, makes fermentation materials, both weight ratios are 3: 7, and the water content of fermented mixture material is 55%; The length of the described stalk that crushes is 5cm.
Second step: 1, indigenous bacterium gathers, the half-cooked boiled rice of namely the getting 2.5kg clean boxes of packing into, half-cooked boiled rice occupies 1/3rd of boxes internal volume, the length of clean boxes is the wide 20cm of being of 30cm, the high 10cm of being, cover rice paper at half-cooked boiled rice, behind the airtight boxes port, 1/2 part of boxes volume is imbedded in the vegetable plot of the complete vegetables of firm results, allow the indigenous bacterium of periphery slip in the rice, through 8 days, form white indigenous bacterium bacterium colony and pink colour original inhabitants bacterium bacterium colony at rice; 2, indigenous bacterium enlarged culturing, namely take out the rice of above-mentioned band original inhabitants bacterium bacterium colony, mix brown sugar according to 3: 1 ratio of weight ratio, the jar of packing into after mixing, cover rice paper, then sealing is placed on the place of 22 ℃ of temperature, approximately placed about 10 days, rice with indigenous bacterium bacterium colony becomes dense thick liquid state with the mixture of brown sugar, mix according to 1: 1 ratio of weight ratio and mix the sterilization wheat bran, fermentation air-dry processing after 48 hours in jar, make solid original inhabitants bacteria agent, stand-by; 3, bacstearothermophilus solid slant culture, namely get 12g peptone, 5g beef extract, 6g sodium-chlor, 16g agar, 1L distilled water bevel substratum, get the bacstearothermophilus bacterial classification and access above-mentioned solid slant culture base, culture temperature is 50 ℃, incubation time 24 hours; 4, bacstearothermophilus enlarged culturing, namely get 10g peptone, 3g beef extract, 5g sodium-chlor, 1L distilled water and make seed culture fluid, bacstearothermophilus is seeded to enlarged culturing the above-mentioned seed culture fluid from the solid slant culture base of preservation, concrete operation step is at the triangular flask of the 1000ml inoculum 200ml that packs into, under the condition of 55 ℃ temperature, set rotating speed 240rpm, cultivated 36 hours with rotary shaker, liquid spawn after the cultivation is adopted the colony counting method counting, bacterium count content reach 1 * 109/more than the ml; 5, aerated culture in the fermentor tank, namely after the bacstearothermophilus enlarged culturing, liquid spawn is seeded to capacity that substratum is housed aerated culture in the fermentor tank of 5L take the inoculum size of 6% (V/V), 65 ℃ of culture temperature, mixing speed 60rpm, air flow 1.2m3/h, incubation time 28 hours, cultured bacstearothermophilus liquid is inoculated into it in sterilization wheat bran according to 1: 1 ratio of weight ratio, then put back to and continue aerated culture fermentation 48h in the fermentor tank, carry out at last air-dry processing, make the bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide; 6, the solid that makes original inhabitants' bacteria agent and the bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide that makes are mixed in 3: 1 ratio be made into short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum.
Third step: get 6g Mierocrystalline cellulose, 2g starch, 2g wheat bran, 3g extractum carnis, 2g peptone, 3g glucose, 900mL soil extraction, 5gNaCl, 2.5g KH2PO4,100mLpH value and be 7.2 H2O and make a activator, accumulative total make 50 parts stand-by;
The 4th step: get 50 parts in 1 part of the above-mentioned short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum that makes and activator and mix, add 1-2 part fermentation materials after 2-3 hour and fully stir and oxygenation 8-10 hour, then evenly be inoculated in the ratio that accounts for fermentation materials weight 0.08% and be mixed into the inoculation fermentation material in the fermentation materials;
The 5th step: the preparation of aeration equipment: the pvc pipe of getting 40mm is made a long 4m, the rectangle frame of wide 1.5m, it is the 1.2mm hole that the every 10cm of tube wall bores 1 diameter, the through-type gas blower of external 400w, place dung yard on the ground ventilated box, one deck anti-blocked nylon shioze of tube wall aperture in pvc pipe upper berth is weaved cotton cloth or shading screen, establish three diameter 12cm at rectangle frame center, the usefulness of the stalk Shu Zuowei ventilation that bundlees with straw of high 1.8m, fermentation materials is piled the rectangular stacking of high 1.5m, long 8m, wide 3m centered by the stalk bundle, section form is trapezoidal.
The 6th step: mixed inoculation fermentation bank in above-mentioned the 4th step is placed on the above-mentioned aeration equipment, ventilate to stacking by gas blower, air flow is controlled with gas meter, windrow begins the temperature rise period and thermophilic fermentation stage air flow is 2-4m3/h, to promote that compost temperature rises rapidly, accelerate the During High-Temperature Composting fermenting speed, cooling fermentation stage air flow is 1m3/h, finally finishes the process that short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost.
Comparative Examples 2:
As shown in Figure 5, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), the compost fermentation initial temperature is apparently higher than contrast, and significant difference, the processing of inoculation microbial inoculum is higher 20～25 ℃ than the control fermentation temperature-averaging of not inoculating microbial inoculum, the high temperature that this processing just can reach more than 50 ° in fermentation on the 2nd day, temperature is elevated to rapidly 80 ℃ in the time of the 8th day.And control group temperature after the 7th day just can reach more than 50 ℃, and the 10th day heap turns over rear temperature and be down to below 30 ℃, then continues to heat up.Illustrate that the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 can improve the compost fermentation calefaction speed in early stage, accelerate the compost fermentation process, be conducive to the quick composting of compost.The simultaneously rapid rising of compost fermentation temperature in early stage is conducive to kill the pathogenic bacteria in the fermentation materials etc., can eliminate the disadvantageous objectionable impurities of plant-growth.This explanation thermophile bacteria has played critical effect in the process that compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Data can be found out from Fig. 6, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), the C/N general morphologictrend is consistent in whole fermenting process, and is all on a declining curve.The inoculation compost is reduced to below 20: 1 from initial 28: 1 to fermenting latter stage, and the contrast compost only is reduced to 26: 1, and variation tendency is very little.International academic community generally believed C/N less than 20: 1 o'clock, and compost namely begins to enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and according to this index, the inoculation group compost just can enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed later at the 13rd day, and the control group compost did not also enter later on maturity at 15 days.The compound short rotten fermenting agent of this explanation inoculation JR-1 can obviously improve the degradation rate of organic substance in the compost fermentation, and this can shorten the fermentation period of compost to a certain extent.
From Fig. 7 content of humic acid change curve as seen, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), two fermentations heap content of humic acid entire change is all in rising trend, the inoculation group compost can reach 141g/kg at the 6th day content of humic acid of fermentation, and the control group compost only was increased to 95g/kg from fermentation 80g/kg originally on the 6th day in fermentation.During two groups of compost fermentations to 15 day, the compost content of humic acid of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 can reach 175g/kg, inoculates like this microbial inoculum compost and totally exceeds 39.3g/kg than traditional zymotic compost content of humic acid.The compound short rotten fermenting agent of this explanation inoculation JR-1 is conducive to the formation of compost humic acid, and humic acid can improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer greatly as a kind of organic matter, improves the total quality of fertilizer, for plant growth provides certain nutritive substance.
The seed germination index not only can detect the phytotoxicity level of compost sample, and can predict the phytotoxic variation of compost, as can be seen from Figure 8, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), the inoculation compost was fermentation the 5th day, the seed germination index can reach 55%, and the contrast compost only is 21%.During two groups of compost fermentations to 15 day, the inoculation compost is respectively 82.3% and 38%, significant difference with contrast compost germination index.Academia thinks if GI 〉=50%, shows that compost has become thoroughly decomposed and reached acceptable degree, does not namely have toxicity substantially.So in this experiment, in the time of the 4th day, germination index just can reach 50% to the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 in fermentation, namely enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and traditional zymotic compost (contrast compost) is in the time of the 15th day, and germination index only is 38%, does not meet the requirements of 50%.Therefore, inoculation JR-1 compound short rotten fermenting agent has improved the percentage of germination of seed to a great extent, and becomes thoroughly decomposed fully, has basically eliminated the restraining effect to seed germination that the not complete ripeness owing to compost causes.This is that time pliotherm period is relatively long, thereby windrow becomes thoroughly decomposed more complete because inoculate the compost quick heating.
Embodiment 3
A kind of utilization urged the preparation method that rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost, and its step is as follows:
First step: the stalk that crushes is mixed with the animal dead meal (mainly contain ight soil, the chicken feather of pig, ox, sheep and butcher tankage) in slaughterhouse, respectively account for 50% of compost, make fermentation materials.The particle diameter of the described stalk that crushes is 1cm-5cm.
Second step: 1, indigenous bacterium gathers, the half-cooked boiled rice of namely the getting 2kg clean boxes of packing into, half-cooked boiled rice occupies 1/3rd of boxes internal volume, the length of clean boxes is the wide 25cm of being of 35cm, the high 12cm of being, cover rice paper at half-cooked boiled rice, behind the airtight boxes port, 1/2 part of boxes volume is imbedded in the vegetable plot of the complete vegetables of firm results, allow the indigenous bacterium of periphery slip in the rice, through 8 days, form white indigenous bacterium bacterium colony and pink colour original inhabitants bacterium bacterium colony at rice; 2, indigenous bacterium enlarged culturing, namely take out the rice of above-mentioned band original inhabitants bacterium bacterium colony, ratio according to 2.5: 1 is mixed brown sugar, the jar of packing into after mixing, covers rice paper, and then sealing is placed on the place of 20 ℃ of temperature, approximately placed about 8 days, rice with indigenous bacterium bacterium colony becomes dense thick liquid state with the mixture of brown sugar, mix according to 1: 1 ratio of weight ratio and mix the sterilization wheat bran, fermentation air-dry processing after 48 hours in jar, make solid original inhabitants bacteria agent, stand-by; 3, bacstearothermophilus solid slant culture, namely get 10g peptone, 3g beef extract, 5g sodium-chlor, 15g agar, 1L distilled water bevel substratum, get the bacstearothermophilus bacterial classification and access above-mentioned solid slant culture base, culture temperature is 45 ℃, incubation time 20 hours; 4, bacstearothermophilus enlarged culturing, namely get 10g peptone, 3g beef extract, 5g sodium-chlor, 1L distilled water and make seed culture fluid, bacstearothermophilus is seeded to enlarged culturing the above-mentioned seed culture fluid from the solid slant culture base of preservation, concrete operation step is at the triangular flask of the 1000ml inoculum 200ml that packs into, under the condition of 55 ℃ temperature, set rotating speed 200rpm, cultivated 30 hours with rotary shaker, liquid spawn after the cultivation is adopted the colony counting method counting, bacterium count content reach 1 * 109/more than the ml; 5, aerated culture in the fermentor tank, namely after the bacstearothermophilus enlarged culturing, liquid spawn is seeded to capacity that substratum is housed aerated culture in the fermentor tank of 5L take the inoculum size of 5% (V/V), 60 ℃ of culture temperature, mixing speed 45rpm, air flow 0.9m3/h, incubation time 24 hours, cultured bacstearothermophilus liquid is inoculated into it in sterilization wheat bran according to 1: 1 ratio of weight ratio, then put back to and continue aerated culture fermentation 48h in the fermentor tank, carry out at last air-dry processing, make the bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide.6, the solid that makes original inhabitants' bacteria agent and the bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide that makes are mixed in 2.5: 1 ratio be made into short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum.
Third step: get 6g Mierocrystalline cellulose, 2g starch, 2g wheat bran, 3g extractum carnis, 2g peptone, 3g glucose, 900mL soil extraction, 5gNaCl, 2.5g KH2PO4,100mLpH value and be 7.2 H2O and make a activator, accumulative total make 50 parts stand-by;
The 4th step: get 50 parts in 1 part of the above-mentioned short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum that makes and activator and mix, add 2 parts of fermentation materials after 2-3 hour and fully stir also oxygenation 10 hours, water content is controlled at about 60%, then evenly is inoculated in the ratio that accounts for fermentation materials weight 0.12% and is mixed into the inoculation fermentation material in the fermentation materials;
The 5th step: the preparation of aeration equipment: the pvc pipe of getting 40mm is made a long 4m, the rectangle frame of wide 1.5m, it is the 1.2mm hole that the every 10cm of tube wall bores 1 diameter, the through-type gas blower of external 350w, place dung yard on the ground ventilated box, pvc pipe upper berth one deck is prevented the blocked shading screen of tube wall aperture, establish three diameter 8-12cm at rectangle frame center, the usefulness of the stalk Shu Zuowei ventilation that bundlees with straw, straw of high 1.6-1.8m, fermentation materials is piled the rectangular stacking of high 1.5m, long 6m, wide 3m centered by the stalk bundle, section form is trapezoidal.
The 6th step: mixed inoculation fermentation bank in above-mentioned the 4th step is placed on the above-mentioned aeration equipment, ventilate to stacking by gas blower, air flow is controlled with gas meter, windrow begins the temperature rise period and thermophilic fermentation stage air flow is 2-4m3/h, to promote that compost temperature rises rapidly, accelerate the During High-Temperature Composting fermenting speed, cooling fermentation stage air flow is 1.5m3/h, finally finishes the process that short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost.
Comparative Examples 3:
As can be seen from Figure 9, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), the compost fermentation initial temperature is apparently higher than contrast, and significant difference, the processing of inoculation microbial inoculum is than the high 10-15 of control fermentation temperature-averaging that does not inoculate microbial inoculum ℃, the high temperature that this processing just can reach more than 50 ° in fermentation on the 4th day, temperature is elevated to rapidly 80 ℃ in the time of the 9th day.And control group temperature in the time of the 15th day only is 46.3 ℃.Illustrate that the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 can improve the compost fermentation calefaction speed in early stage, accelerate the compost fermentation process, be conducive to the quick composting of compost.The simultaneously rapid rising of compost fermentation temperature in early stage is conducive to kill the pathogenic bacteria in the fermentation materials etc., can eliminate the disadvantageous objectionable impurities of plant-growth.This explanation thermophile bacteria has played critical effect in the process that compost fermentation becomes thoroughly decomposed.
Data can be found out from Figure 10, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), the C/N general morphologictrend is consistent in whole fermenting process, and is all on a declining curve.The inoculation compost is reduced to 20: 1 from initial 29: 1 to fermenting latter stage, and the contrast compost only is reduced to 27: 1, and variation tendency is very little.International academic community generally believed C/N less than 20: 1 o'clock, and compost namely begins to enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and according to this index, the inoculation group compost just can enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed later at the 11st day, and the control group compost did not also enter later on maturity at 15 days.The compound short rotten fermenting agent of this explanation inoculation JR-1 can obviously improve the degradation rate of organic substance in the compost fermentation, and this can shorten the fermentation period of compost to a certain extent.
From Figure 11 content of humic acid change curve as seen, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), two fermentations heap content of humic acid entire change is all in rising trend, the inoculation group compost can reach 150g/kg at the 6th day content of humic acid of fermentation, and the control group compost only was increased to 98g/kg from fermentation 80g/kg originally on the 6th day in fermentation.During two groups of compost fermentations to 15 day, the compost content of humic acid of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 can reach 181g/kg, inoculates like this microbial inoculum compost and totally exceeds 59.4g/kg than traditional zymotic compost content of humic acid.The compound short rotten fermenting agent of this explanation inoculation JR-1 is conducive to the formation of compost humic acid, and humic acid can improve the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer greatly as a kind of organic matter, improves the total quality of fertilizer, for plant growth provides certain nutritive substance.
The seed germination index not only can detect the phytotoxicity level of compost sample, and can predict the phytotoxic variation of compost.As can be seen from Figure 12, the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 (blue line with top on the coordinate is as the criterion) is compared with the compost of not inoculating microbial inoculum (black line with the coordinate upper and lower is as the criterion), the inoculation compost was fermentation the 3rd day, the seed germination index can reach 50%, and the contrast compost only is 21%.During two groups of compost fermentations to 15 day, the inoculation compost is respectively 61.8% and 36.6%, significant difference with contrast compost germination index.Academia thinks if GI 〉=50%, shows that compost has become thoroughly decomposed and reached acceptable degree, does not namely have toxicity substantially.So in this experiment, in the time of the 3rd day, germination index just can reach 50% to the compost of the compound short rotten fermenting agent of inoculation JR-1 in fermentation, namely enter the state of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and traditional zymotic compost (contrast compost) is in the time of the 15th day, and germination index only is 36.6%, does not meet the requirements of 50%.Therefore, inoculation JR-1 compound short rotten fermenting agent has improved the percentage of germination of seed to a great extent, and becomes thoroughly decomposed fully, has basically eliminated the restraining effect to seed germination that the not complete ripeness owing to compost causes.This is that time pliotherm period is relatively long, thereby windrow becomes thoroughly decomposed more complete because inoculate the compost quick heating.
In a word, the above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application claim change and modify, and all should belong to the covering scope of patent of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is utilized short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum to carry out the preparation method of aerobic high-heat static compost, and it is characterized in that: its step is as follows:
First step: be to be mixed and made into fermentation materials in 4: 6 or 3: 7 by weight with the stalk that crushes and organic materials, the water content of fermentation materials is 55-65%, and is stand-by;
Second step: collection, enlarged culturing by indigenous bacterium make solid original inhabitants bacteria agent, aerated culture is made the bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide in solid slant culture by bacstearothermophilus (Bacillus stearothermophilus), enlarged culturing, the fermentor tank, again with the solid that makes original inhabitants' bacteria agent and bacstearothermophilus solid fungicide by weight 2-3: it is a, stand-by that 1 ratio is mixed and made into short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum;
Third step: get 6g Mierocrystalline cellulose, 2g starch, 2g wheat bran, 3g extractum carnis, 2g peptone, 3g glucose, 900mL soil extraction, 5gNaCl, 2.5g KH2PO4,100mLpH value and be 7.2 H2O and make a activator, accumulative total is made 50 parts, and is stand-by;
The 4th step: get 50 parts in 1 part of the above-mentioned short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum that makes and activator and mix, add 1-2 part fermentation materials after 2-3 hour and fully stir and oxygenation 8-10 hour, then evenly be inoculated in the ratio that accounts for fermentation materials weight 0.05%-0.15% and be mixed into the inoculation fermentation material in the fermentation materials;
The 5th step: the preparation of aeration equipment: the pvc pipe of getting 40mm is made a long 6m, the rectangle frame of wide 1.5m, it is the 1.2-1.5mm hole that the every 10cm of tube wall bores 1 diameter, the through-type gas blower of external 350-400w, place dung yard on the ground ventilated box, one deck anti-blocked nylon shioze of tube wall aperture in pvc pipe upper berth is weaved cotton cloth or shading screen, establish three diameter 8-12cm at rectangle frame center, high 1.6-1.8m uses straw, the usefulness of the stalk Shu Zuowei ventilation that straw bundlees, centered by the stalk bundle, the compost substrate is piled high 1.5m, long 8m, the rectangular stacking of wide 2.5-3m, section form are trapezoidal;
The 6th step: mixed inoculation fermentation bank in above-mentioned the 4th step is placed on the above-mentioned aeration equipment, ventilate to stacking by gas blower, the air flow that the inoculation fermentation material begins temperature rise period and thermophilic fermentation stage is 2-4m3/h, the air flow of cooling fermentation stage is 0.5-1.5m3/h, finally finishes the process that short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the organic materials in the described first step is the animal dead meal in animal excrement or organic domestic waste or slaughterhouse, and the length of the stalk that crushes in the described first step is 1cm-5cm.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described second step collection of indigenous bacterium be get the half-cooked boiled rices of some kilograms pack into clean wooden case, cover rice paper, airtight wooden case port, wooden case and partly imbed the vegetable plot, allow the indigenous bacterium of periphery slip in the rice, finally form indigenous bacterium bacterium colony at rice; The enlarged culturing of described indigenous bacterium is to be 2-3 with brown sugar according to weight ratio with the rice with indigenous bacterium bacterium colony: 1 ratio mixes the jar sealing of packing into and places until become dense thick liquid state, be that 1: 1 ratio is mixed and mixed sterilization wheat bran, air-dry processing after the fermentation according to weight ratio again; The prescription of the slant culture base fluid that described bacstearothermophilus solid slant culture is required is 8-12g, peptone, 2-5g beef extract, 4-6g sodium-chlor, 14-16g agar, 1L distilled water; The prescription of the seed culture fluid that described bacstearothermophilus enlarged culturing is required is 8-12g peptone, 2-5g beef extract, 4-6g sodium-chlor, 1L distilled water; Described bacstearothermophilus aerated culture in fermentor tank is that the inoculum size of bacstearothermophilus after the enlarged culturing with 4%-6% (V/V) is seeded in the fermentor tank that substratum is housed, the ratio that with cultured bacstearothermophilus liquid according to weight ratio is 1: 1 is inoculated into it in the wheat bran through high-temperature sterilization, then puts back to and continues air-dry processing behind the aerated culture fermentation 36-48h in the fermentor tank.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: get 50 parts in 1 part of the above-mentioned short rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum that makes and activator in described the 4th step and mix, add 1 part of fermentation materials after 2 hours and fully stir also oxygenation 8 hours, then evenly be inoculated in the fermentation materials in the ratio that accounts for fermentation materials weight 0.1% and mix.
5. a kind of utilization the according to claim 1 urged the preparation method that rotten compost complex ferment microbial inoculum carries out the aerobic high-heat static compost, it is characterized in that: the inoculation fermentation material begins the temperature rise period and thermophilic fermentation stage air flow is 2m3/h in described the 6th step, and cooling fermentation stage air flow is 1m3/h.
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