CN104997549A - 用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻 - Google Patents

用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻 Download PDF

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CN104997549A
CN104997549A CN201510521623.8A CN201510521623A CN104997549A CN 104997549 A CN104997549 A CN 104997549A CN 201510521623 A CN201510521623 A CN 201510521623A CN 104997549 A CN104997549 A CN 104997549A
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electric drill
drill
bone drill
intelligent bone
intelligent
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孙东辉
石训军
黄伟
梁锡杰
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Shenzhen Xinjunte Intelligent Medical Devices Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Xinjunte Intelligent Medical Devices Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510521623.8A priority Critical patent/CN104997549A/zh
Publication of CN104997549A publication Critical patent/CN104997549A/zh
Priority to US15/559,037 priority patent/US10568638B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/086375 priority patent/WO2017032156A1/zh
Priority to CN201680000510.6A priority patent/CN105848606B/zh
Priority to CN201620708987.7U priority patent/CN206026424U/zh
Priority to CN201610528711.5A priority patent/CN105997253B/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开一种用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻,该智能骨钻由推进机构、电钻机构、压力传感器、引导机构和控制电路组成。本发明可以按照术前手术规划对钻入速度和深度进行精确控制,减少了人工操作带来的偏差,使得手术精度得到保证,同时减轻了医生的劳动强度;本发明的智能骨钻还带有压力传感器,可以测量骨钻在推进的过程中所受到的阻力,从而得到骨钻推进时所遇到的物质密度,并通过与***中的数据库参数进行比对推测出骨钻到达人体的那一层(皮肤、肌肉、脂肪、骨膜、骨质、骨髓),避免手术事故的发生。

Description

用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻
技术领域
本发明涉及医用设备,尤其涉及一种用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻,可用于进行骨科手术中的钻孔、固定或拆卸螺钉等功能。
背景技术
目前没有可以直接用于骨科手术机器人的智能骨钻。目前所知的是骨科机器人只是用于定位功能,由医生使用现有的骨科电钻进行手动操作。
由于由医生人工进行操作,会造成由于用力不均匀造成推进不均匀,控制精度差,包括钻入点、钻入角度、钻入深度等均会存在较大偏差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足,提供一种用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻,该智能骨钻由推进机构、电钻机构、压力传感器、引导机构和控制电路组成,所述推进机构包括直线导轨、沿直线导轨滑动的载物平台、控制载物平台滑动的驱动电机;电钻机构包括电钻及驱动电钻运行的电钻电机;所述电钻机构与压力传感器连接,一同固定于载物平台上; 所述引导机构包括电钻引导组件、视觉识别机构、角度调整机构;所述控制电路由单片机及其控制测量电路组成;所述控制测量电路用于测量电钻电机的运行数据及控制电钻电机的运行。
较佳地,所述引导机构、驱动电机分别置于推进机构的两端。
较佳地,所述智能骨钻还包括安装法兰,设于推进机构底端。
本发明通过基座固定在骨科手术的机器臂上,可以按照术前手术规划对钻入速度和深度进行精确控制,减少了人工操作带来的偏差,使得手术精度得到保证。同时减轻了医生的劳动强度。
本发明的智能骨钻还带有压力传感器,可以测量骨钻在推进的过程中所受到的阻力,从而得到骨钻推进时所遇到的物质密度,并通过与***中的数据库参数进行比对推测出骨钻到达人体的那一层(皮肤、肌肉、脂肪、骨膜、骨质、骨髓),避免手术事故的发生。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的立体图;
图2为本发明实施例的轴测结构示意图;
图3为本发明实施例的电路控制原理图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例,对本发明进行详细说明。
参见图1与图2,本发明提供一种用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻,该智能骨钻由推进机构、电钻机构、压力传感器3、引导机构和控制电路组成,所述推进机构包括直线导轨102、沿直线导轨102滑动的载物平台104、控制载物平台104滑动的驱动电机107;电钻机构包括电钻202及驱动电钻运行的电钻电机;所述电钻机构与压力传感器3连接,一同固定于载物平台104上;所述引导机构包括电钻引导组件、视觉识别机构404、角度调整机构405;所述控制电路由单片机及其控制测量电路组成;所述控制测量电路用于测量电钻电机的运行数据及控制电钻电机的运行。
所述引导机构、驱动电机107分别置于推进机构的两端。
所述智能骨钻还包括安装法兰5,设于推进机构底端,该智能骨钻可以通过安装法兰5安装在骨科手术机器人的手臂上,进行手术作业。
如图2所述,本实施例中,推进机构还包括安装直线导轨102的底座101、底座101上的滚珠丝杠103、丝杠螺母105、连接件106、连接驱动电机107与载物平台104的联轴器108、连接直线导轨102与载物平台104的滑块109。载物平台104固定在直线导轨102的滑块109上,并通过连接件106与滚珠丝杠103上的丝杠螺母105连接。载物平台104由安装在底座101后端的驱动电机107通过联轴器108联接驱动,做前后直线往复运动。
如图2所示,电钻机构还包括电钻模块固定板201;载物平台104上安装电钻模块固定板201,电钻202与压力传感器3连接后安装在电钻模块固定板201上。
如图2所示,引导机构设于推进机构远离驱动电机107的一端,电钻引导组件设于底板101上方,视觉识别机构404、角度调整机构405设于底板下方。所述电钻引导组件包括与底板101连接的竖板401、固定在竖板401上的钻头引导套筒402、与钻头引导套筒402连接的位置微调装置403。位置微调装置403可对钻头引导套筒402在上下、左右进行调节。视觉识别机构405包含摄像头,可对摄像头进行90°的角度调节以及焦距调节。
本发明的工作原理:
参见图1至图3,控制电路由单片机及其控制测量电路组成,主要通过对电钻电机的测量和控制,来完成对电钻202的控制。
本发明中电钻202使用的是无刷直流电机,所以驱动控制芯片采用摩托罗拉生产的无刷直流电机控制器MC33053芯片,由单片机通过DA输出电压来控制MC33053的输出频率,达到控制电钻202的转速,并通过控制输出驱动电压的相序控制电钻202的正反转。同时,通过测量电钻电机输出脉冲信号可以测量出电钻202的转速。
电钻机构安装在载物平台104上,由驱动电机107控制其行进和后退。驱动电机107采用直流减速电机,由单片机通过控制驱动电机107驱动电压的大小来控制驱动电机107的转速,达到控制电钻202的推进或后退的速度。驱动电压的正负可以控制电钻202是前进或后退。同时通过测量驱动电机107的转动次数,可以测量驱动电机107推进或后退的距离。
同时,整个***还配有压力传感器3。单片机通过AD采集测量压力传感器3的输出电压,可以计算出电钻202在行进过程中所受到的阻力的大小及其变化,从而保证手术过程中的安全。
单片机通过RSS485或CAN通讯可以与计算机相连,可以接受计算机的指令,按照设定的行程、钻速和推进速度自动进行钻孔,钻完孔后可以自动退出。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于骨科机器人的智能骨钻,其特征在于,该智能骨钻由推进机构、电钻机构、压力传感器、引导机构和控制电路组成,所述推进机构包括直线导轨、沿直线导轨滑动的载物平台、控制载物平台滑动的驱动电机;电钻机构包括电钻及驱动电钻运行的电钻电机;所述电钻机构与压力传感器连接,一同固定于载物平台上; 所述引导机构包括电钻引导组件、视觉识别机构、角度调整机构;所述控制电路由单片机及其控制测量电路组成;所述控制测量电路用于测量电钻电机的运行数据及控制电钻电机的运行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的智能骨钻,其特征在于,所述引导机构、驱动电机分别置于推进机构的两端。
3.根据权利要求1所述的智能骨钻,其特征在于,所述智能骨钻还包括安装法兰,设于推进机构底端。
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