CN104992236A - Automatic layout method of bending machine processes - Google Patents
Automatic layout method of bending machine processes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104992236A CN104992236A CN201510331437.8A CN201510331437A CN104992236A CN 104992236 A CN104992236 A CN 104992236A CN 201510331437 A CN201510331437 A CN 201510331437A CN 104992236 A CN104992236 A CN 104992236A
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Abstract
An automatic layout method of bending machine processes is disclosed. In a numerical-control bending-machine automatic layout system, a bending process of optimization metal plate parts comprises the following steps of 1) carrying out characterization on a metal plate part design; 2) selecting a die; 3) presorting the bending processes; 4) carrying out interference and precision constraint adjustment; 5) carrying out efficiency comparison. By using the method of the invention, problems that a model is in a feasible solution state and space searching is difficult in the prior art are overcome. A characteristic design is used, an information structure of a model tree node is optimized, a fuzzy rule is arranged as a guide and a process pre-sorting is added before the feasible solution is calculated so that a searching space is greatly reduced and searching efficiency is increased. The interference constraint and the precision constraint are used to carry out local adjusting on the process pre-sorting so that the obtained processes are in the feasible solution state.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of mechanical automation, relate to panel beating Bending Processing field, be applied to numerical control bender automatic programming system, is a kind of automatic editing method of bender operation, for the field CAPP of panel beating Bending Processing.
Background technology
Automatic operation layout is the key link of bending NC Auto-programming System process planning, and to guarantee bending precision, raising working (machining) efficiency and reliability have great impact.The design of panel beating bending technique is subject to the combined influences such as part, tool geometries, bending technique and material property, makes operation layout form a complicated multi-objective optimization question.The shot array of feasible solution may be faced with in the computation process determining bending order, various searching algorithm and correlation module optimization principles be proposed to this Chinese scholars, but there is following problem:
(1) bending process layout affects by many factors, how effectively to organize sheet metal part process data will directly affect efficiency and the result of layout.Current great majority research concentrates on the search of operation layout computational algorithm solution space, in conjunction with effective data processing method on search model node.
(2) propose and demonstrate several rule that search volume is optimized from efficiency constraints, interference constrain angle, but mutually restricting between rule, in reality sequence calculates, lacking effective treatment mechanism.
(3) bending process refers to a part from complete deployed condition to the process sequence of complete bending.Usually occurring in formative stage because interfering, adopting forward bending method to be difficult to backtracking after discovery is interfered for complex parts.Current research adopts the reverse method of development mostly, but does not adopt effective pre-programmed measure, makes reverse expansion cannot be difficult based on an effective start node.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is: in the automatic operation layout of existing bender, operation formatting model space search node manages without efficient characteristic, when optimization principles falls into contradictions without effective treatment mechanism, and reverse expansion sequence cannot be carried out based on a rational pre-programmed algorithm.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of automatic editing method of bender operation, in numerical control bender automatic graphic programming system, and the bending process by following step solving-optimizing sheet metal part:
1) by sheet metal part design feature: using sheet metal part model as a feature assembling model, comprise a substrate features, several several lithographic features of bending characteristic sum, assembly relation between described each feature has two kinds: father-subrelation and annexation, the data management of each feature comprises three aspects: geometry, topological sum attribute, records the geometric data of sheet metal part, topological relation and additional secondary attribute respectively;
2) select mould: before carrying out bending process layout, carry out the mould that lathe configuration is selected to use, comprise two stages: universal mold pre-matching stage and selected stage; The pre-matching stage selects universal mold according to mould preliminary election constraint condition, and participate in interference detection as the input of operation layout, if find that there is interfere and under recalling insurmountable situation; more mold exchange, namely the mould selected stage is entered, selected mould is according to the definition search mold database relating to geometry when front mold Local Dry, carry out interference successively to detect, until select the mould without interfering;
3) bending process presort: describe bending process solving model by the form of " solving tree ", on the feature assembling model basis of the part by latent structure, using the bending feature of part as characteristic node, what construct a bending process optimization solves tree, extract characteristic node information, for each characteristic node distributes operation weights, and sort from big to small according to operation weights and obtain possible start node and corresponding initially solve sequence, corresponding each start node has and solves tree-model, initially solving sequence is presort, provide the preferred path node solving and set every one deck,
4) interference and accuracy constraint adjustment: according to each start node, according to correspondence initially solve sequence carry out successively local bending and local expansion two states under interference detect, if now have interference, the connection features of interfered lithographic features is discharged, detect again and discharge the bending that causes interference until occur without interference, recording all interference binding characteristics of per pass bending feature; There is the size section of accuracy requirement to carry out accuracy constraint analysis to sheet metal part, obtain the bending order of size section two the association bending feature having accuracy requirement; Utilize and interfere constraint and accuracy constraint analysis result to carry out to presort the feasible solution operation that local directed complete set obtains under current start node;
5) efficiency comparison: what affect efficiency has three aspect factor: to turn around, turn-over and die change, respectively feasible solution operation record is turned around, turn-over and die change number of times calculate its efficiency value, find out most effective feasible solution operation as optimum solution bending process.
Step 2) in, described mould preliminary election constraint condition refers to the information contrast corresponding with mould according to the bending geometry of sheet metal part, and then filter out universal mold, the geometry of each bending feature, related information and attribute are obtained to sheet metal part, by traveling through each bending feature, calculate the maximum general number of each mould in die storehouse, and join in this, as mould and select principle.
Step 3) in, utilize optimization principles to its operation weights of bending feature calculation, and be attached in bending feature with attribute form, be each characteristic node and distribute operation weights; Described optimization principles comprises: central plane principle, parallel principle, distance level scale principle, major part be principle, positive dirction principle, combination bending principle and decision shape bending edges principle rearward in the outer part, under described optimization principles, calculate the operation weights W of each bending feature, sort from big to small, select possible initial characteristics node, corresponding initial characteristics node carries out corresponding presort to bending feature, is initially solved sequence.
Instant invention overcomes the problem that in prior art, the search of model solution space is difficult, have employed characteristic Design, the great advantage of feature is exactly convenient information management, and the geometry of part model, topological sum technique information can organically organize together by characteristic Design easily.This is very important for the search solving tree-model, the process of searching element is exactly constantly calculate the judgement of each node, need to use relevant a series of information, at this time can directly obtain desired data by nodal community will certainly will improve the efficiency of search procedure greatly.Present invention optimizes the message structure of model tree node; Be set to guiding with fuzzy rule, before calculating feasible solution, add operation presort, greatly reduce search volume, improve search efficiency; To interfere constraint and accuracy constraint to carry out local directed complete set to operation presort, ensure that gained operation is feasible solution.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the feature class organization chart of sheet metal part characteristic Design of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the inventive method.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the present invention interferes constraint adjustment.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of accuracy constraint of the present invention adjustment.
Embodiment
Current bender digital control system all have employed automated programming pattern substantially, and automatic concept is that technique calculates automatically, and automatic programming system is divided into automatic graphic programming and data automated programming.What the present invention relates to is automatic graphic programming system.
The invention discloses a kind of bending process automatic editing algorithm, bending process automatic editing technology is the gordian technique of panel beating Bending Processing process planning, relate to bending process order, mould apolegamy, back material stopping location in layout process and interfere the contents such as detection, by many factors combined influence.Major influence factors is sorted out by described algorithm.
The present invention on the basis analyzing bending part feature, the comprehensively reverse Arrangement algorithm of bending process having researched and proposed a kind of Hop-by-hop routing in the past.Based on part bending geometry and technology characteristics, be that initialization condition selects search tree start node with efficiency principle, in layout, expand into driving with reverse bending part, comprehensive mould interferes constraint, accuracy constraint factor, and what dynamically generation was optimized solves sequence.
Solving-optimizing bending process implementing procedure of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, comprises the following steps:
1, by sheet metal part design feature: be a feature assembling model depending on sheet metal part model, integrated by a substrate features, several several lithographic features of bending characteristic sum.Substrate features is the initial baseline of whole Element Design, can regard a special lithographic features as.Assembly relation between feature has two kinds: father-subrelation and annexation.The data management of each feature comprises three aspects: geometry, topological sum attribute, have recorded the geometric data of sheet metal part, topological relation and additional secondary attribute respectively.
2, mould is selected: after Element Design characterization completes and before operation layout, first should carry out lathe configuration, focus on the selection of mould.The selection of mould have impact on the number of times of more mold exchange in Bending Processing process, is one of key factor affecting Bending Processing efficiency.Mould is selected to comprise two stages by the present invention: universal mold pre-matching stage and selected stage.The pre-matching stage is the type selecting in order to initialization mould, universal mold is selected according to mould preliminary election constraint condition, and participate in interference detection as the input of operation layout, interfere if found that there is and consider more mold exchange under recalling insurmountable situation, namely entering the mould selected stage.Selected mould is that the definition search mold database of foundation local detail carries out interference detection, in order successively until select suitable mould.
Described mould preliminary election constraint condition refers to the information contrast corresponding with mould according to the bending geometry of known sheet metal part, and then filter out universal mold, the geometry of each bending feature, related information and attribute are obtained to sheet metal part, by traveling through each bending feature, calculate the maximum general number of each mould in die storehouse, and join in this, as mould and select principle.
3, bending process presort: bending process layout is meeting a series of constraint condition exactly, under mainly interfering constraint and accuracy constraint, considers the factor of die change number of times, workpiece turn-over and the number of times that turns around, finds the process of " optimum solution ".By the form of " solving tree ", bending process solving model is described, on the feature assembling model basis of the part by latent structure, using the bending feature of part as characteristic node, what construct a bending process optimization solves tree, extract characteristic node information, for each characteristic node distributes operation weights, and sort from big to small according to operation weights and obtain possible start node and corresponding initially solve sequence, corresponding each start node has and solves tree-model, initially solve the presort that sequence is bending process, provide the preferred path node solving and set every one deck, optimize and solve tree search volume model, improve and search plain efficiency.Afterwards again according to interfere and accuracy constraint calculates the feasible solution that operation pattern search is set under each current start node.
4, interfere and accuracy constraint adjustment: according to each start node, according to correspondence initially solve sequence carry out successively local bending and local expansion two states under interference detect.If now have interference, the connection features of interfered lithographic features is discharged, then detect and discharge the bending that causes interference until without interference generation, record all interference binding characteristics of per pass bending feature; There is the size section of accuracy requirement to carry out accuracy constraint analysis to sheet metal part, obtain the bending order of size section two the association bending feature having accuracy requirement.
Utilize and interfere constraint and accuracy constraint analysis result to carry out local directed complete set to presort, obtain the feasible solution under current start node.The efficiency of each feasible solution of last comparison, finds out optimum solution.
5, efficiency comparison: what affect efficiency has three aspect factor: to turn around, turn-over and die change.Respectively feasible solution record is turned around, turn-over and die change number of times calculate its efficiency value, find out most effective feasible solution as optimum solution.
The present invention is applicable to the operation automatic editing of numerical control bender automatic programming system, have in numerical control bender automatic programming system and carry out bending process automatic editing module, can feature analysis be carried out to the parts pattern of input or carry out characteristic Design voluntarily, and carry out operation order automatically calculate by apolegamy mould, draw without interfering and meeting the more satisfactory operation order of accuracy requirement.
Here is embodiment:
(1) characteristic information management is carried out to sheet metal part, by sheet metal part design feature.
As shown in Figure 1, the automatic graphic programming system of the corresponding bender digital control system of Fig. 1, be the feature class organization chart of sheet metal part characteristic Design, English is wherein corresponding class name and function name in programing system, be known to the skilled person, describe in detail no longer one by one.The present invention by abstract for entity be entity ENTITY class in programing system, derive from an example class INSTANCE and integrated class SHEETMETAL.Represent each feature by example class, defined feature attribute and behavior interface, comprise the transformation matrix of geometric shape, linked character and feature entity.Each feature integrated according to establishment order with chain sheet form, unification stores and facilitates characteristic information to manage.
(2) universal mold pre-matching.
According to characteristic Design feature, obtaining the geometry of each bending feature, related information and attribute, by traveling through each bending feature, calculating the maximum general number of each mould in die storehouse, and join in this, as mould and select principle.Join and select principle to be the routine techniques that those skilled in the art grasp, such as mold, have patrix radius of corner to be less than or equal to bending inside radius, patrix angle is less than or equal to bending angle, patrix length is less than or equal to sweep length, and patrix maximum pressure is greater than unit length bending force etc.; For bed die, have counterdie angle to be less than or equal to bending angle, counterdie length is less than or equal to sweep length, and counterdie maximum pressure is greater than unit length bending force etc., and corresponding different part describes in detail no longer one by one.
The mould meeting constraint condition is selected as universal mold.
(3) operation pre-programmed.
In the sheet metal part characteristic Design stage, extract bending feature relevant information, utilize optimization principles to its operation weights of bending feature calculation, and be attached in bending feature with attribute form.Finally carry out presort according to operation weights size to each bending edges, the initial characteristics node selected so has just had efficiency foundation.Described optimization principles comprises: central plane principle, parallel principle, distance level scale principle, major part be principle, positive dirction principle, combination bending principle, decision shape bending edges principle rearward in the outer part.Under above-mentioned optimization principles, calculate the operation weights W of each bending feature, select several possible initial characteristics node, and corresponding presort is carried out to bending feature.
As optimal way, before calculation process weights, add following attribute for each bending feature, attribute here sets in order to subsequent calculations weights, and coefficient is empirical value.
Pros and cons attribute: define a Boolean type variable and judge that whether the wrap direction of this bending feature is identical with central plane positive dirction, determine in Forging Process the need of turn-over.Arranging its weights coefficient is 0.4.
Parallel attribute: the variable of a definition Boolean type judges that whether this bending feature is parallel with central plane, determines in Forging Process the need of turning around.Arranging its weights coefficient is 0.4.
Distance level scale attribute: define an integer type variable for judging the distance of this bending feature and central plane, determines its priority in bending order.Arranging its weights coefficient is 0.2
Calculate the operation weights of each bending feature, and utilize bubble sort method to obtain presort.
(4) interfere constraint and accuracy constraint to operation local directed complete set.
According to the presort obtained in (3) step, successively each work step to be interfered and accuracy constraint detects and does local directed complete set.
Interfere constraint and process: as shown in Figure 3, the every a line in Fig. 2 represents a part example, describe the interference type of this part and the state after discharging constraint, A, B, C, D in figure are the label of bending feature.Be each bending feature-modeling local coordinate system according to presort order, wherein coordinate system is with bending angle outer arc mid point for initial point, and bending bisector of angle is X-axis.Then travel through whole part, detect and whether there is interference with mould, return the substance feature interfered.Depending on the simplification line that X-axis line is mould, ignoring thickness of slab and simplifying dull and stereotyped and bending is respectively line segment and end points.The X-coordinate value problem that symbol is contrary so just can will test problems being interfered to be converted into two end points judging each line segment.If contrary, the connection features of lithographic features corresponding for this line segment is joined in a specific list of entities, as the record of interfering constraint.Need after having traveled through to discharge the corresponding bending feature producing interference, also namely launch, A has precedence over B bending, namely completes the local directed complete set to A and B order in initial sequence.It is noted herein that, because under interfering and may occurring in positioning states and bending state, so each bending feature must carry out bending and the interference launched under two states detects.
Accuracy constraint and process: as shown in Figure 4, because sheet metal part in most cases can have accuracy requirement to some size section, be thought of as positioning precision constraint so accuracy constraint can be simplified.The major effect of positioning precision to operation layout comes from the selection that rear shelves anticipate site.For the workpiece having Sizing requirements, if closed size can not meet accuracy requirement, then need to consider anchor point On The Choice under non-closed dimensional conditions.AB section has dimension precision requirement, then need realize the processing of AB section with A end or B end for anchor point, choose different anchor point, determine bending (or expansion) order of bending edges A and bending edges B.Reference centered by central plane, central plane is exactly reference datum, refers generally to be decided to be the face that part mediates, suppose that A connects be workpiece major part and B connects is fraction.In conjunction with " workpiece major part is in the outer part " principle, the anchor point that known A can not expect as rear shelves.If A has precedence over B bending, in order to ensure the dimensional accuracy of AB section, then must anticipate site using A as rear shelves when bending B, this will produce contradiction.Therefore B must bending before A, also namely A has precedence over B and launches, and completes the local directed complete set to A and B order in initial sequence according to this.
(5) last, obtain feasible solution by above-mentioned steps, respectively feasible solution record is turned around, turn-over and die change number of times calculate its efficiency value, find out most effective feasible solution as optimum solution, complete the automatic editing of bender operation, automatically obtain optimum bending process.
Claims (4)
1. an automatic editing method for bender operation, is characterized in that in numerical control bender automatic graphic programming system, the bending process by following step solving-optimizing sheet metal part:
1) by sheet metal part design feature: using sheet metal part model as a feature assembling model, comprise a substrate features, several several lithographic features of bending characteristic sum, assembly relation between described each feature has two kinds: father-subrelation and annexation, the data management of each feature comprises three aspects: geometry, topological sum attribute, records the geometric data of sheet metal part, topological relation and additional secondary attribute respectively;
2) select mould: before carrying out bending process layout, carry out the mould that lathe configuration is selected to use, comprise two stages: universal mold pre-matching stage and selected stage; The pre-matching stage selects universal mold according to mould preliminary election constraint condition, and participate in interference detection as the input of operation layout, if find that there is interfere and under recalling insurmountable situation; more mold exchange, namely the mould selected stage is entered, selected mould is according to the definition search mold database relating to geometry when front mold Local Dry, carry out interference successively to detect, until select the mould without interfering;
3) bending process presort: describe bending process solving model by the form of " solving tree ", on the feature assembling model basis of the part by latent structure, using the bending feature of part as characteristic node, what construct a bending process optimization solves tree, extract characteristic node information, for each characteristic node distributes operation weights, and sort from big to small according to operation weights and obtain possible start node and corresponding initially solve sequence, corresponding each start node has and solves tree-model, initially solving sequence is presort, provide the preferred path node solving and set every one deck,
4) interference and accuracy constraint adjustment: according to each start node, according to correspondence initially solve sequence carry out successively local bending and local expansion two states under interference detect, if now have interference, the connection features of interfered lithographic features is discharged, detect again and discharge the bending that causes interference until occur without interference, recording all interference binding characteristics of per pass bending feature; There is the size section of accuracy requirement to carry out accuracy constraint analysis to sheet metal part, obtain the bending order of size section two the association bending feature having accuracy requirement; Utilize and interfere constraint and accuracy constraint analysis result to carry out to presort the feasible solution operation that local directed complete set obtains under current start node;
5) efficiency comparison: what affect efficiency has three aspect factor: to turn around, turn-over and die change, respectively feasible solution operation record is turned around, turn-over and die change number of times calculate its efficiency value, find out most effective feasible solution operation as optimum solution bending process.
2. the automatic editing method of a kind of bender operation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 2) in, described mould preliminary election constraint condition refers to the information contrast corresponding with mould according to the bending geometry of sheet metal part, and then filter out universal mold, the geometry of each bending feature, related information and attribute are obtained to sheet metal part, by traveling through each bending feature, calculate the maximum general number of each mould in die storehouse, and join in this, as mould and select principle.
3. the automatic editing method of a kind of bender operation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 3) in, utilize optimization principles to its operation weights of bending feature calculation, and be attached in bending feature with attribute form, be each characteristic node and distribute operation weights; Described optimization principles comprises: central plane principle, parallel principle, distance level scale principle, major part be principle, positive dirction principle, combination bending principle and decision shape bending edges principle rearward in the outer part, under described optimization principles, calculate the operation weights W of each bending feature, sort from big to small, select possible initial characteristics node, corresponding initial characteristics node carries out corresponding presort to bending feature, is initially solved sequence.
4. the automatic editing method of a kind of bender operation according to claim 3, is characterized in that step 3) in, during calculation process weights, for each bending feature is added with properties:
Pros and cons attribute: define a Boolean type variable and judge that whether the wrap direction of this bending feature is identical with central plane positive dirction, determine in Forging Process the need of turn-over;
Parallel attribute: the variable of a definition Boolean type judges that whether this bending feature is parallel with central plane, determines in Forging Process the need of turning around;
Distance level scale attribute: define an integer type variable for judging the distance of this bending feature and central plane, determines its priority in bending order.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108536886A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-09-14 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of method of determining three-dimensional inter process model adjustable range |
| CN109271726A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-25 | 重庆创速工业有限公司 | A kind of design implementation method of work mold insert |
| CN110851920A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-02-28 | 成都数模码科技有限公司 | Automatic generation method for main rib line of die pressing device |
| CN115755773A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-03-07 | 新代科技(苏州)有限公司 | Bending machine programming method and system |
| CN117314142A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-12-29 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Product line process sequence optimization method |
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2015
- 2015-06-15 CN CN201510331437.8A patent/CN104992236A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108536886A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-09-14 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of method of determining three-dimensional inter process model adjustable range |
| CN109271726A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-25 | 重庆创速工业有限公司 | A kind of design implementation method of work mold insert |
| CN110851920A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-02-28 | 成都数模码科技有限公司 | Automatic generation method for main rib line of die pressing device |
| CN115755773A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-03-07 | 新代科技(苏州)有限公司 | Bending machine programming method and system |
| CN117314142A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-12-29 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Product line process sequence optimization method |
| CN117314142B (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2024-05-28 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Product line process sequence optimization method |
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