CN104989821A - Mechanical seal with shallow slots - Google Patents
Mechanical seal with shallow slots Download PDFInfo
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- CN104989821A CN104989821A CN201510298134.0A CN201510298134A CN104989821A CN 104989821 A CN104989821 A CN 104989821A CN 201510298134 A CN201510298134 A CN 201510298134A CN 104989821 A CN104989821 A CN 104989821A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mechanical seal with shallow slots. The mechanical seal with shallow slots is characterized in that the shallow slots with bottom surfaces as curved surfaces are formed in sealing end surfaces of a dynamic ring and a static ring, wherein each curved surface is one part of a smooth continuous curved surface formed by a motion track generated when a circumference moves in a three-dimensional space according to the motion law; and each curved-surface slot is of a three-dimensional convergent shape which becomes more and more shallow and narrow from a high pressure side to a low pressure side, and has stronger convergence characteristics. Compared with a common mechanical seal with shallow slots, the thickness or the rigidity of a fluid film under the same condition is greater, the stability and the reliability are higher, the service life is longer, the curve-surface slots can be precisely formed by adopting a grinding method, and the processing precision is high. The mechanical seal with shallow slots is suitable for sealing various rotary fluid machines.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical seal field, relate to a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal, offer at seal face the shallow slot mechanical seal that groove bottom is curved surface in particular to a kind of, be applicable to the axial end sealing that various forms of pump, compressor, seperator, decompressor, steam turbine, motor, reactor etc. rotate class machine.
Background technique
Shallow slot mechanical seal be a seal ring wherein planar end surface on to offer a series of degree of depth be micron-sized dynamic pressure groove, as spiral chute, arc groove, leaf groove, T-slot, Y shape groove, L shape groove, straight trough and various special-shaped slots etc., in the running, due to the dynamic pressure effect of dynamic pressure groove, the fluid-encapsulated pressure entering this groove is raised, this pressure acts on dynamic and static ring seal face bonded to each other, these two faces are pushed open and does not contact, and between form continuous, stable fluid-encapsulated film, realize non-contact seals.The dynamic pressure groove of shallow slot mechanical seal is generally offered on the hard sealing surfaces such as Tungsten carbite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, highi degree of accuracy processing is more difficult, but the thickness of its geometrical shape convection cell film, rigidity, bearing capacity and stability influence are comparatively large, good dynamic pressure groove geometry design and highi degree of accuracy processing are the core technologies of shallow slot mechanical seal.
Known mechanical seal of offering shallow slot at seal face, goes back Shortcomings.
Such as, current shallow slot generally adopts the cell wall structure of rising steeply in its convergence region, the plane at place, He Yan district of Ji Congba district directly reaches bottom land with the form of right angle facade, cause liquid film thickness in cell wall place step evolution sudden change of rising steeply, sealing medium is compressed suddenly, instead of by progressive compression, thus hydrodynamic effect is weakened, the stability that impact sealing runs and reliability.
Such as, common flat grade deep spiral groove, arc groove, leaf groove, T-slot, Y shape groove, L shape groove and various special-shaped slot, because groove depth is equal, belong to two-dimentional convergence type dynamic pressure groove, hydrodynamic effect is not strong, so under certain operating mode, fluid film thickness is not enough, or the insufficient rigidity of fluid film, causes the instability of sealability under certain fluid film thickness.
The dynamic pressure effect of end face fluid is strengthened by offering three-dimensional convergence type dynamic pressure groove at seal face, and then increase bearing capacity and the thin rigidity of fluid film of end face fluid film, thus lift-off seal operation stability and reliability increase the service life, be one of main direction of studying of shallow slot mechanical seal.
Such as, the Chinese patent literature of publication number CN1415877A discloses a kind of Unit for sealing end surface of 3 D helical flute with double helix angles, and the groove depth of the spiral shallow slot that its end face is offered measures low pressure survey from high pressure and shoals gradually; The Chinese patent literature of publication number CN101985981A discloses the skew lines groove mechanical sealing configuration that a kind of bottom land is tapered plane; The american documentation literature of publication number US5722665A discloses a kind of dynamic pressure grooved be made up of the flat step of two-stage or wedged bottom step; The Chinese patent literature of publication number CN102927282A discloses the Spiral Groove Mechanical Seal device of the multistage flat step formation that a kind of radially order deepens; The Chinese patent literature of publication number CN101469771A disclose a kind of can the step circular arc slot mechanical of bidirectional rotation.These three-dimensional convergence type dynamic pressure grooves generally have fine structure and precision is high, the feature that roughness requirements is strict, workability is generally poor, what have very difficultly processes, what have even cannot directly process, now many employing high energy laser beam layering processing is similar to shaping, Shortcomings in machining accuracy and surface roughness etc.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal being provided with curved surface groove at seal face is provided, seal face outside diameter is that high pressure is surveyed, i.e. upstream side, internal side diameter is that low pressure is surveyed, i.e. downstream side, curved surface groove has surveys from high pressure direction finding low pressure the three-dimensional convergence profile shoaling gradually and narrow, thus there is stronger convergence property, compared with existing shallow slot mechanical seal, at identical conditions the thickness of its fluid film or rigidity larger, stability and by property higher, life-span is longer, method for grinding Accurate Shaping can be used, machining accuracy is high.
A circumference has five degrees of freedom in three dimensions, can by mathematical method, selects five inependent modes to set up system of coordinates and equation to describe the pose of this circumference and position and motion thereof.And instantaneous pose and position can be described by straight line motion or rotation or the compound motion be made up of them.When with suitable pose along straight line or curvilinear motion time, just can generate curved surface.If this circumference minimum point is controlled all the time outside seal face, so this circumference when three-dimensional space motion and seal ring have two intersection points, an intersection point or without intersection point, when there being two intersection points, if first intersection point is on seal face, second intersection point is on seal ring periphery, so from second intersection point until first intersection point scope inner circumference each point reduce gradually relative to the degree of depth of seal face until be 0, the curved surface generated shoals from upstream side gradually to downstream side, also normally narrow gradually from upstream side to downstream side, present three-dimensional contraction shape.Therefore from mathematical angle, to design the smooth continuous curve surface that formed by movement locus when three dimensional space moves by the characteristics of motion with a circumference be bottom surface, to shoal gradually from upstream side to downstream side and the curved surface groove that narrows is feasible.
In addition, the process forming surface when mechanical manufacturing field utilizes cutter to carry out cutting is exactly that the blade controlling cutter moves the process of material unnecessary on workpiece removal along certain track.During the cup emery wheel grinding adopting end face width narrower, from the angle of grinding shaping surface, cup emery wheel is equivalent to the circumference that has cutting function, if radius of a circle used when grinding wheel radius used and design curved surface groove is equal, the characteristics of motion used when cup emery wheel designs with curved surface groove relative to the building motion that workpiece does is consistent, surperficial formation basic theory error is not just had during grinding, can Accurate Shaping, realize highi degree of accuracy processing.Therefore from the angle of processing, it is bottom surface that highi degree of accuracy processes the smooth continuous curve surface that formed by movement locus when three dimensional space moves by the characteristics of motion with a circumference, shoal gradually from upstream side to downstream side and the curved surface groove that narrows also is feasible.
Straight line motion and rotate be the most simply, two kinds of basic exercises the most easily realizing, lathe generally adopts single straight line motion, single rotation or adopts and is combined into the complicated multi-shaft interlocked relative movement realizing cutter and workpiece by multiple basic exercise.The travel axis normally level or vertically arranged of lathe, the moving direction of such as linear motion axis is generally level or vertical, and the axis of rotatingshaft is generally level or vertical.Research finds, when the circumference favouring seal face does single rotation around seal ring axis, the curved surface of formation is turning surface; When a circumference around the straight line being parallel to seal face be axis do single rotation time, the curved surface of generation is edge-on; When a circumference does the single straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, the curved surface of generation is also edge-on; When the circumference favouring seal face does the single straight line motion being parallel to seal face, the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow can be generated; When seal ring does relative to the circumference tilted to rotate for axis with the straight line of seal ring axis being parallel, the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow also can be generated.Therefore when a circumference can generate the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow when three dimensional space does single basic exercise.Obviously, angle no matter from mathematics or the angle from machining, can increase a straight line motion further or increase by one and rotate thus form the compound motion be made up of two basic exercises and generate the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow on above-mentioned single straight line motion or single rotation basis.
Further research finds: although, the curved surface formed when seal ring does single rotation relative to the circumference tilted around seal ring axis is turning surface, but, if meanwhile, seal ring also does a straight line motion along seal ring axial direction relative to the circumference tilted, and can generate the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow on seal ring; Or meanwhile, seal ring also does relative to the circumference tilted the straight line motion that is parallel to seal face, also can generate the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow on seal ring.
Further research also finds: although, when a circumference around the straight line being parallel to seal face be axis do single rotation time the curved surface that generates be edge-on, but, if meanwhile, seal ring also rotates around the axis of seal ring, also can generate the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow on seal ring; Or meanwhile, seal ring also does the straight line motion that is parallel to seal face, the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow also can be generated on seal ring; Or meanwhile, seal ring also does a rotation being axis with the parallel lines of seal ring axis, the curved surface shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow also can be generated on seal ring.
Obviously, angle no matter from mathematics or the angle from machining, on the compound motion basis be made up of two basic exercises, a straight line motion can be increased further or rotate and form more complicated compound motion, the compound motion be namely made up of three basic exercises.And then, on the compound motion basis be made up of three basic exercises, more one or more basic exercise can also be increased form more complicated compound motion, the compound motion that the compound motion be namely made up of four basic exercises or more basic exercises are formed.
Considering from being convenient to realize angle in addition, can be simplified compound motion, being coupled into by the basic exercise of two in compound motion the simple motion performed by a guide mechanism, to reduce the quantity of travel axis and to reduce the complexity of machine tool motion.Such as, the straight line motion and the straight line motion perpendicular to seal face that one are parallel to seal face are coupled as a straight line motion tilted with seal face, the straight line motion such as two being parallel to seal face is coupled as a plane curve movement, such as, be that rotation and the straight line motion perpendicular to seal face of axle is coupled as a spiral motion by the parallel lines around seal ring axis.
The present invention adopts following technological scheme to realize:
A kind of shallow slot mechanical seal, comprises stationary ring and rotating ring, on the seal face of rotating ring, or on the seal face of stationary ring, or simultaneously on these two seal faces, offer shallow slot, seal face outside diameter is that high pressure is surveyed, i.e. upstream side, and internal side diameter is that low pressure is surveyed, i.e. downstream side, during work, the seal face of two rings is close to laminating, has sealing medium in gap, rotatingshaft drives rotating ring to rotate relative to stationary ring, and sealing medium is by the clearance leakage between two seal faces.The feature of this shallow slot mechanical seal is: described shallow slot is curved surface groove, the bottom surface of described curved surface groove is curved surface, described curved surface is a part for the smooth continuous curve surface formed by movement locus when three dimensional space moves by the characteristics of motion by a circumference, and described curved surface groove has the three-dimensional contraction shape shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow.
The described characteristics of motion is that the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion being parallel to seal face,
Or seal ring is relative to the circumference the tilted rotation that to do with the straight line with seal ring axis being parallel be axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face,
Or the circumference the favouring seal face spiral motion that to do with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion that slightly tilts with seal face by one and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the compound motion that the straight line motion that slightly tilts with seal face and a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face form,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis spiral motion and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis spiral motion and a compound motion formed perpendicular to the straight line motion of seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or by one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis spiral motion and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a compound motion formed with the spiral motion that is axis of the parallel lines of seal ring axis and a straight line motion being parallel to seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a compound motion formed with the spiral motion that is axis of the parallel lines of seal ring axis and a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a compound motion formed with the spiral motion that is axis of the parallel lines of seal ring axis and a straight line motion being parallel to seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion being parallel to seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by the spiral motion that is axis with the parallel lines of seal ring axis, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, straight line motion and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis being parallel to seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the compound motion be made up of a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face and a straight line motion being parallel to seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion that slightly tilts with seal face by two and a compound motion formed perpendicular to the straight line motion of seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion and the compound motion formed perpendicular to the straight line motion of seal face that are parallel to seal face by two,
Or by two straight line motions being parallel to seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does and is parallel to the straight line motion of seal face, a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis by two,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face, one be parallel to the straight line motion of seal face, a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by the spiral motion that is axis with the parallel lines of seal ring axis, one be parallel to the straight line motion of seal face, a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis
Or by one be parallel to seal face the rotation of straight line for axis, one be parallel to the straight line motion of seal face, a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis.
The scope of the radius of described circumference is 20 ~ 500 millimeters.
The scope of the degree of depth of described curved surface lowest part is 0.5 ~ 200 micron.
In described curved surface, the Gaussian curvature of any point is just.
The bottom surface of described curved surface groove is made up of a smooth surface, or is connected and composed by two smooth surfaces, or is connected and composed by two or more smooth surface.
Described curved surface and the intersection of seal face are mathematical function curve or numerical curve.
Described curved surface groove and the intersection of seal face are smoothed curves, or some smoothed curves are formed by connecting, or straight line and curve are formed by connecting.
Described curved surface groove is symmetrical about the radial line of seal ring.
Described curved surface groove is obviously asymmetric about the radial line of seal ring.
Described curved surface groove is in the projection roughly helically shape of seal face.
Described curved surface and the intersection of seal face are the streamline shape oppositely protruded with sense of rotation.
Described curved surface groove also comprises the sidewall risen steeply.
Described sidewall is in the inner side of curved surface groove.
The described curved surface degree of depth circumferentially reaches maximum gradually from 0 and joins with the sidewall that rises steeply in bosom and stop, curved surface groove has the shape circumferentially shoaled gradually, or the described curved surface degree of depth circumferentially from 0 reach gradually maximum after diminish gradually again but also all do not reach 0 time just join with the sidewall that rises steeply and stop, form a kind of curved surface does not expand to seal face completely curved surface groove at radiating area.
The quantitative range of described curved surface groove is 2 ~ 200.
Described seal face is provided with one group of curved surface groove that is identical, that along the circumferential direction regularly distribute, or comprises some groups of different curved surface grooves, often organizes and is along the circumferential direction uniformly distributed.
Described curved surface groove does not connect each other, is separated with certain distance mutually, and does not cross seal face inner periphery.
Between described adjacent curved surface groove, the chute of the conventional structure forms such as T-slot, arc groove, spiral chute, rectangle groove can also be provided with to strengthen dynamic pressure effect, or be provided with annular groove to suppress leakage at dam facing, or be provided with guiding gutter to strengthen fluid-encapsulated supply at upstream side.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in: shallow slot mechanical seal of the present invention have from high pressure measure low pressure survey shoal gradually three-dimensional convergence profile, thus there is stronger convergence property, in addition, the cell wall structure of rising steeply is there is not in shallow slot of the present invention on rear side of region of convergence, but shoal until connect with seal face by curved surface is progressive, during work, sealed medium flows into end face by each curved surface groove at the opening of upstream side, along with the rotation of rotating ring, sealing medium is gradually compressed in shallow slot, pressure raises, and finally near shallow slot and seal face intersection, reach pressure extreme value, fluid film thickness is smooth-going in connecting part change, there is not step evolution sudden change, sealing medium is by progressive compression, instead of compressed suddenly, very strong hydrodynamic effect is just defined between such sealing surface, thus obtain very high fluid film rigidity, enhance the stability of sealing.The face shape of the curved surface of curved surface groove of the present invention can regard the narrower cup emery wheel of the width that is rotating as by certain movement rule at three-dimensional movement locus, meet grinding Surface generation principle, can directly grinding out, machining accuracy is high, and cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, a kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the plan view of shape shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that the groove of curved surface shown in Fig. 1 forms schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the plan view of shape shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is that the groove of curved surface shown in Fig. 4 forms schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the plan view of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the plan view of shape shown in Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is that the groove of curved surface shown in Fig. 8 forms schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Figure 12 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 11.
Figure 13 is that the groove of curved surface shown in Figure 11 forms schematic diagram.
Figure 14 is the plan view of Figure 13.
Figure 15 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Figure 16 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 15.
Figure 17 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Figure 18 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 17.
Figure 19 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Figure 20 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 19.
Figure 21 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Figure 22 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 21.
Figure 23 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Figure 24 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 23.
Figure 25 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Figure 26 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 25.
Figure 27 is in a kind of shallow slot mechanical seal of providing of the present invention, another kind of typical curved surface groove shape schematic diagram.
Figure 28 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 27.
In figure: 1 seal face inner periphery; 2 seal face outer peripherys; 3 seal faces; 4 curved surfaces and seal face intersection; 5 curved surfaces; 6 sidewalls; 7 circumference; 8 curved surfaces 1; 9 curved surfaces 2.
In above-mentioned each graphics, in order to more directviewing description curved surface groove shape and its to be formed, be exaggerated seal face axial dimension, axial dimension value is only illustrative purposes.
Embodiment
For summary of the invention of the present invention, Characteristic can be understood further, hereby exemplify following examples, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail as follows:
Embodiment one: refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
A kind of shallow slot mechanical seal, comprise stationary ring and rotating ring, on the seal face of rotating ring, or on the seal face of stationary ring, or simultaneously on these two seal faces, offer shallow slot, during work, the seal face of two rings is close to laminating, sealing medium is had in gap, rotatingshaft drives rotating ring to rotate relative to stationary ring, seal face outside diameter is that high pressure is surveyed, i.e. upstream side, internal side diameter is that low pressure is surveyed, i.e. downstream side, sealing medium is by the clearance leakage between two seal faces, shallow slot is a kind of curved surface groove, the bottom surface of curved surface groove is curved surface, this curved surface is seal ring is 175 millimeters relative to a radius, the circumference being 0.0002 radian with seal face angle of inclination do around with seal ring axis being parallel and through the straight line of circle center to be axis single rotate time the part of smooth continuous curve surface that formed by movement locus.If this circumference minimum point is controlled all the time outside seal face, so described circumference when three-dimensional space motion and seal ring have two intersection points, an intersection point or without intersection point, when there being two intersection points, if first intersection point is on seal face, second intersection point is on seal ring outer circumferential face, so from second intersection point until first intersection point scope inner circumference each point diminish gradually relative to the degree of depth of seal face until be 0, the curved surface that formation shoals gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrows, the curved surface groove formed has the three-dimensional contraction shape shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow.
Fig. 1 is described curved surface groove shape schematic diagram, and Fig. 2 is the plan view of shape shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is the formation schematic diagram of the groove of curved surface shown in Fig. 1.The degree of depth of described curved surface lowest part is 10 microns, in curved surface, the Gaussian curvature of any point is just, the bottom surface of this curved surface groove is made up of a smooth surface, curved surface groove comprises the sidewall risen steeply, sidewall is in curved surface slot pitch from the side close to internal diameter, and curved surface groove is in the projection roughly helically shape of seal face.Because spiral-shaped curved surface groove has obvious directivity, in use should use in strict accordance with its sense of rotation.
In the present embodiment, offered one group of along the circumferential direction uniform, identical curved surface groove at seal face, the quantity of curved surface groove is 9, and these curved surface grooves do not connect each other, separated by a distance, and do not cross seal face inner periphery.
Embodiment two: refer to Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of embodiment one.Fig. 4 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment two, and Fig. 5 is the plan view of shape shown in Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 is that the groove of curved surface shown in Fig. 4 forms schematic diagram, and Fig. 7 is the plan view of schematic diagram shown in Fig. 6.The described characteristics of motion is that the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion that slightly tilts with seal face by one and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis.In the present embodiment, the curved surface groove formed is made up of a smooth curved surface, this curved surface is smoothly transitted into seal face, the sidewall do not risen steeply, the intersection of curved surface and seal face is a smoothed curve, and the intersection of curved surface and seal face is the streamline shape oppositely protruded when running shaft rotates forward with seal arrangement.This curved surface groove is obviously asymmetric about the radial line of seal ring, and seal arrangement region of convergence when running shaft rotates forward is greater than diverging region, can produce larger dynamic pressure effect.
Embodiment three: refer to Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Fig. 8 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment three, and Fig. 9 is the plan view of shape shown in Fig. 8, and Figure 10 is that the groove of curved surface shown in Fig. 8 forms schematic diagram.The described characteristics of motion is to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis by one.In the present embodiment, the intersection of curved surface groove and seal face is a smoothed curve, described curved surface groove is symmetrical about the radial line of seal ring, sealing rotates forward at running shaft, counter-rotating time can produce enough hydrodynamic effects, be applicable to need mechanical seal can the occasion of bidirectional rotation.
Embodiment four: refer to Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 14.
Be that curved surface groove shape is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Figure 11 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment four, and Figure 12 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 11, and Figure 13 is that the groove of curved surface shown in Figure 11 forms schematic diagram, and Figure 14 is the plan view of schematic diagram shown in Figure 13.Different from embodiment three, the characteristics of motion described in embodiment four is seal ring relative to the circumference tilted the with it constant speed spiral motion that to do with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis.Certainly this characteristics of motion also can be realized by the compound motion formed perpendicular to the straight line motion of seal face with the rotation that is axis of the parallel lines of seal ring axis and by.
Embodiment five: refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Figure 15 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment five, and Figure 16 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 15, and the characteristics of motion in the present embodiment is that a circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face.Certainly this characteristics of motion also can by being parallel to straight line motion and the compound motion realization formed perpendicular to the straight line motion of seal face of seal face by one.The curved surface groove formed and the intersection of seal face are smoothed curves, this curved surface groove is symmetrical about the radial line of seal ring, shallow slot mechanical seal described in the present embodiment rotates forward at running shaft, counter-rotating time can produce enough hydrodynamic effects, be applicable to need mechanical seal can the occasion of bidirectional rotation.
Embodiment six: refer to Figure 17 and Figure 18.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Figure 17 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment six, Figure 18 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 17, identical with embodiment two of the characteristics of motion in the present embodiment, difference is that the interaction relation of each axle, each axle initial position are different with each axle final position.The curved surface groove formed is obviously asymmetric about the radial line of seal ring, and seal arrangement region of convergence when running shaft rotates forward is greater than diverging region, can produce larger dynamic pressure effect.
Embodiment seven: refer to Figure 19 and Figure 20.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Figure 19 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment seven, and Figure 20 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 19.The characteristics of motion described is in the present embodiment that the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis.The bottom surface of described curved surface groove is connected and composed by two smooth surfaces, one of them curved surface forms region of convergence, another curved surface forms diverging region, and the area ratio diverging region of region of convergence is large, and the intersection of curved surface and seal face is the streamline shape oppositely protruded when running shaft rotates forward with seal arrangement.In the present embodiment, the intersection of curved surface groove and seal face is an oval part, and being understandable that, except ellipse, can also be other function curve or numerical curve.
Embodiment eight: refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Figure 21 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment eight, and Figure 22 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 21.The intersection roughly helically shape of described curved surface groove and seal face.The bottom surface of described curved surface groove is connected and composed by two smooth surfaces, and one of them curved surface forms region of convergence, and another curved surface forms diverging region.Different from embodiment one, the sidewall that curved surface groove in the present embodiment does not rise steeply, the described characteristics of motion is that the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis.
Embodiment nine: refer to Figure 23 and Figure 24.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Figure 23 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment nine, and Figure 24 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 23.In the present embodiment the characteristics of motion be by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis.Described curved surface groove is symmetrical about the radial line of seal ring, seal arrangement rotates forward at running shaft, counter-rotating time can produce enough hydrodynamic effects.
Embodiment ten: refer to Figure 25 and Figure 26.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Figure 25 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment ten, and Figure 26 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 25.Identical with embodiment nine of the characteristics of motion in the present embodiment, difference is that each axle interaction relation, each axle initial position are different with final position.Described curved surface groove and the intersection of seal face are joined by three curves and form, described curved surface groove is obviously asymmetric about the radial line of seal ring, when the seal face offering the groove of curved surface shown in Figure 25 rotates by the direction of arrow shown in Figure 26, the shape of region of convergence makes fluid-encapsulatedly more easily to be pumped to downstream side, thus strengthens the lubrication effect to seal face.And when rotating in the opposite direction with side shown in arrow, knowing from experience by a small amount of sealant flow of flute profile dynamic pressure effect effect and being pumped to upstream from seal face, thus reduce to leak.
Embodiment 11: refer to Figure 27 and Figure 28.
Be that the shape of curved surface groove is different from the difference of preceding embodiment.Figure 27 represents the shape of seal face top-surface camber groove in embodiment 11, and Figure 28 is the plan view of shape shown in Figure 27.Identical with embodiment five of radius of a circle in the present embodiment, the characteristics of motion and each axle initial position, difference is that each axle final position is different.The curved surface groove formed comprises the sidewall risen steeply, and the curved surface degree of depth circumferentially reaches maximum gradually from 0 and joins with the sidewall that rises steeply in bosom and stop, and curved surface groove has the shape circumferentially shoaled gradually.Shallow slot mechanical seal described in the present embodiment when running shaft rotates forward sidewall in the front side of region of convergence, there is not diverging region, it is a kind of curved surface groove without diverging region, be equivalent to the diverging region of the curved surface groove do not offered described in embodiment five, therefore, single curved surface groove takies circumferential space to be reduced, but dynamic pressure effect does not have significant change, so just can strengthen total dynamic pressure effect by increasing groove quantity, at identical conditions the thickness of its fluid film or rigidity larger, reliability is higher.In the present embodiment, also can make the curved surface degree of depth circumferentially from 0 reach gradually maximum after shoal gradually again but also all do not reach 0 time just join with the sidewall that rises steeply and stop, form a kind of curved surface does not expand to seal face completely curved surface groove at radiating area.
Be understandable that, except embodiment five, in embodiment two to embodiment four, in embodiment six to embodiment ten, also can by selecting different end conditions, form the curved surface groove without diverging region, namely curved surface groove has the shape circumferentially shoaled gradually, or forms curved surface does not expand to seal face completely curved surface groove at radiating area.
In embodiment one to embodiment 11, curved surface groove all schematically offers 9, and in fact, according to different sealing loads and leakage rate requirement, the quantity that seal face is offered curved surface groove can be 2 ~ 200, or more.Certainly, according to the difference of closure size, the quantity of described curved surface groove is general also different, and size larger then groove quantity is more.
One described in this specification to be parallel to the rotation of straight line for axis of seal face, just for illustration of object, it is the rotation of axis that those skilled in the art also can be deformed into a straight line tilted with seal face.A straight line motion perpendicular to seal face described in this specification, just for illustration of object, those skilled in the art also can be deformed into a straight line motion tilted with seal face.One described in this specification straight line motion being parallel to seal face, just for illustration of object, those skilled in the art also can be deformed into a straight line motion tilted with seal face.
Be understandable that, when adopting the same characteristics of motion, by changing radius of a circle, each axle interaction relation, each axle initial position and each axle final position, formed curved surface groove shape can be changed, namely the curved surface groove adopting the same characteristics of motion to be formed may have various shape, protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as being only limitted to the concrete shape that embodiment states, protection scope of the present invention also comprises those skilled in the art according to the present invention's design by changing radius of a circle, each axle interaction relation, the various shapes that each axle initial position and each axle final position can obtain.
Be understandable that; when adopting different motion rule; by selecting suitable radius of a circle, each axle interaction relation, each axle initial position and final position; the curved surface groove formed may have similar shape, and protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as certain curved surface groove shape and can only be realized by a specific characteristics of motion.
Be understandable that; the specific implementation form of the characteristics of motion described in this specification is only the citing to inventive concept way of realization; just for illustration of object; protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as stated specific implementation form; those skilled in the art can also obtain more way of realization by the increase of motion, simplification or distortion, and protection scope of the present invention also and other way of realization obtained by the synthesis of motion, simplification or distortion according to the present invention's design in those skilled in the art.
Between described adjacent curved surface groove, the chute of the conventional structure forms such as T-slot, arc groove, spiral chute, rectangle groove can also be provided with to strengthen dynamic pressure effect, or be provided with annular groove to suppress leakage at dam facing, or be provided with guiding gutter to strengthen fluid-encapsulated supply at upstream side.
Shallow slot mechanical seal of the present invention is a kind of novel fluid dynamic and static pressure combined type non-contact mechanical seal, is applicable to the shaft sealing of the rotating machineries such as centrifugal compressor, axial flow compressor, helical-lobe compressor, turbocompressor, turbo-expander, centrifugal separator, pump, reactor, motor, stirrer.
Implement shallow slot mechanical seal total arrangement of the present invention and can have various ways: the double-sealing of list sealing, face-to-face formula, the double-sealing of back-to-back type, two-stage series connection sealing, thtee-stage shiplock sealing, double-sealing and list seal combined or single sealing and seal combined sealing etc. with two-stage series connection.
Claims (11)
1. a shallow slot mechanical seal, comprise stationary ring and rotating ring, on the seal face of rotating ring, or on the seal face of stationary ring, or simultaneously on these two seal faces, offer shallow slot, seal face outside diameter is that high pressure is surveyed, i.e. upstream side, internal side diameter is that low pressure is surveyed, i.e. downstream side, during work, the seal face of two rings is close to laminating, sealing medium is had in gap, rotatingshaft drives rotating ring to rotate relative to stationary ring, sealing medium is by the clearance leakage between two seal faces, it is characterized in that: described shallow slot is curved surface groove, the bottom surface of described curved surface groove is curved surface, described curved surface is a part for the smooth continuous curve surface formed by movement locus when three dimensional space moves by the characteristics of motion by a circumference, described curved surface groove has the three-dimensional contraction shape shoaling gradually from upstream side to downstream side and narrow.
2. shallow slot mechanical seal according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described characteristics of motion is that the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion being parallel to seal face,
Or seal ring is relative to the circumference the tilted rotation that to do with the straight line with seal ring axis being parallel be axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face,
Or the circumference the favouring seal face spiral motion that to do with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion that slightly tilts with seal face by one and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the compound motion that the straight line motion that slightly tilts with seal face and a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face form,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis spiral motion and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis spiral motion and a compound motion formed perpendicular to the straight line motion of seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or by one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, one with the parallel lines of seal ring axis be axis spiral motion and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a compound motion formed with the spiral motion that is axis of the parallel lines of seal ring axis and a straight line motion being parallel to seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a compound motion formed with the spiral motion that is axis of the parallel lines of seal ring axis and a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a compound motion formed with the spiral motion that is axis of the parallel lines of seal ring axis and a straight line motion being parallel to seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion being parallel to seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by the spiral motion that is axis with the parallel lines of seal ring axis, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, straight line motion and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis being parallel to seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does by a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the compound motion be made up of a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face, a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face and a straight line motion being parallel to seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion that slightly tilts with seal face by two and a compound motion formed perpendicular to the straight line motion of seal face,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does the straight line motion and the compound motion formed perpendicular to the straight line motion of seal face that are parallel to seal face by two,
Or by two straight line motions being parallel to seal face, one to be parallel to the rotation and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis that the straight line of seal face is axis,
Or the circumference favouring seal face does and is parallel to the straight line motion of seal face, a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis by two,
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by a straight line motion slightly tilted with seal face, one be parallel to the straight line motion of seal face, a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis
Or the circumference favouring seal face do by the spiral motion that is axis with the parallel lines of seal ring axis, one be parallel to the straight line motion of seal face, a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis
Or by one be parallel to seal face the rotation of straight line for axis, one be parallel to the straight line motion of seal face, a straight line motion perpendicular to seal face and a compound motion formed around the rotation of seal ring axis.
3. shallow slot mechanical seal according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the bottom surface of described curved surface groove is made up of a smooth surface, or is connected and composed by two smooth surfaces, or is connected and composed by two or more smooth surface.
4. the shallow slot mechanical seal according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described curved surface groove is symmetrical about the radial line of seal ring, or obviously asymmetric.
5. the shallow slot mechanical seal according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described curved surface groove is in the projection roughly helically shape of seal face.
6. the shallow slot mechanical seal according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described curved surface and the intersection of seal face are the streamline shape oppositely protruded with sense of rotation.
7. the shallow slot mechanical seal according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described curved surface groove also comprises the sidewall risen steeply, and described sidewall is in the inner side of curved surface groove.
8. the shallow slot mechanical seal according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described curved surface groove also comprises the sidewall risen steeply, the described curved surface degree of depth circumferentially reaches maximum gradually from 0 and joins with the sidewall that rises steeply in bosom and stop, curved surface groove has the shape circumferentially shoaled gradually, or the described curved surface degree of depth circumferentially from 0 reach gradually maximum after diminish gradually again but also all do not reach 0 time just join with the sidewall that rises steeply and stop, form a kind of curved surface does not expand to seal face completely curved surface groove at radiating area.
9. the shallow slot mechanical seal according to any one of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, the scope of the radius of described circumference is 20 ~ 500 millimeters, and the scope of the degree of depth of described curved surface lowest part is 0.5 ~ 200 micron, and the quantitative range of described curved surface groove is 2 ~ 200.
10. the shallow slot mechanical seal according to any one of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that, described seal face is provided with one group of curved surface groove that is identical, that along the circumferential direction regularly distribute, or comprises some groups of different curved surface grooves, often organizes and is along the circumferential direction uniformly distributed.
11. shallow slot mechanical seals according to any one of claim 1-10, it is characterized in that, between described adjacent curved surface groove, the chute of the conventional structure forms such as T-slot, arc groove, spiral chute, rectangle groove can also be provided with to strengthen dynamic pressure effect, or be provided with annular groove to suppress leakage at dam facing, or be provided with guiding gutter to strengthen fluid-encapsulated supply at upstream side.
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| CN201510298134.0A CN104989821A (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2015-06-04 | Mechanical seal with shallow slots |
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| CN201510298134.0A CN104989821A (en) | 2015-06-04 | 2015-06-04 | Mechanical seal with shallow slots |
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| CN105041709A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-11-11 | 霍凤伟 | Fluid dynamic pressure type mechanical seal used for nuclear main pump and mechanical seal system of nuclear main pump |
| CN105290901A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-02-03 | 霍凤伟 | Grinding machine for sealing ring |
| CN105397604A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-03-16 | 霍凤伟 | Grinder for sealing ring |
| CN114251456A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江工业大学 | Fin-shaped groove mechanical seal end face structure for unidirectional rotation |
| CN114251455A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江工业大学 | Mechanical seal end face with double-rotation-direction dynamic pressure effect |
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