CN104948190B - Method for caving top surrounding rock to form covering layer recovery stud - Google Patents
Method for caving top surrounding rock to form covering layer recovery stud Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for caving top surrounding rock to form a covering layer recovery stud, which divides a middle section into 3-4 layers, firstly, the stud of the uppermost layer and the top surrounding rock are caving at one time by adopting differential blasting to form a covering layer on the layer close to the top layer, other layered studs are recovered under the covering layer by adopting a caving method, and simultaneously, ores caving under the covering layers at two sides of the stud and ores of a bottom structure are recovered. The method combines the pillar recovery and the goaf treatment and places the combination in a complete system, and is suitable for mines with ore bodies above inclined medium thickness, thicker and large rock masses on the top, and complete bottom structures, and the method recovers the first mining intermediate pillars when an open stope mining method is adopted for mining, and ore blocks have no top pillars. The method can reduce the dilution rate of the pillar recovery, can effectively treat the goaf, eliminates the potential safety hazard caused by overlarge exposed area of the goaf, and realizes the upper and lower cooperation of caving top surrounding rock and recovering pillars.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique field, and in particular to country rock formation coating reclaims the side of studding at the top of a kind of avalanche
Method.
Background technology
Dug up mine using open-stope method, nugget is divided into mineral building and ore pillar, first rooming reclaims ore pillar afterwards.In back production ore deposit
Fang Shi, stope exists in spacious empty form, and the stability of barnyard is safeguarded by the intensity of ore pillar and country rock in itself.Mineral building back production knot
, it is necessary to reclaim ore pillar and processing goaf in time after beam.Generally individually reclaim ore pillar, it will increase dead zone exposure
Product, so as to increase potential safety hazard；And goaf is individually handled, ore and the casting resin of filling dead zone are mixed when can cause to reclaim ore pillar
Together, ore dilution is increased.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to solve the skill that ore pillar is reclaimed in the prior art and Mined-out Area control separate operaton is present
Art problem reclaims ore pillar and Mined-out Area control combines, realizes the upper of country rock and recovery ore pillar at the top of avalanche there is provided a kind of
The method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of the avalanche of lower collaboration.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical scheme：Country rock formation coating is returned at the top of a kind of avalanche
The method for receiving studding, this method comprises the following steps：
A, layering：To guarantee safely to reclaim studding under the cover, stage casing is divided into height 10-15m 3-4
Individual layering.
B, the volume for estimating studding both sides dead zone：In order that the studding and top country rock blasting in once-through of most higher slice are produced
Prose style free from parallelism amount can have the space of being scattered of abundance, and certain thickness coating is formed, to the dead zone preservation situation of studding both sides
Verified, the volume to dead zone is estimated.
C, calculating coating prose style free from parallelism amount：Rational overburden cover is the premise for ensureing studding safe retrieving, according to avalanche
The characteristics of rock covers lower ore drawing and requirement of the open-stope method to safe buffering cushion thickness determine overburden cover, according to determination
The natural repose angle of overburden cover and an avalanche prose style free from parallelism makees accumulation line of slope, calculates coating prose style free from parallelism region area, then with studding
Thickness, which is multiplied, draws the coating prose style free from parallelism amount of needs.
D, determination top country rock burst region：According to required coating prose style free from parallelism amount, with reference to the drillability of mine rock
And the rock drilling depth of medium-length hole rig, circle is drawn by the center of circle of rock drilling center, is enclosed with the scope that boundary line of ore bed and rock is surrounded as top
Rock burst region.
E, work arrangement：Tunnel drilling drift respectively in most higher slice, top country rock in studding, studding most on point
Layer tunnels the cutting gallery perpendicular to drilling drift, with the insertion of both sides goaf, in the middle part of the most higher slice, top country rock in studding
Position digging ventilation pedestrain raise, is respectively arranged vertical in cutting gallery, the most higher slice of studding and top country rock drilling drift
The characteristics of straight fan shaped medium length hole, work arrangement：One, which is that arteries and veins is inside and outside, ventilation pedestrain raise, it is ensured that stayed in removal process
There are two extra exits；Two be to eliminate the cutting crosscut of top country rock and to form the engineering that compensating space in blasting is done.
F, division burst region and determination blasting method：Quick-fried area headed by the most higher slice cutting gallery of studding, by " under first
The principle at upper disk top again after disk " divides remaining each subregion, is detonated successively in order according to explosion subregion, Shou Bao areas are with studding two
It is quick-fried as scope of freedom progress to cut gallery and goaf that the goaf of side carries out other subregions in explosion, studding as the scope of freedom
Broken, freely explosion downwards is in the space that top country rock is formed using after the studding explosion of bottom.The partition method eliminates top and enclosed
Rock is to form the engineering that compensating space in blasting is done, and flexibility is good.
G, recovery bottom studding：Coating is formed after the most higher slice of studding and top country rock explosion, is adopted under the cover
Most higher slice bottom studding is from top to bottom successively reclaimed with slicing and caving method, each layering is by upper disk to lower wall tunneling boring retrusive
Reclaim, most higher slice bottom studding ore removal is carried out from higher slice to lower leaf, from upper disk to lower wall successively according to ore caving interval, often
Next step is transferred to after the completion of one ore caving interval explosion, during ore drawing to cut-off grade again away from recovery, to ensure each step pitch, Mei Yifen
Layer recovery ore resource all as much as possible.Because the recovery of most higher slice bottom studding is carried out under ore coating,
Therefore, it is possible to the dilution of effectively reduction ore.
H, recovery avalanche are in the infratectal ore in studding both sides and polycrystalline substance：The most higher slice and top country rock of studding
After disposable avalanche, the part ore avalanche of studding reclaims the part ore and ore deposit to the bottom of both sides mineral building using Caving Method with Large Space
Room polycrystalline substance.
Further, the coating prose style free from parallelism region area is less than top country rock burst region area so that explosion avalanche
Prose style free from parallelism amount be more than need coating prose style free from parallelism amount, formed safe thickness coating.
Further, overburden cover is 14.5-15.5m in the step C.
Further, the construction of medium-length hole blasthole uses YGZ90 type rigs in the step E, and Parameters of Moderate Longhole Blasting is：When
Powder factor and the timing of blasthole close coefficient one, minimum burden W and aperture d are proportional, W=（25-40）D, fan
The bottom hole pitch a in shape hole=（1.1-1.5）W, wherein each blasting parameter takes large values in the country rock of top, gets the small value in cutting groove, studding
Normal row takes median.
Further, compound primacord propagation of explosion, Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator initiation net are used during the step F borehole blasting.
Further, the most higher slice of top country rock and studding uses onepull, diverse location difference in the step F
Using different short-delay blastings.
Further, using Hole-hole short-delay blasting in row in the top country rock：Multiple rows of same section of jack per line blasthole, sector two
Section increases successively upwards in side gun hole.
Further, using Hole-hole short-delay blasting in row in the most higher slice of the studding：Multiple rows of same section of jack per line blasthole,
Increase successively away from cutting groove direction blasthole section.
Further, using Hole-hole short-delay blasting in row in the most higher slice cutting gallery of the studding：Multiple rows of same gunfire
The same section in hole, increases successively away from both sides dead zone blasthole section.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with the prior art：The present invention is reclaimed and mined out for ore pillar in the prior art
The shortcoming that area's processing separate operaton is present, with reference to mining practices, proposes that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of a kind of avalanche
Method, stage casing is divided into 3-4 layering, the studding of most higher slice and top country rock used into short-delay blasting first by this method
Disposable avalanche, makes it close to coating is formed in the layering it under, use Caving Method with Large Space is layered to other under the cover
Studding is reclaimed, while the ore by avalanche in the infratectal ore in studding both sides and polycrystalline substance is reclaimed.This hair
It is bright to reclaim ore pillar and Mined-out Area control combines and is placed in a complete system, double days are employed on work arrangement
Well（Ventilation pedestrain raise）Single notching（Studding most higher slice formation cutting groove）Form, it is ensured that two are left in removal process
Extra exit, eliminates the cutting crosscut of top country rock and to form the engineering that compensating space in blasting is done, realizes studding and return
Receive and the collaboration of Mined-out area disposal is carried out, a kind of new method is provided for the first recovery for adopting studding in stage casing under coating.This hair
It is bright when being primarily adapted for use in Medium Thickness And Medium Slope Angle above ore body, top preservation and having thicker big rock mass, dug up mine using openstope method, reclaim first
The studding in stage casing is adopted, and nugget is without the complete mine of fore-set, polycrystalline substance.The present invention can not only reduce the dilution of ore pillar recovery
Rate, and effective processing can be carried out to goaf, eliminate because of the potential safety hazard that dead zone exposed area is excessive and produces, realization is collapsed
Caving portion country rock is with reclaiming cooperateing with up and down for ore pillar.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is studding recovery method schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is most higher slice studding work arrangement schematic diagram of the invention；
Fig. 3 is present invention top engineering of surrounding rock arrangement schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is explosion schematic diagram of the present invention.
Reference implication of the present invention is as follows：1st, studding；2nd, coating prose style free from parallelism region；3rd, rock drilling center；4th, boundary line of ore bed and rock；
5th, top country rock burst region；6th, drilling drift；7th, gallery is cut；8th, first layer；9th, the second layering；10th, the 3rd layering；
11st, line of slope is accumulated；12nd, ventilation pedestrain raise；L, overburden cover；B, natural repose angle.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment：
The method of country rock formation coating recovery studding adopts 1 in stage casing applied to certain Pb-Zn deposits head at the top of avalanche of the present invention
The recovery of number studding.The nugget parameter of the sublevel drilling Stage open stoping used according to mine, the long 60m of nugget, a height of stage casing is high
Spend 50m, a width of orebody thickness 42m, the wide 15m of studding, the high 12m of polycrystalline substance.Specific implementation situation is as follows：
1st, it is layered：As shown in figure 1, to guarantee safely to reclaim studding 1 under the cover, head is adopted into stage casing is divided into
3 layerings, the i.e. layering 10 of the layering of first layer 8, second 9 and the 3rd.
2nd, the volume of studding both sides dead zone is estimated：In order that studding and the production of top country rock blasting in once-through of the 3rd layering 10
Raw prose style free from parallelism amount can have the space of being scattered of abundance, and form certain thickness coating, to the dead zone preservation shape of the both sides of studding 1
Condition is verified, and the dead zone volume that stope mineral building can be formed after having adopted is 86170m3, then the dead zone body that can be formed in studding both sides
Product is 172340 m3。
3rd, coating prose style free from parallelism amount is calculated：Rational overburden cover is the premise for ensureing studding safe retrieving, according to avalanche
The requirement and combination mine reality of the characteristics of rock covers lower ore drawing and open-stope method to safe buffering cushion thickness, determine this
Overburden cover L when post 1 is reclaimed is 15m, as shown in figure 1, according to the overburden cover L of determination and the natural peace of an avalanche prose style free from parallelism
Cease angle b and make accumulation line of slope 11, L is 15m, and b is 39.5 °, with accumulation line of slope 11 and the layering of first layer 8 and the 3rd less than 10
Unrecovered studding area defined calculates the area of coating prose style free from parallelism region 2, then is multiplied with the thickness of studding 1 and draws the covering of needs
Layer prose style free from parallelism amount is 57318m3。
4th, top country rock burst region is determined：According to required coating prose style free from parallelism amount and the covering of safe thickness can be formed
Layer, the prose style free from parallelism amount of explosion avalanche should be greater than the coating prose style free from parallelism amount 57318m needed3, i.e. the area of top country rock burst region 5 should
More than the area of coating prose style free from parallelism region 2, with reference to the drillability and the rock drilling depth of medium-length hole rig of mine rock, as shown in figure 1,
It is that circle is drawn in the center of circle with rock drilling center 3, the scope surrounded with boundary line of ore bed and rock 4 is used as top country rock burst region 5.By estimation,
After the studding blasting in once-through avalanche that top country rock burst region 5 and the 3rd is layered, the prose style free from parallelism amount of avalanche is 66910m3, greatly
In the coating prose style free from parallelism amount of needs, the coating of safe enough thickness can be formed, is the studding of the second layering 9 and first layer 8
Recovery create favorable conditions.
5th, work arrangement：As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in the 3rd layering 10 studding, rock drilling lane is tunneled respectively in the country rock of top
Road 6, to ore body on disk boundary and the quick-fried country rock boundary corresponding with disk boundary on the studding of bottom, the 3rd layering 10 between
Driving is perpendicular to the cutting gallery 7 of drilling drift 6 in post, and with the insertion of both sides goaf, studding, top in the 3rd layering 10 enclose
Rock medium position digging ventilation pedestrain raise 12, in the studding and top country rock drilling drift 6 of cutting gallery the 7, the 3rd layering 10
Vertical fan shaped medium length hole is inside respectively arranged, the construction of medium-length hole blasthole uses YGZ90 type rigs, and Parameters of Moderate Longhole Blasting is：Work as list
Position explosive consumption and the timing of blasthole close coefficient one, minimum burden W and aperture d are proportional, W=（25-40）D, it is fan-shaped
The bottom hole pitch a in hole=（1.1-1.5）W, coefficient gets the small value when ore is hard, otherwise takes large values.According to above computing formula, it then follows
Each blasting parameter takes large values in " the big bottom hole pitch of island operation " principle, top country rock, is got the small value in cutting groove, and normally row takes studding
Median.
6th, divide burst region and determine blasting method：In the studding of 3rd layering 10 headed by 12-15m cutting gallery 7
Quick-fried area, divides remaining each subregion, as shown in figure 4, whole burst region is divided into by the principle of " disk top again is gone up after first lower wall "
4 subregions, wherein, I Shou Bao areas of area for studding 1 most higher slice cutting gallery 7, during explosion according to explosion subregion in order successively
Detonation, Shou Bao areas carry out explosion using the goaf of the both sides of studding 1 as the scope of freedom, and IIth area, IIIth area are to cut gallery 7 and goaf
For the scope of freedom carry out explosion, the space that IVth area is formed using after the studding explosion of bottom for freedom explosion downwards, the areas of Ji Xiang I, IIth area,
IIIth area and caving.During explosion use compound primacord propagation of explosion, Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator initiation net, top country rock and
The most higher slice of post uses onepull, and diverse location is respectively adopted in different short-delay blastings, top country rock using between row's endoporus
Short-delay blasting：Section increases successively upwards in multiple rows of same section of jack per line blasthole, fan-shaped both sides blasthole；Adopted in the most higher slice of studding
With Hole-hole short-delay blasting in row：Multiple rows of same section of jack per line blasthole, increases successively away from cutting groove direction blasthole section；Studding is most
Using Hole-hole short-delay blasting in row in higher slice cutting gallery 7：Multiple rows of same section of jack per line blasthole, away from both sides dead zone blasthole section
Increase successively.
7th, bottom studding is reclaimed：Coating is formed after the studding of 3rd layering 10 and top country rock explosion, under the cover
The studding of the second layering 9 and first layer 8 is from top to bottom successively reclaimed using slicing and caving method, each layering is by upper disk to lower wall
The studding ore removal of the recovery of tunneling boring retrusive, the second layering 9 and first layer 8 is according to ore caving interval successively from higher slice to lower point
Layer, carry out from upper disk to lower wall, be transferred to next step after the completion of each ore caving interval explosion, during ore drawing to cut-off grade again away from returning
Receive, according to stope structure and Parameters of Moderate Longhole Blasting, it is 2.4m, i.e., each row of avalanche two to determine ore caving interval.Due to second point
The recovery of the studding of layer 9 and first layer 8 is carried out under ore coating, therefore, it is possible to the dilution of effectively reduction ore.
8th, avalanche is reclaimed in the infratectal ore in studding both sides and polycrystalline substance：The most higher slice of studding 1 and top are enclosed
After the disposable avalanche of rock, the part ore avalanche of studding 1 to the bottom of both sides mineral building, using Caving Method with Large Space reclaim the part ore and
Mineral building polycrystalline substance.
By the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche of the present invention, Pb-Zn deposits head is adopted between stage casing 1
The common extracted ore amount 71698t of post, produces grade：Zn5.12%, Pb1.43%, studding comprehensive recovery 78.5%, comprehensive dilution
Rate 18.5%, technical indicator is superior to similar mine.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
A, layering：Mine stage casing is divided into 3-4 layering, the height being each layered is 10-15m；
B, the volume for estimating studding both sides dead zone：To studding（1）The dead zone preservation situation of both sides is verified, to the volume of dead zone
Estimated；
C, calculating coating prose style free from parallelism amount：The characteristics of ore drawing lower according to the covering of avalanche rock and open-stope method are to safe buffering cushion thickness
Requirement determine overburden cover（L）, according to the overburden cover of determination（L）With the natural repose angle of an avalanche prose style free from parallelism（b）Make heap
Product line of slope（11）, calculate coating prose style free from parallelism region（2）Area, then with studding（1）Thickness, which is multiplied, show that the coating of needs dissipates
The scale of construction；
D, determination top country rock burst region：According to required coating prose style free from parallelism amount, with reference to mine rock drillability and in
The rock drilling depth of deep hole rig, with rock drilling center（3）Draw and justify for the center of circle, with boundary line of ore bed and rock（4）The scope surrounded is as top
Country rock burst region（5）；
E, work arrangement：In studding（1）Most higher slice, tunnel drilling drift respectively in the country rock of top（6）, in studding（1）'s
Most higher slice is tunneled perpendicular to drilling drift（6）Cutting gallery（7）, and both sides goaf insertion, in studding（1）Most upper point
Layer digging ventilation pedestrain raise（12）, the country rock medium position digging ventilation pedestrain raise at top（12）, in cutting gallery（7）、
Studding（1）Most higher slice and top country rock drilling drift（6）Inside it is respectively arranged vertical fan shaped medium length hole；
F, division burst region and determination blasting method：Studding（1）Most higher slice cutting gallery（7）Headed by quick-fried area, by " first
The principle at upper disk top again after lower wall " divides remaining each subregion, is detonated successively in order according to explosion subregion, Shou Bao areas are with studding
（1）The goaf of both sides carries out explosion, studding as the scope of freedom（1）Interior other subregions are to cut gallery（7）It is certainly with goaf
Explosion is carried out by face, freely explosion downwards is in the space that top country rock is formed using after the studding explosion of bottom；
G, recovery bottom studding：Studding（1）Most higher slice and top country rock explosion after form coating, use under the cover
Slicing and caving method from top to bottom successively reclaims most higher slice bottom studding, and each layering is returned by upper disk to lower wall tunneling boring retrusive
Receive, most higher slice bottom studding ore removal is carried out from higher slice to lower leaf, from upper disk to lower wall successively according to ore caving interval, each
Next step is transferred to after the completion of ore caving interval explosion, during ore drawing to cut-off grade again away from recovery；
H, recovery avalanche are in the infratectal ore in studding both sides and polycrystalline substance：Studding（1）Most higher slice and top country rock
After disposable avalanche, studding（1）Part ore avalanche to the bottom of both sides mineral building, using Caving Method with Large Space reclaim the part ore and
Mineral building polycrystalline substance.
2. the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Coating prose style free from parallelism region（2）Area is less than top country rock burst region（5）Area.
3. the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Overburden cover in step C（L）For 14.5-15.5m.
4. the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The construction of medium-length hole blasthole uses YGZ90 type rigs in step E, and Parameters of Moderate Longhole Blasting is：When powder factor and blasthole
The timing of close coefficient one, minimum burden W and aperture d are proportional, W=（25-40）D, the bottom hole pitch a of scallop hole=（1.1-
1.5）W, wherein each blasting parameter takes large values in the country rock of top, each blasting parameter gets the small value in cutting groove, and studding is normally arranged each quick-fried
Broken parameter takes median.
5. the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Compound primacord propagation of explosion, Millisecond Nonel Tube Detonator initiation net are used during step F borehole blasting.
6. the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Top country rock and studding in step F（1）Most higher slice use onepull, different short-delay blastings are respectively adopted in diverse location.
7. the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Using Hole-hole short-delay blasting in row in the country rock of top：Section is upward successively in multiple rows of same section of jack per line blasthole, fan-shaped both sides blasthole
Increase.
8. the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Studding（1）Most higher slice in using row in Hole-hole short-delay blasting：Multiple rows of same section of jack per line blasthole, away from cutting groove direction blasthole
Section increases successively.
9. the method that country rock formation coating reclaims studding at the top of avalanche according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：It is described
Studding（1）Most higher slice cutting gallery（7）Hole-hole short-delay blasting in the interior row of use：Multiple rows of same section of jack per line blasthole, away from two
Side dead zone blasthole section increases successively.
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| CN105863727B (en) * | 2016-04-21 | 2018-07-31 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for treating pillar goaf |
| CN106121647A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-11-16 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for centralized recovery of lag pillars through fractional blasting |
| CN106522955B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-10-12 | 广西大学 | Dead zone waste fill cooperates with the studding recovery method of reconstruction coating with top country rock avalanche |
| CN107035372A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-11 | 临沂会宝岭铁矿有限公司 | A kind of moat ditch formula polycrystalline substance enters trackside peak abutment post recovery method |
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| US4219237A (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1980-08-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for maximizing shale oil recovery from an underground formation |
| CN101042051B (en) * | 2007-01-18 | 2010-08-18 | 宝钢集团上海梅山有限公司 | Arrangement method for initial mining sublevel stoping drift with sublevel caving method |
| CN102269554B (en) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-07-03 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for treating underground mine goaf by forming covering layer by chamber blasting technology |
| CN102589372B (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-12-04 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Chamber and deep hole blasting method of gob |
| CN102808622B (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-08-20 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for recovering ore pillar by medium-length hole and deep hole combined blasting technology |
| CN104405395B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-11-30 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method for transition of underground ore body from open stope mining method to caving mining method |
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