CN104940293B - A kind of method that alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are extracted from mulberry leaf - Google Patents
A kind of method that alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are extracted from mulberry leaf Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method that alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are extracted from mulberry leaf.Step is as follows：Mulberry Leaf is extracted in an acidic solution, collects extract solution I and filter residue；Filter residue is extracted in alkaline solution, collects extract solution II；Extract solution I and extract solution II are handled, precipitation and separation, and collect extract solution III and extract solution IV respectively, except solvent, be made into the aqueous solution respectively；The aqueous solution cationic exchange resin adsorption of extract solution III, cationic ion-exchange resin after absorption are eluted with water and alkali lye successively, collect aqueous phase I and alkali lye phase respectively, and alkali lye is divided by solvent, that is, obtains alkaloid；The aqueous solution macroporous resin adsorption of extract solution IV, the macroreticular resin after absorption is eluted with water and organic solvent successively, aqueous phase II is collected respectively and organic phase, organic phase removes solvent, that is, obtain flavones；Above-mentioned precipitation and aqueous phase I and aqueous phase II are removed into water, that is, obtain polysaccharide.The present invention can save material, and can put forward alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones in a collection of Mulberry Leaf.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are extracted from mulberry leaf, belong to the extraction of natural products
Technical field of purification.
Background technology
Mulberry leaf (mulberry leaves), alias myriosorus maidenhair herb, planted for Moraceae (moraceae) Morus (morus nigra)
The leaf of thing mulberry tree, it is the leaves of plants of the medicine-food two-purpose of health ministry issue, its is sweet, bitter, cold in nature, return lung, Liver Channel, has
Dispelling wind and heat from the body, suppressing liver-YANG, clearing away the lungheat and moisturizing, blood-stanching and blood-cooling etc. act on.Mulberry plant (Morus, Moraceac), in the world about
There are 16 kinds, be distributed in north temperate zone, Tropical Asian, the Africa torrid zone and America area.For the Morus alba Resource Development of China with abundant famous, its is every
The yield position of the mulberry leaf in year is at the forefront in the world, and mulberry leaf are distributed throughout the country, and the mulberry yield of wherein SOUTHERN CHINA is larger, mainly
For breeding silkworms, Jiangsu and Zhejiang region yield are maximum.Due to climate in china complicated condition, ecological environment is various, creates very
There are 15 mulberry kinds in abundant mulberry tree species resource, current China, mainly had：Mulberry (Morus alba), chicken mulberry (Morus
Australis Poir), Hua Sang (Morus cathayana Hemsl), cover mulberry (Morus Mongolica Schneid), mountain
Mulberry (Morus diabolia), morus laevigata (Morus laevigata Wall).Contemporary pharmacological research proves that mulberry leaf have very high
Nutritive value, and also containing some amino acid necessary to the mankind, additionally comprising vitamin, inorganic salts, alkaloids,
Flavonoids, polysaccharide functional components.
Medicine mulberry belongs to black mulberry kind (the Morus nigra of Moraceae (Moraceac) Morus (Morus L.) in Plant Taxonomy
L.), it is China's uniquely black mulberry kind mulberry tree breed with 22 chromosome G bandings.In Xinjiang Main Cultivation be South Sinkiang Acker
Soviet Union, Ku Che and Hotan Prefecture, always by the medicinal material among the people as the Uygur nationality, mulberry leaf, ramulus mori, mulberry fruit have anti-inflammatory, hypotensive,
It is hypoglycemic, remove interior free yl, enrich blood and the medicinal efficacy such as calmness.Medicine mulberry is in extreme drought and extremely cold very hot because of long term growth
Deserts in Xinjiang, rugged environment causes it to produce special 22 times of chromosome G banding types, thus also causes medicine mulberry body
Interior some existing chemical substance overexpressions or some materials not having in other mulberry germ plasm resources are belonged to together of generation,
Therefore the secondary metabolite in medicine mulberry body is compared with other mulberry races, it is understood that there may be larger difference, so as to important
Scientific research and value of exploiting and utilizing.
It is more to the pharmacology activity research report of the chemical composition of Mulberry plant both at home and abroad, but to the characteristic kind-medicine in Xinjiang
The research of mulberry is still insufficient, and recent year has carried out the correlative study to medicine mulberry bioactive ingredients and pharmacological action, and takes
Obtained certain progress：Xu Li seminars of Southwest University are using ethanol immersion, organic solvent extraction and purifying resin, from medicine ramulus mori
Obtain morin；Zhou Jing analyzes the regional three kinds of mulberries nutritional ingredients of Kuqa, obtains the nutritive value highest of drug mulberry fruit；Buy
Buy and carry according to the bright flavones for reporting medicine mulberry and polyphenols separation；Extraction to medicine mulberry polysaccharide also has been reported that；Song is analyzed
The different mulberry leaf in 33 kinds of China contain including several active materials such as the NDJ in Xinjiang mulberry and Tian Baisang, flavones, resveratrol
Amount, majority research are concentrated mainly on extraction and the assay of simple target chemical composition, but can not obtain simultaneously alkaloid,
Polysaccharide and flavones, make to waste material, increase cost.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are extracted from mulberry leaf, the present invention can be
Alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are put forward with a collection of Mulberry Leaf, saved material, so as to save cost.
The method provided by the invention that alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are extracted from mulberry leaf, comprises the following steps：1) by mulberry leaf
Powder is heated to reflux in the aqueous solution I of acid and Extraction solvent I, extracted at least 1 time, filters, and collects extract solution I and filter residue；
The filter residue is heated to reflux in the aqueous solution II of alkali and Extraction solvent II, extracted at least 1 time, is filtered, is collected
Extract solution II；
2) extract solution I and the extract solution II are dissolved in solvent, regulation pH value respectively, place, then filter, respectively
Extract solution III and extract solution IV are collected, and collects obtained precipitation；
3) extract solution III and extract solution IV are removed into solvent, is then made into the aqueous solution and extract solution of extract solution III respectively
IV aqueous solution；
4) cationic exchange resin adsorption is added into the aqueous solution of the extract solution III, by the cation after absorption
Exchanger resin is eluted with water and alkali lye successively, collects aqueous phase I and alkali lye phase respectively, the alkali lye is mutually removed into solvent, that is, obtained
The alkaloid；
Macroporous resin adsorption is added into the aqueous solution of the extract solution IV, the macroreticular resin after absorption is used successively
Water and organic solvent elution, collect aqueous phase II and organic phase respectively, and the organic phase is removed into solvent, that is, obtains the flavones；
Precipitation described in step 2) is merged with the aqueous phase I and the aqueous phase II, water is removed, that is, obtains the polysaccharide.
Above-mentioned method, the step of also including concentrating the extract solution I and the extract solution II in step 2).
Above-mentioned method, the volume after the extract solution I concentrates can be the 1/10~1/50 of condensate precursor product；
Volume after the extract solution II concentrates can be the 1/10~1/50 of condensate precursor product.
Above-mentioned method, the Mulberry Leaf are medicine Mulberry Leaf；
The particle diameter of the Mulberry Leaf can be 50~200 mesh, concretely 100 mesh；
The mass volume ratio of the Mulberry Leaf and the acid and the aqueous solution I of Extraction solvent I can be 10~100g/L, tool
Body can be 20g/L, 50g/L or 20~50g/L；
In the aqueous solution I of the acid and Extraction solvent I, the sour concentration can be 0.01~0.03mol/mL, specifically
Can be 20mol/L (i.e. 0.02mol/mL), the acidity is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, preferably hydrochloric acid；The Extraction solvent I is
Ethanol, water or methanol, preferred alcohol, the mass percentage concentration of the Extraction solvent I can be 50~90%, concretely 59%,
60% or 59~60%；
In the aqueous solution I of the acid and Extraction solvent I, the temperature of extraction can be 75~85 DEG C, concretely 80 DEG C, carry
The time taken can be 30~90min, concretely 60min, 65min or 60~65min, and the number of extraction can be 2~5 times, tool
Body can be 3 times.
In the present invention, the pretreatment of the Mulberry Leaf is dried, is then comminuted into for mulberry leaf are rinsed well with circulating water
The powder of 50~200 mesh, prepare the Mulberry Leaf.
Above-mentioned method, in step 1), the mass ratio of the filter residue and the alkali and the aqueous solution II of Extraction solvent II can
For 1：10~100, concretely 1：20；
The pH value that the alkali adjusts the aqueous solution II can be 10~12, and the alkali is calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or carbon
Sour sodium, preferably calcium hydroxide, it is the aqua calcis of saturation in the aqueous solution II；
The Extraction solvent II is ethanol, water or methanol, and preferred alcohol, the mass percentage concentration of the Extraction solvent II can
For 50~90%, concretely 60%；
In the aqueous solution II of the alkali and Extraction solvent II, the temperature of extraction is 75~85 DEG C, concretely 80 DEG C, is carried
The time taken is 30~90min, concretely 60min, and the number of extraction is 2~5 times, concretely 3 times.
Above-mentioned method, solvent described in step 2) are ethanol, and more than 85% ethanol can effectively remove sugar, albumen etc.
Material, mixed according to similar, relevant with the polarity of polysaccharide, if the monosaccharide groups of polysaccharide are more, the hydroxyl of institute's band is also more, more
The polarity of sugar also just increases, and the organic matter of polarity is easy to become solution in the solvent of polarity, polarity it is small to be soluble in polarity small or nonpolar molten
Agent, the larger dissolubility in water of polysaccharide polarity is fine but, very low in the dissolubility of alcohol, has accomplished grading purification)；
The volume ratio of the extract solution I and the solvent is 1：1~5, the volume ratio of the extract solution II and the solvent
For 1：1~5；
The pH value can be 3~4, and the temperature of the placement can be 2~4 DEG C, and the time can be 12~24h, concretely
24h。
Above-mentioned method, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the extract solution III can be 0.2~0.5g/ml, concretely 0.25g/
The concentration of the aqueous solution of ml, 0.5g/ml or 0.25~0.5g/ml extract solutions IV can be 0.25~0.6g/ml, concretely
0.3g/ml, 0.6g/ml or 0.3~0.6g/ml
Step 3) also includes the extract solution III removing the step of at least carrying out 1 extraction after solvent.
Above-mentioned method, in step 3), the extraction use water, petroleum ether and n-butanol, collection n-butanol phase, it is described just
Butanol mutually removes n-butanol using the method being evaporated under reduced pressure；
The extraction is carried out 1~5 time, concretely 3 times.
Above-mentioned method, in step 4), the cationic ion-exchange resin is 732 type cationic ion-exchange resins, CD-180 types
Cationic ion-exchange resin or D152 type Macroporous weak acid cation exchange resins, preferably 732 type cationic ion-exchange resins, alkaloid
Typically exist in the form of an ion in neutral or acid solution, usually utilize the acid group of resin cation and the amine of alkaloid
Base group is acted on, and alkaloid is enriched on resin, then is dissociated alkaloid with alkali lye, obtains free alkaloid；
The alkali lye is ammonia aqueous solution, and the concentration of the alkali lye can be 0.3~0.6mol/L, concretely 0.5mol/
L；
The organic solvent is ethanol, and concretely mass percentage concentration is 90% ethanol.
Above-mentioned method, in step 4), the aqueous solution of the extract solution III, the cationic ion-exchange resin, described in elution
The mass ratio of the water of cationic ion-exchange resin and the alkali lye is 1：3~50：3~1000：1~1000, concretely 1：25：
15：9.5；
The aqueous solution, the macroreticular resin, the water of the elution macroreticular resin and the organic solvent of the extract solution IV
Mass ratio can be 1：3~50：3~1000：1~1000, concretely 1：25：15：12.2.
The present invention has advantages below：
1st, mulberry leaf are the drying blade of perennial plant mulberry, account for the 64% of mulberry tree aerial part, are the main productions of mulberry tree
Thing, aboundresources, it can make full use of.
2nd, the present invention is alkaline matter using alkaloid, and it is soluble in water to be easily combined into salt with acid；Polysaccharose substance is in acidity
Dissolved in solution preferable；Flavonoid substances in acidity, are extracted using aqueous slkali more, obtain preliminary purification.
3rd, so that with a raw material, plurality of active ingredients can be obtained, raw material effectively utilize, and have saved cost.
4th, the present invention uses resin adsorption method separating flavone, polysaccharide, alkaloid, can remove impurity, and reach separation
Purpose, easy to operate, cost is cheap.
5th, the present invention uses petroleum ether, extracting n-butyl alcohol alkaloid crude extract, is not only effectively enriched total alkaloid, and obtain
The active ingredients such as the 1-DNJ (1-DNJ) with blood sugar reducing function are arrived.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the extraction flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the interaction diagram of the condition of present invention extraction alkaloid.
Fig. 3 is the interaction diagram of the condition of present invention extraction polysaccharide.
Fig. 4 is the interaction diagram of the condition of present invention extraction flavones.
Embodiment
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material used, reagent etc., unless otherwise specified, are commercially obtained in following embodiments.
Embodiment 1, alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are extracted from mulberry leaf
Carry out extracting alkaloid, polysaccharide and the flavones in medicine mulberry leaf according to flow chart as shown in Figure 1.
(1) extract：
1) 100g 100 mesh medicine Mulberry Leafs are weighed in 5000ml round-bottomed flasks, add hydrochloric acid/ethanol water heating
Backflow, the wherein concentration of hydrochloric acid are 0.02mol/ml, and the mass percentage concentration of ethanol is 60%, and the mass volume ratio of feed liquid is (i.e.
The mass ratio of the mixed liquor of medicine Mulberry Leaf and hydrochloric acid and ethanol solution) be 20g/L, Extracting temperature is 80 DEG C, and extraction time is
60min, extraction time are 3 times.Filtration obtains extract solution I (being to carry product containing alkaloid and the thick of polysaccharide) and filter residue；
2) heated in water solution that the filter residue in 1) is rejoined to calcium hydroxide/ethanol flows back, wherein, calcium hydroxide exists
It is saturated calcium hydroxide solution in the aqueous solution, the pH value for adjusting the aqueous solution is 10~12, and the mass percentage concentration of ethanol is 60%,
Feed liquid mass volume ratio is 20g/L, and temperature is 80 DEG C, extraction time 60min, and extraction time is 3 times.Filtration obtains extract solution
II (being slightly to carry product containing flavones).
(2) concentrate：
The extract solution I obtained in (1) and extract solution II are concentrated into 30ml volumes respectively.
(3) extraction sugar：
Solution after concentration is separately added into the twice volume of concentrate of 90% ethanol, tune pH value is 3-4, is put into refrigerator
(about 2-4 DEG C) 24h, filter, obtain extract solution III and extract solution IV, and the precipitation (being raw sugar) of the two.
(4) extract：
Extract solution III after extraction sugar and extract solution IV are distinguished into vacuum rotary steam and remove solvent, then it is water-soluble to distill respectively
Solution, distilled water volume 20ml, obtain the extract solution III that concentration is 0.25g/ml the aqueous solution (be biological aqueous alkali) and
Concentration is the aqueous solution (being the flavones aqueous solution) of 0.3g/ml extract solution IV.
(5) resin adsorption：
1) 732 type cationic ion-exchange resin：Handed over the type cations of 500g 732 are added in the aqueous solution of 80ml extract solutions III
Resin adsorption is changed, first distills water elution with 3000mL, aqueous phase (being the aqueous solution containing polysaccharide) is collected, then uses 3000mL
0.5mol/l ammoniacal liquor (it is 191.1g to be converted into quality) elutes, and collects alkali lye phase, is concentrated under reduced pressure into dry, produces alkaloid；
2) D-101 types macroporous resin adsorption：The aqueous solution (being the flavones aqueous solution) of 80ml extract solutions IV is added into 500g
Macroporous resin adsorption, water elution first is distilled with 3000mL, aqueous phase (being the aqueous solution containing polysaccharide) is collected, then with 3000mL's
Mass percentage concentration is 90% ethanol (it is 244.5g to be converted into quality) elution, collects organic phase, is concentrated under reduced pressure into dry, that is, obtains
Flavones；
3) by 1 in the precipitation obtained in step (3) (be raw sugar) and step (5)) with 2) obtained aqueous phase merges, removing
Distilled water, that is, obtain polysaccharide.
The alkaloid, polysaccharide and the flavones that are extracted to the present invention carry out the measure of content：
Alkaloid is surveyed using acid-base titration, methyl red-bromocresol green is indicator, is given birth in 100g medicine mulberry leaf
Alkaloids 0.18g；
Polysaccharide is dissolved with distilled water, is settled to 50ml volumetric flasks, is reference substance with glucose, using H2SO4-anthrone method
Polyoses content is surveyed, polysaccharide 9.8g is obtained in 100g medicine mulberry leaf；
Flavones is dissolved with 65% ethanol, is settled to 50ml volumetric flasks, rutin is reference substance, using NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-
NaOH colorimetric method for determining general flavone contents, flavones 16.5g is obtained in 100g medicine mulberry leaf.
Implement 2, the condition optimizing of alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones is extracted from mulberry leaf
It is identical with method in embodiment 1, as shown in table 1, alkaloid, polysaccharide and the flavones of the corresponding extraction of different conditions
Content.It is respectively the interaction diagram of the condition of present invention extraction alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones shown in Fig. 2,3 and 4.
The response of extracted amount corresponding to the various extracting conditions of table 1
Multiple regression fitting is carried out using Design-Expert V8.0.6.1 softwares, obtains regression model equation：
Y1=-19.39+0.43X1+0.56X2+0.04X3+122.99X4-3.75×10-6X1X2+6.56×10-5X1X3+
0.17X1X4+3.38×10-5X2X3-0.94X2X4+0.06X3X4-3.71×10-3X1 2-0.01X2 2-3.53×10-4X3 2-
2893.85X4 2
R2=0.9306
Y2=-231.81+7.61X1-4.92X2+1.97X3+16322.77X4+0.35X1X2+0.03X1X3-68.27X1X4-
0.02X2X3-347.87X2X4-76.19X3X4-0.14X1 2-0.20X2 2-0.02X3 2-58704.06X4 2
R2=0.6172
Y3=-906.88+28.38X1+13.26X2+1.60X3+2509.12X4+0.02X1X2+0.03X1X3-37.72X1X4+
0.02X2X3+75.64X2X4+44.03X3X4-0.24X1 2-0.44X2 2-0.04X3 2-1.10×105X4 2
R2=0.9091
By the above-mentioned present invention is calculated and extracts alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones containing most preferably extraction process bar
Part, as shown in table 2.
The present invention of table 2 most preferably extracting factor
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that alkaloid, polysaccharide and flavones are extracted from mulberry leaf, comprises the following steps：1) by Mulberry Leaf acid and
It is heated to reflux, extracts at least 1 time in the aqueous solution I of Extraction solvent I, filter, collects extract solution I and filter residue；
The Mulberry Leaf is medicine Mulberry Leaf；
The Extraction solvent I is ethanol, water or methanol；
The filter residue is heated to reflux in the aqueous solution II of alkali and Extraction solvent II, extracted at least 1 time, is filtered, collects extraction
Liquid II；
The Extraction solvent II is ethanol, water or methanol；
2) extract solution I and the extract solution II are dissolved in solvent, regulation pH value respectively, place, then filter, collect respectively
Extract solution III and extract solution IV, and collect obtained precipitation；
Solvent described in step 2) is ethanol；The pH value is 3~4；
3) extract solution III and extract solution IV are removed into solvent, is then made into the aqueous solution and extract solution IV of extract solution III respectively
The aqueous solution；
4) cationic exchange resin adsorption is added into the aqueous solution of the extract solution III, by the cation exchange after absorption
Resin is eluted with water and alkali lye successively, collects aqueous phase I and alkali lye phase respectively, the alkali lye is mutually removed into solvent, that is, is obtained described
Alkaloid；
Add macroporous resin adsorption into the aqueous solution of the extract solution IV, by the macroreticular resin after absorption successively with water and
Organic solvent is eluted, and collects aqueous phase II and organic phase respectively, and the organic phase is removed into solvent, that is, obtains the flavones；
The organic solvent is ethanol；
Precipitation described in step 2) is merged with the aqueous phase I and the aqueous phase II, water is removed, that is, obtains the polysaccharide.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that：Also include the extract solution I and described carry in step 2)
The step of taking liquid II to concentrate.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that：Volume after the extract solution I concentrates is accumulated for condensate precursor
1/10~1/50；
Volume after the extract solution II concentrates is the 1/10~1/50 of condensate precursor product.
4. according to the method any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that：The particle diameter of the Mulberry Leaf be 50~
200 mesh；
The mass volume ratio of the Mulberry Leaf and the acid and the aqueous solution I of Extraction solvent I is 10~100g/L；
In the aqueous solution I of the acid and Extraction solvent I, the sour concentration is 0.01~0.03mol/mL, and the acid is salt
Acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid；The mass percentage concentration of the Extraction solvent I is 50~90%；
In the aqueous solution I of the acid and Extraction solvent I, the temperature of extraction is 75~85 DEG C, time of extraction for 30~
90min, the number of extraction is 2~5 times.
5. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：In step 1), the filter residue and the alkali and extraction are molten
The mass ratio of the aqueous solution II of agent II is 1：10~100；
The pH value that the alkali adjusts the aqueous solution II is 10~12, and the alkali is calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate；
The mass percentage concentration of the Extraction solvent II is 50~90%；
In the aqueous solution II of the alkali and Extraction solvent II, the temperature of extraction is 75~85 DEG C, time of extraction for 30~
90min, the number of extraction is 2~5 times.
6. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：In step 2), the extract solution I and the solvent
Volume ratio is 1：1~5, the volume ratio of the extract solution II and the solvent is 1：1~5；
2~4 DEG C of the temperature of the placement, time are 12~24h.
7. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：The concentration of the aqueous solution of the extract solution III be 0.2~
0.5g/ml, the concentration of the aqueous solution of extract solution IV is 0.25~0.6g/ml；
Step 3) also includes the extract solution III removing the step of at least carrying out 1 extraction after solvent.
8. according to the method for claim 7, it is characterised in that：In step 3), the extraction uses water, petroleum ether and positive fourth
The mixed liquor of alcohol, collect n-butanol phase；
The extraction is carried out 1~5 time.
9. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：In step 4), the cationic ion-exchange resin is 732
Type cationic ion-exchange resin, CD-180 types cationic ion-exchange resin or D152 type Macroporous weak acid cation exchange resins；
The alkali lye is ammonia aqueous solution, and the concentration of the alkali lye is 0.3~0.6mol/L.
10. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：In step 4), the aqueous solution of the extract solution III, institute
The mass ratio for stating cationic ion-exchange resin, the water of the elution cationic ion-exchange resin and the alkali lye is 1：3~50：3~
1000：1~1000；
The aqueous solution of the extract solution IV, the macroreticular resin, the matter of the water of the elution macroreticular resin and the organic solvent
Amount is than being 1：3~50：3~1000：1~1000.
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| CN108497497B (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2021-08-31 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Method for extracting and preserving active substances of mulberry leaves |
| CN109350746B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-07-23 | 塔里木大学 | Preparation method of 1-deoxynojirimycin sustained release preparation with mulberry leaf polysaccharide as carrier |
| CN109553654B (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-06-07 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | The method of glycyrrhizin, licoflavone and licorice polysaccharide is extracted from Radix Glycyrrhizae |
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