CN104894480B - Spray formed cold work tool steel - Google Patents
Spray formed cold work tool steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104894480B CN104894480B CN201510249673.5A CN201510249673A CN104894480B CN 104894480 B CN104894480 B CN 104894480B CN 201510249673 A CN201510249673 A CN 201510249673A CN 104894480 B CN104894480 B CN 104894480B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spray formed cold work tool steel, which comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 1.0%-1.5% of C, 0.1%-0.5% of W, less than or equal to 2.0% of Mo, 11.1%-15.2% of Cr, 0.6%-1.5% of V, 0.2%-1.0% of Nb, 0.05%-0.5% of Co, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, 0.2%-0.6% of Mn, 0.1%-0.8% of N, and the balance iron and impurities. The carbide of the spray formed cold work tool steel is MC carbide and M7C3 carbide, wherein the type of the MC carbide is (V, Nb)(C, N). The prepared spray formed cold work tool steel has uniformly distributed carbide with fine particle size, and has excellent wear resistance and toughness. The invention employs the spray forming process for preparation, the preparation cost is lower than that of powder metallurgy process, thus being beneficial to reduction of the overall cost of alloy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cold work tool steel, more particularly to a kind of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel.
Background technology
Cold work tool steel should be provided simultaneously with including four aspects such as anti-wear performance, impact flexibility, bending strength and hardness
Excellent properties.Under regular service conditionss, anti-wear performance determines the length of service life, and the anti-wear performance of tool steel is depended on
The content of hard second phase, form and particle size distribution present in matrix hardness and steel.Hard second phase in steel includes
M6C、M2C、M23C6、M7C3And MC etc., the microhardness of MC carbides is higher than other carbides, can be more preferable in operation process
Ground protect the substrate, so as to reduce the generation of abrasion, improves the service life of tool and mould.The impact flexibility of tool steel is reflection toughness
Important indicator, the presence of thick carbide in steel causes stress concentration, reduces instrument steel toughness, causes in relatively low external force
Loading is lower to there is fracture, and in order to improve instrument steel toughness, it is important means to reduce carbide content or refined carbides granularity.
In order to avoid the generation of plastic deformation during tool steel use, tool steel usually requires that hardness reaches more than HRC60.
Tool steel is mainly prepared using traditional cast forging process at present, prepares tool steel by technique mistake using cast forging process
The restriction of journey molten steel Slow cooling Solidification Characteristics, alloying component are susceptible to segregation in process of setting, form thick carbonization
Thing is organized, and even across the process of follow-up forging rolling, this harmful structure still can bring harmful effect to alloy property, cause casting forging
Include on instrument Steel Properties that intensity, toughness, anti-wear performance, grindability energy etc. are in low level, it is difficult to meet high-end processing
Requirement of the manufacture to materials'use performance and lifetime stability.Tool steel is prepared using powder metallurgical technique and solves alloying element
The problem of segregation, prepares alloy structure fine uniform, and comparing casting wrought alloy performance has and significantly lifted, but asking of existing
Topic is powder metallurgical technique complexity, long flow path, brings the raising of cost, limits widely using for powder metallurgy tool steel.
Under this kind of background, tool steel is prepared using spray deposition processing in recent years and is developed, the technological principle of reaction-injection moulding is lazy
Property the gas such as protective atmosphere such as nitrogen, argon under, motlten metal is broken into into tiny metal drop using gases at high pressure, be atomized
Molten drop is cooled to half curdled appearance in flight course, and deposition receptor surface is clashed in these half curdled appearance molten drop flights, sends out
Raw deposition, progressively long great achievement bulk metal deposit preform, subsequently can carry out forging rolling processing and obtain required form material to deposit preform.Adopt
Tool steel is prepared with spray deposition processing it has been reported that but as the proportioning of its material composition is not reasonable, the tool steel of generation
Its carbide tissue is not ideal enough, and its performance is not excellent enough.
The content of the invention
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of reaction-injection moulding cold-working with excellent properties
Tool steel.
For achieving the above object, its chemical constituent of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the invention is wrapped by mass percentage
Include：C：1.0%-1.5%, W：0.1%-0.5%, Mo：≤ 2.0%, Cr：11.1%-15.2%, V：0.6%-1.5%, Nb：0.2%-1.0%,
Co：0.05%-0.5%, Si：≤ 0.5%, Mn：0.2%-0.6%, N：0.1%-0.8%, balance of ferrum and impurity；The reaction-injection moulding
The carbide of cold work tool steel consists of MC carbides and M7C3Carbide, the type of wherein MC carbides is（V、Nb）（C、N）.
The present invention by the design of alloying component, promote tool steel under spray deposition processing the forming core of carbide with it is thin
Change, so as to improve the anti-wear performance and toughness of tool steel.
C element part is solid-solution in matrix, improves matrix strength, meanwhile, C element is one of component of carbide, is contained
Amount can not be less than 1.0%, and to ensure that alloying element can fully participate in Carbide Precipitation, the maximum level of C is less than 1.5%, keeps away
Exempt from excessive C and be solid-solution in matrix to cause toughness to decline, in the range of C content 1.0%-1.5%, be obtained in that maximum abrasive resistance can be with
And the cooperation of obdurability.
W, Mo are solid-solution in matrix, improve matrix quenching degree, and W content scope of the present invention is 0.1%-0.5%, the content model of Mo
It is Mo≤2.0% to enclose.
On the one hand the effect of Cr is solid-solution in matrix, improves quenching degree, on the other hand participates in the precipitation of richness Cr carbides, such as
M7C3Carbide, M23C6Carbide etc., the Cr contents of the present invention are 11.1%-15.2%.
For improving, anti-wear performance is extremely important for the use of V element, and V is the essential element to form MC type carbides, it is considered to
To tool steel to anti-wear performance and the dual requirementses of toughness, V content is controlled in 0.6%-1.5%.
The effect of Nb is similar with V, and participation forms MC carbides, and Nb of the present invention is solid-solution in MC carbides, improves MC carbides
Number of nuclei during precipitation, promotes MC Carbide Precipitations and refinement, improves anti-wear performance, and the present invention controls the content range of Nb and is
0.2%-1.0%。
Co is mainly solid-solution in matrix, promotes the Carbide Precipitation, refined carbides granularity, the scope of Co contents of the present invention to be
0.05%-0.5%。
Si is not involved in carbide and is formed, and usually uses as a kind of deoxidizer and matrix strengthening unit, and Si can excessively make matrix
Toughness decline, therefore Si content ranges are defined to Si≤0.5%.
Mn is added as deoxidizer, can be consolidated sulfur and be reduced red brittleness, and manganese increases quenching degree, Mn content ranges of the present invention in addition
For 0.2%-0.6%.
N participates in forming MC carbides, and under condition of fast cooling, N promotes MC carbides forming core to separate out, while being not result in MC
Carbide is too grown up, and is conducive to improving anti-wear performance, limits N content scope as 0.1%-0.8%.
Nb, N alloying element promotes the precipitation of high rigidity MC carbide, is conducive to anti-wear performance to improve, MC carbon compounds
Type is（V、Nb）（C、N）, Carbide size is tiny, is evenly distributed, and makes the reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention possess excellent
Toughness.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the impurity includes O, O≤0.01%.
O is too high to cause instrument steel toughness to decline, present invention control O content≤0.01%, to guarantee the premium properties of steel.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, its chemical constituent includes by mass percentage：C：1.0%-1.4%, W：0.1%-
0.3%, Mo：≤ 1.5%, Cr：11.5%-14.0%, V：0.7%-1.5%, Nb：0.4%-1.0%, Co：0.05%-0.3%, Si：≤
0.4%, Mn：0.2%-0.5%, N：0.1%-0.6%, O≤0.008%, balance of ferrum and impurity.
In order to reach more preferable combination property, each chemical constituent in reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention should be controlled
Within claimed range.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the impurity includes S, S≤0.1%.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the impurity includes P, P≤0.03%.
Used as the restriction to aforesaid way, the volume fraction of the MC carbides is 1%-2.5%.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the MC carbides at least 80Vol% MC carbide size≤2 μm, maximum MC
Carbide size is less than 3 μm.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the M7C3Carbide is richness Cr carbides.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the M7C3The volume fraction of carbide is 12%-16%.
As the restriction to aforesaid way, the M7C3Carbide at least 80Vol% M7C3Carbide size is 3-12 μm,
Maximum M7C3Carbide size is less than 22 μm.
The reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention, can adopt and prepare with the following method, comprise the following steps：
A, tool steel molten steel is prepared by above-mentioned chemical composition requirement and be transferred to ladle；
The covering slag that b, electrified regulation molten steel ladle upper surface are covered, maintains the degree of superheat of molten steel；It is logical in ladle bottom
Enter noble gases to be stirred molten steel；
C, molten steel is flowed into into pre-warmed tundish with regime flow by the mozzle of ladle bottom, in treating that molten steel is entered
Between embedding covering slag is applied to molten steel upper surface when not having a mozzle lower surface；
D, continued compensation heating is carried out to tundish, maintain the degree of superheat of molten steel；
E, molten steel from tundish into jet deposition room after carry out spray deposition using noble gases, in stabilization of export pressure
Under complete jet deposition and obtain jet deposition ingot；Models of Spray Deposition maintenance molten steel temperature is stable, molten steel flow is stable, and injection is heavy
Product take-up reel slowly declines horizontal rotation simultaneously, and jet deposition take-up reel decrease speed keeps one with the jet deposition ingot speed of growth
Cause jet deposition ingot upper surface constant height；Control gas inlet, go out throughput, keep the noble gases of jet deposition room to protect
Shield property atmosphere；
F, jet deposition ingot is transferred to protective atmosphere stove is annealed or be directly transferred to hot forging process procedure.
Protected using whole process in spray deposition processing process, to control oxygen content and carbide morphology, optimization tool steel
Performance.The covering slag of ladle possesses isolation air and conductive heater function；Ladle bottom is passed through noble gases by air-vent,
Make diverse location molten steel temperature in ladle balanced, while accelerating harmful floating being mingled with to remove；One side of mozzle of ladle bottom
Guide functions are played in the face of molten steel, molten steel circulation process turbulent flow are reduced and is produced, it is to avoid slag or reduction are mingled with and enter into next link,
On the other hand contact of the molten steel directly with air is avoided, prevents molten steel oxygen content from rising；During the covering slag of tundish prevents from flowing through
Between the molten steel that wraps directly and air contact, reduce the rising of molten steel oxygen content；Molten steel is preheated to tundish into before tundish,
Molten steel is prevented into local coagulation during tundish or causes second mutually to separate out in advance；In Models of Spray Deposition control gas inlet and
Go out throughput, keep the protective atmosphere of jet deposition room noble gases, jet deposition ingot is played a protective role.
In sum, using technical scheme, cold work tool steel is obtained due to the addition of Nb, N alloying element, promoted
MC Carbide Precipitations are entered, have been conducive to anti-wear performance to improve, MC carbides have been（V、Nb）（C、N）, Carbide size is tiny,
It is evenly distributed, possesses excellent anti-wear performance and toughness, heat treatment hardness can reaches more than HRC60, can meet inhomogeneity
The application demand of type, it is of many uses.Reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention is prepared using spray deposition processing, and alloy is prepared into
Originally compare powder metallurgical technique low, advantageously reduce alloy holistic cost.
Description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment to the present invention further describe in detail：
Fig. 1 is the organization chartss of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is related to one group of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel, and its chemical constituent is as shown in table 1.1：
The chemical constituent table of 1.1 embodiment of table, one reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel
Using following preparation process：
A, by inventive article steel molten steel load reaction-injection moulding melting ladle in, molten steel Weight Loaded be 3.5 tons；
B, the covering slag electrified regulation covered to molten steel ladle upper surface using graphite electrode, ladle bottom air-vent are led to
Enter molten steel in argon stirring ladle, superheat of liquid steel opens molten steel mozzle when reaching 100 DEG C -150 DEG C；
C, the tundish that molten steel is preheated to 800 DEG C by the mozzle inflow of ladle bottom, control water conservancy diversion tube inlet
Size, makes molten steel flow for 100 kg/min -200 kg/min, and molten steel buries molten steel mozzle lower surface into after tundish
When apply covering slag；
D, Models of Spray Deposition make superheat of liquid steel maintain 100 DEG C -150 DEG C the continuous compensation heating of middle holding；
E, molten steel leak eye by tundish bottom opening and enter jet deposition room, open gas injection valve, using nitrogen
Spray deposition is carried out as gas medium, nitrogen gas purity >=99.999%, oxygen content≤2ppm, gas nozzle outlet pressure is
1.0MPa-1.5MPa；Molten steel is fractured into half solidification molten drop under noble gases jet-action, forms mist with gas mixing therewith
Change cone, molten drop flies to the captured formation of deposits of jet deposition take-up reel and deposits ingot；Models of Spray Deposition maintains molten steel temperature steady
Fixed, molten steel flow is stable, and jet deposition take-up reel slowly declines horizontal rotation simultaneously, jet deposition take-up reel decrease speed and spray
Penetrate the deposition ingot speed of growth to be consistent and make jet deposition ingot upper surface constant height；Before and after jet deposition starts, jet deposition
Chamber interior keeps protectiveness nitrogen atmosphere, deposition process to control gas inlet and go out throughput, keeps jet deposition room indifferent gas
Body protective atmosphere；
3 tons of single ＞ is obtained after the completion of f, jet deposition, size is Φ 550mm ingots, and jet deposition ingot is transferred to nitrogen
Furnace cooling after gas atmosphere protection anneal.
The reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the embodiment 1.1 ~ 1.4 for obtaining is made into the bar of Φ 50mm again.
Embodiment two
The carbide content and granularity, heat treatment that the present embodiment is related to the reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of embodiment one is hard
Degree, impact flexibility, the checking of anti-wear performance, wherein carbide content and granularity obtain organization chart picture based on scanning electron microscope and carry out point
Analysis, heat treatment hardness, impact flexibility, anti-wear performance enter with reference to GB/T 230.1, GB/T 229, GB/T 12444-2006 respectively
Row test.
Cold work tool steel is forged in casting of the reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of embodiment 1.1,1.2 with purchase（Alloy A）And powder
Last metallurgy cold work tool steel（Alloy B）It is analyzed, its result is as follows：
2.1 embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table and alloy A, B are into being grouped into contrast
In upper table, N.A is represented and is not analyzed.
The carbide of inventive article steel is analyzed, carbide consists of MC carbides and M7C3Carbide, wherein MC
Carbide is（V、Nb）（C、N）, main component consists of the alloying element such as V, Nb, C, N and a small amount of Fe, Cr, M7C3Carbonization
Thing is richness Cr type carbides.As shown in the organization chartss of the reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention of Fig. 1, carbide is mainly richness Cr
M7C3Carbide, the precipitation for having MC carbides in addition.
2.2 embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table is contrasted with the carbide content and granularity of alloy A, B
In upper table, Carbide size is the size of at least 80Vol% carbides.
Can be seen that by table 2.2, reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel MC carbides of the present invention at least 80Vol% size≤2 μm, most
Big MC carbide sizes are less than 3 μm, and the MC Carbide sizes of precipitation are close to the level of the alloy B of powder metallurgical technique preparation；
M7C3Carbide at least 80Vol% sizes are 3-12 μm, maximum M7C3Carbide size is less than 22 μm；Carbide size distribution is whole
Body is tiny in alloy A, is conducive to obtaining higher toughness.
The heat treatment hardness of 2.3 embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table and alloy A, B, impact flexibility contrast
By table 2.3 as can be seen that the carbide content of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention is close with comparative alloy A,
As the refinement of Carbide size, reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention show higher impact flexibility, be conducive in tool
There is the raising of service life under shock loading load condition.Due to overall carbide content it is higher, reaction-injection moulding cold-working of the present invention
Tool steel impact flexibility is slightly less than powder metallurgical technique and prepares alloy B.
2.4 embodiment 1.1,1.2 of table is contrasted with the anti-wear performance of alloy A, B
By table 2.4 as can be seen that the anti-wear performance of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the present invention is higher than common cast forging process system
Standby alloy A, is close to the alloy B of powder metallurgical technique preparation.
In sum, reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the invention possesses excellent anti-wear performance and toughness, and reason is
On the one hand due to the design of alloying component, the precipitation with high rigidity MC carbide is promoted, improves anti-wear performance；Additionally, due to
It is prepared using spray deposition processing, the Carbide size of formation is tiny, is evenly distributed, makes tough sex expression excellent；Heat treatment
Reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel of the invention is obtained in that more than HRC60 hardness afterwards, disclosure satisfy that different types of application demand,
It is of many uses, the die cut moulds such as blanking die, thread rolling die, impressing mould, pruning punch die, fine blanking tool are such as can be applicable to, it is cold
The wear-resisting spare parts such as roll, industrial shear-blade, conveying wear-resistant medium pump housing parts, steel scrap chipper, tyre crusher, note
First-class plastics machinery parts of molding machine screw rod, screw sleeve, screw rod etc..Powder metallurgical technique is compared due to alloy preparation cost will
It is low, advantageously reduce the holistic cost of alloy.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel, it is characterised in that its chemical constituent includes by mass percentage：C：1.0%-
1.5%, W：0.1%-0.5%, Mo：≤ 2.0%, Cr：11.1%-15.2%, V：0.6%-1.5%, Nb：0.2%-1.0%, Co：0.05%-
0.5%, Si：≤ 0.5%, Mn：0.2%-0.6%, N：0.1%-0.8%, balance of ferrum and impurity；The reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel
Carbide consist of MC carbides and M7C3Carbide, the type of wherein MC carbides is（V、Nb）（C、N）.
2. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impurity includes O, O≤
0.01%。
3. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that its chemical constituent is by mass percentage
Meter includes：C：1.0%-1.4%, W：0.1%-0.3%, Mo:≤ 1.5%, Cr：11.5%-14.0%, V：0.7%-1.5%, Nb：0.4%-
1.0%, Co：0.05%-0.3%, Si：≤ 0.4%, Mn：0.2%-0.5%, N：0.1%-0.6%, O≤0.008%, balance of ferrum and miscellaneous
Matter.
4. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impurity includes S, S≤0.1%.
5. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The impurity includes P, P≤
0.03%。
6. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The volume fraction of the MC carbides
For 1%-2.5%.
7. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The MC carbides at least 80Vol%
MC carbide size≤2 μm, maximum MC carbide sizes are less than 3 μm.
8. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The M7C3Carbide is richness Cr carbon
Compound.
9. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The M7C3The volume integral of carbide
Number is 12%-16%.
10. reaction-injection moulding cold work tool steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The M7C3Carbide is at least
80Vol% M7C3Carbide size is 3-12 μm, maximum M7C3Carbide size is less than 22 μm.
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