CN104887355B - 一种人工膝关节胫骨托 - Google Patents

一种人工膝关节胫骨托 Download PDF

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CN104887355B
CN104887355B CN201510232801.5A CN201510232801A CN104887355B CN 104887355 B CN104887355 B CN 104887355B CN 201510232801 A CN201510232801 A CN 201510232801A CN 104887355 B CN104887355 B CN 104887355B
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tibia support
knee joint
main body
artificial knee
tibial tray
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CN104887355A (zh
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朱健
徐龙伟
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Suzhou Zhongke Biomedical Material Co., Ltd.
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Jiangsu Okani Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510232801.5A priority Critical patent/CN104887355B/zh
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Priority to US15/572,325 priority patent/US20180125665A1/en
Priority to EP15891437.4A priority patent/EP3298989B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/000726 priority patent/WO2016179729A1/zh
Priority to AU2015394224A priority patent/AU2015394224B2/en
Priority to ES15891437T priority patent/ES2926629T3/es
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Abstract

本发明公开一种人工膝关节胫骨托，包括胫骨托主体和胫骨托平台，其中：胫骨托主体为翼状，其中心轴与胫骨托平台垂直，主体上部设有多个空螺钉孔；胫骨托平台位于胫骨托主体上方，胫骨托平台的表面为形状与胫骨衬垫相配合的有机高分子材料层，胫骨托上的空螺钉孔被高分子材料层封闭。本发明的人工膝关节胫骨托，由于采用了生物相容性优良的有机高分子材料，在容许手术使用中物理加工的同时减少了胫骨托表面的腐蚀；利用高分子材料层封闭空螺钉孔，抑制关节液进入孔内，降低微粒的输送；在高分子表面对应于螺钉孔的位置设为凹形，有利于手术中钻孔和安装螺钉。

Description

一种人工膝关节胫骨托
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗康复器械，尤其涉及一种人工膝关节胫骨托。
背景技术
人工膝关节胫骨托广泛应用于全膝关节置换术中(Ahmad SS,Gantenbein B,Evangelopoulos DS, MO,Schwienbacher S,Kohlhof H,Kohl S.Arthroplasty-current strategies for the management of knee osteoarthritis.Swiss MedWkly.2015Feb 9；145:w14096.doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14096.eCollection 2015.)。但在截骨不精确的情况下，尤其是在非骨水泥固定的情况下，需要选择性地使用骨螺钉来进行固定，这能增加假体的初始稳定性，进而促进人骨长入假体(Lee TQ,Barnett SL,KimWC.Effects of screw types in cementless fixation of tibial tray implants:stability and strength assessment.Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon).1999May；14(4):258-64.)。传统的人工膝关节胫骨托会设置空置的螺钉孔，在应用时配合骨螺钉来使用。但是空置的螺钉孔有助于带微粒的关节液输送至骨假体界面进而引起骨溶解,这在髋关节上已经充分证明(Walter WL,Clabeaux J,Wright TM,Walsh W,Walter WK,SculcoTP.Mechanisms for pumping fluid through cementless acetabular components withholes.J Arthroplasty.2005Dec；20(8):1042-8)。
虽然目前已有利用封闭塞或可以开启的金属薄膜以达到封闭空置螺钉的专利，但其存在不易开启和易产生金属碎屑等严重缺点。因此，仍需探索如何解决人工膝关节胫骨托中空置骨螺钉孔所引起的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题及缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种人工膝关节胫骨托。该胫骨托可以有效防止空置的螺钉孔所带来的关节液输送的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种人工膝关节胫骨托，包括胫骨托主体和胫骨托平台，其中：
所述胫骨托主体为翼状，其中心轴与所述胫骨托平台垂直，所述胫骨托主体上部设有多个空螺钉孔；
所述胫骨托平台位于所述胫骨托主体上方，所述胫骨托平台的表面为形状与胫骨衬垫相配合的有机高分子材料层，所述胫骨托主体上的空螺钉孔被所述高分子材料层封闭。
进一步地，所述高分子材料层上表面与所述空螺钉孔对应位置均为凹形。
进一步地，所述高分子材料为聚醚醚酮(PEEK)或其衍生物。
进一步地，所述胫骨托主体为金属材料。
进一步地，所述金属材料选自钛、钛合金或钴铬钼中的一种。
进一步地，所述胫骨托主体为高分子有机材料。
进一步地，所述高分子有机材料为聚醚醚酮或其衍生物。
进一步地，所述胫骨托主体和所述胫骨托平台之间设有微孔生物相容金属层。
进一步地，所述微孔生物相容金属层为钛或钛合金。
进一步地，所述空螺钉孔的数量大于实际使用时所安装的螺钉的数量。
由于采用以上技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
本发明的人工膝关节胫骨托，由于采用了生物相容性优良的有机高分子材料，在容许手术使用中物理加工的同时减少了胫骨托表面的腐蚀；利用高分子材料层封闭空螺钉孔，抑制关节液进入孔内，降低微粒的输送；在高分子表面对应于螺钉孔的位置设为凹形，有利于手术中钻孔和安装螺钉。
附图说明
图1是本发明的人工膝关节胫骨托的一个实施例的示意图；
图2是本发明的人工膝关节胫骨托的另一实施例的示意图。
附图标记说明
100胫骨托主体、200胫骨托平台、201凹形、300微孔生物相容金属层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，本发明的人工膝关节胫骨托包括胫骨托主体100和胫骨托平台200，胫骨托主体100整体为翼状，其中心轴与胫骨托平台200垂直，胫骨托主体100的上部设有多个空螺钉孔，螺钉孔在手术中配合骨螺钉，从而加固假体的稳定性，胫骨托平台200位于胫骨托主体100上方，胫骨托平台200的表面形状与胫骨衬垫相配合，胫骨托平台200的表面材料为有机高分子材料层，胫骨托主体100上的空螺钉孔被所述高分子材料层封闭。高分子材料层在手术中可以再加工，钻孔后可以与骨螺钉配合。高分子材料层上表面与空螺钉孔对应位置均为凹形201，凹形201有利于手术中选择性地钻孔定位。
在一优选实施例中，高分子材料为具有高强度、高稳定性的有机高分子材料，该高分子材料包括但不限于聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚醚酮衍生物、聚醚醚酮复合材料、超高分子聚乙烯等，胫骨托主体100为金属材料，金属材料可以是生物相容性的金属材料，包括但不限于钛、钛合金或钴铬钼等。
在一优选实施例中，如图2所示，胫骨托主体100和胫骨托平台200的材料为聚醚醚酮材料，胫骨托主体100和胫骨托平台200在与人骨接触的表面还设有微孔生物相容金属层300，金属层的材料可以是生物相容性优良的材料，例如钛、钛合金或钴铬钼等。微孔生物相容金属层300可以促进骨长入，实现长期固定。
在一优选实施例中空螺钉孔的数量要多余实际应用所需的骨螺钉的数量，设置较多螺钉孔可以满足不同类型的配合部件的需求，在使用中，只需对安装骨螺钉位置的凹形201进行钻孔和安装，其余位置的空螺钉孔仍被高分子材料层封闭。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并非用来限定本发明的实施范围；如果不脱离本发明的精神和范围，对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，均应涵盖在本发明权利要求的保护范围当中。

Claims (9)

1.一种人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，包括胫骨托主体和胫骨托平台，其中：
所述胫骨托主体为翼状，其中心轴与所述胫骨托平台垂直，所述胫骨托主体上部设有多个空螺钉孔；
所述胫骨托平台位于所述胫骨托主体上方，所述胫骨托平台的表面为形状与胫骨衬垫相配合的有机高分子材料层，所述胫骨托上的空螺钉孔被所述高分子材料层封闭，所述高分子材料层上表面与所述空螺钉孔对应位置均为凹形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，所述高分子材料为聚醚醚酮或其衍生物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，所述胫骨托主体为金属材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，所述金属材料选自钛、钛合金或钴铬钼中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，所述胫骨托主体为高分子有机材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，所述高分子有机材料为聚醚醚酮或其衍生物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，所述胫骨托主体和所述胫骨托平台在与人骨接触的表面设有微孔生物相容金属层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，所述微孔生物相容金属层为钛或钛合金。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的人工膝关节胫骨托，其特征在于，所述空螺钉孔的数量大于实际使用时所安装的螺钉的数量。
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