CN104884689A - 再生纤维素纤维 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种再生纤维素纤维,再生纤维素纤维包括掺入纤维素基体中的疏水物质。疏水物质选自包括烷基烯酮二聚体、烯基烯酮二聚体、烷基琥珀酸酐、烯基琥珀酸酐、烷基戊二酸酐、烯基戊二酸酐、烷基异氰酸酯、烯基异氰酸酯、脂肪酸酐及其混合物的组。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种再纤维素纤维,特别是根据粘胶法得到的再生纤维素纤维。
特别地,本发明涉及具有疏水性的再生纤维素纤维。
背景技术
使用烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)和其他脂肪酸衍生物作为上浆剂进行纸防水处理的文献被熟知(例如DE 3 920 356)。在这种情况下,文献中的纤维素与反应物的脂肪酸残基通过酯键连接,从而呈现防水性。应用领域例如为写作用纸、相片纸和食品包装。
同样,加入亲水/疏水辅助材料对粘胶纤维的吸水百分比的影响在之前已被熟知。辅助材料有助于纤维的总质量,但其本身不吸收任何水分。例子为:硫酸钡、重金属硫化物、碳、聚烯烃(DE 1 469 448 A1,DE 3 317 724 A1,US 2 234 734 A)。
在引入这种填充剂材料的情况下,一般来说,由于将填充剂份额作为因素计入总质量中,只是生成质量效应。在这种情况下,纤维的总吸水率确实减少了,因为填充剂材料本身不吸收任何水分,然而,在大多数情况下,没有得到疏水效应。此外,纤维的填充导致了在纤维强度方面的严重损失。
此外,DE 3 317 724 A1提到了疏水低聚物或聚合物物质的掺入,其中特别提到的是,如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚四氟乙烯等的惰性聚合物。
使用粘结剂粘结纤维和纳米粒子的后处理也被熟知(DE 10 2006 053326 A1),通过在纤维素上接枝疏水物质(如,甲基丙烯酸甲酯:DE 1 468 539 A),通过纤维纺织纤维和聚异硫氰酸脂或聚硫氰酸脂分别反应而建立防水性(GB 586549A),通过纤维材料/纺织物的反应后处理,例如通过缩醛粘连的醚化作用(GB 477 029A),在有机溶剂(如吡啶和DMF)中的酰基氯的醚化作用(FR 707 688A和分别地,Textile Research Journal,40(1970),970及下列等等)。
还描述了将脂肪酰氯引入惰性溶剂中,携带且排出未反应的反应物和热气流中作为反应产物的氯化氢(DE 69801056T2,WO 2012/066015 A,FR 2 767 270 A1)。
纤维与脂肪酸盐的醇化物诱导的酯化反应(GB 780967A),和使用AKD分散体的纺织品后处理(GB 2 221 928A)一样被描述。
一方面,这些以前已知的后处理可作为涂层,即,分别仅仅在纤维或纺织制品的表面上进行。另一方面,后处理能够反应性地进行,其中,然而,在这种情况下,反应仅在纤维中接近表面的区域发生,因为反应物无法不受阻碍地穿透到纤维内部。此外,防水处理剂的消耗很高,因为,例如在使用AKD的后处理情况下,AKD在高温条件下在水分大量盈余的情况下已经反应,因此无法再进行与纤维素的反应。
通过后处理形成防水表面,然而,在其受到破坏之后,纤维对水分的吸收是不受阻碍和不可逆转的。
表面的气相支持的防水处理已经通过纸样本被证明,其中,然而,纸的两面的明显差异是可见的。疏水效应可以通过丙酮萃取在很大程度上被消除,这表明在脂肪酰氯与纤维素的反应中产生了大量水解。在这种情况下,气相中的脂肪酰氯不能自由扩散到纤维内部,而是主要是附着在纤维外部。
此外,在芳香族异硫氰酸酯或硫氰酸酯分别地与环状亚胺的聚合产品或环状亚胺的聚合物中,通过纺丝使可纺丝纤维进行所谓的“动物质化”被熟知(CH 213876)。在该过程中,可以观察到防水性的部分形成,然而这一现象,仅出现在非常高的防水聚合物试剂的添加量的情况下,该添加量足以减少纤维的表面能。此外,由于添加剂含量高,因此获得的纤维具有羊毛纤维的性质。
为了提高粘胶肠衣中香肠状物的不可塑性,粘胶肠衣使用含水悬浮液中的AKD进行后处理,或者在肠衣形成前,将粘胶物质与AKD的悬浮液或乳液混合(GB 887 466A,GB 1 042182 A)。在这些文件中,没有对防水效应进行描述,仅提到了肠衣对脂肪的高亲和力。粘胶纤维和肠衣的根本区别在于,一般来说,肠衣由浸有粘胶物质的纸组成,在极少数情况下,由纯粘胶组成。后一种情况下,不提供纤维形式的粘胶,但作为壁厚约为50μm以上的厚管。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种再生纤维素纤维,特别是根据粘胶法得到的具有疏水性质的再生纤维素纤维,其不存在现有技术中体现的上述的缺点。此外,该纤维应该是可生物降解的。
上述目的通过一种再生纤维素纤维实现,该再生纤维素纤维包括疏水物质,疏水物质选自由烷基烯酮二聚体、烯基烯酮二聚体、烷基琥珀酸酐、烯基琥珀酸酐、烷基戊二酸酐、烯基戊二酸酐、烷基异氰酸酯、烯基异氰酸酯、脂肪酸酐及其混合物构成的组,且掺入纤维素基体中。
令人惊讶的是,已经发现,如AKD的活性疏水物质在再生纤维素纤维的纤维素基体中的掺入被成功实现。这样,实现了在整个纤维横截面中分布的防水性产生效应,这是“永久的”,即,无法通过纤维的表面处理(例如清洗步骤或其他处理)消除。
此外,已经发现,通过向维素基体中掺入活性疏水物质,粘胶纤维的基本属性,例如对水蒸气的可吸收性,不会受到破坏。
对于它们的掺入,疏水物质必须被加入到纺丝粘胶或其前驱体中。在这种情况下,令人惊奇的是,如AKD的物质可稳定存在于粘胶纺丝过程中,因为AKD,举例来说,在碱性环境下会快速分解。
根据本发明的纤维素纤维,疏水物质在纤维中的含量优选在基于纤维素的0.1%重量至13%重量范围内,特别优选在基于纤维素的1%重量至7.5%重量范围内。
根据本发明的纤维的纤度可在0.5dtex至40dtex范围内,特别是在2dtex至28dtex范围内。
根据本发明的纤维可提供为切割长度在2mm至20mm,特别优选为3mm至12mm的短切纤维。特别是在非织造布和纺织品中的应用中,纤维也可以提供为切割长度为20mm至150mm,特别是40mm至110mm,特别优选为40mm(棉型)和70mm(羊毛型)的人造短纤维。
用于制备根据本发明的纤维素纤维的方法包括向纺丝粘胶及其前驱体中加入疏水物质的步骤。
本领域技术人员应了解,“纺丝粘胶”可以作为黄原酸纤维素的碱性水溶液。粘胶法的原料和中间产物,例如,使用的纸浆,碱性化后的纸浆,或者用于溶解黄原酸纤维素的溶解碱液,被理解为纺丝粘胶的“前驱体”。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的纤维素纤维在卫生产品,特别是盖板/后罩板;化妆品和婴儿湿巾;医疗产品,特别是绷带;纸和湿法非织造纺织品;纺织品,特别是运动服和防护服;和/或非织造布和过滤介质,特别是香烟过滤器中的用途。
具体实施方式
示例
如下的物质类别的疏水物质加入到纺丝粘胶中:
a)醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(Vinnapas EN 1028,制造商:Wacker公司)
b)季化脂肪酸衍生物(Adulcinol BUN,制造商:Zschimmer&Schwarz公司)
c)烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)(Ukasol NL-201,制造商:Schill&Seilacher公司)
d)另一种季化脂肪酸衍生物(Stantex s6557,制造商:Pulcra Chemicals公司)
e)脂肪醇组合(Setilon KN,制造商:Pulcra Chemicals公司)
f)脂肪酸缩合产物(Duron OS 2160,制造商:CHT公司)和
g)酯类油(Duron OS 3136,制造商:CHT公司)
尝试以常用方式由这样的改进的纺丝粘胶纺丝制备粘胶纤维。只有在c)和g)的情况下,能够成功纺丝出纤维。
制备的纤维的疏水性的提升(基于纤维在水中的浸没量(sinking)来测量)只能在c)(使用AKD进行防水处理)的情况下观察到。
Claims (4)
1.一种再生纤维素纤维,包括疏水物质,所述疏水物质选自由烷基烯酮二聚体、烯基烯酮二聚体、烷基琥珀酸酐、烯基琥珀酸酐、烷基戊二酸酐、烯基戊二酸酐、烷基异氰酸酯、烯基异氰酸酯、脂肪酸酐及其混合物构成的组,且掺入纤维素基体中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的再生纤维素纤维,其特征在于,所述纤维中的所述疏水物质的含量在基于纤维素的0.1重量%至13重量%范围内,优选在基于纤维素的1重量%至7.5重量%范围内。
3.一种用于制备根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的纤维素纤维的方法,包括向纺丝粘胶或其前驱体中加入所述疏水物质的步骤。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的纤维素纤维在卫生产品,特别是盖板/后罩板;医疗产品,特别是绷带;纸和湿法非织造纺织品;纺织品,特别是运动服和防护服;和/或非织造布和过滤介质,特别是香烟过滤器中的用途。
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CN105062107A (zh) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-11-18 | 无限极(中国)有限公司 | 一种纤维复合材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN113395910A (zh) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-09-14 | 斯瓦蒙卢森堡公司 | 纸张和制造其的方法 |
CN109567271A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-05 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种具有降低加热不燃烧卷烟烟气温度滤棒添加剂及其制备方法 |
CN109567272A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-05 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种具有降低加热不燃烧卷烟烟气温度滤棒添加剂及其制备方法 |
CN109588770A (zh) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-09 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种降温嘴棒及卷烟 |
CN113445202A (zh) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-28 | 东华大学 | 一种医疗卫生用疏水纤维素非织造布及其制备方法 |
CN114517338A (zh) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-20 | 潍坊潍森纤维新材料有限公司 | 一种纤维素粘胶的制备方法及其在纤维素肠衣中的应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL2931952T3 (pl) | 2019-08-30 |
US20150329707A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
EP2931952B1 (de) | 2019-01-30 |
US11124629B2 (en) | 2021-09-21 |
TR201901968T4 (tr) | 2019-03-21 |
HUE042410T2 (hu) | 2019-06-28 |
EP2743383A1 (de) | 2014-06-18 |
CN104884689B (zh) | 2017-12-05 |
EP2931952A1 (de) | 2015-10-21 |
WO2014090665A1 (de) | 2014-06-19 |
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