CN104838997A - Salvia splendens culture substrate formula and water and fertilizer management method - Google Patents
Salvia splendens culture substrate formula and water and fertilizer management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104838997A CN104838997A CN201510295151.9A CN201510295151A CN104838997A CN 104838997 A CN104838997 A CN 104838997A CN 201510295151 A CN201510295151 A CN 201510295151A CN 104838997 A CN104838997 A CN 104838997A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 240000001438 Salvia splendens Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 235000017668 Salvia splendens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000012223 Salvia coccinea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 abstract 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 240000008100 Brassica rapa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011292 Brassica rapa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009363 floriculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000007377 Petunia x hybrida Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
- A01C23/042—Adding fertiliser to watering systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a salvia splendens culture substrate formula and a water and fertilizer management method. A culture substrate comprises compost yeasts of vinegar residues of waste of the vinegar manufacturing industries, vermiculite and grass carbon, the compost yeasts, the vermiculite and the grass carbon are mixed with one another, and a volume ratio of the compost yeasts to the vermiculite to the grass carbon is 60%-80%:10%-20%:10%-20%. The salvia splendens culture substrate formula and the matched water and fertilizer management method have the advantages that growth and the flower quality of salvia splendens can be obviously improved, resource utilization of the waste can be promoted, and the cost can be reduced; the salvia splendens culture substrate formula and the water and fertilizer management method can be applied to developing substrates from organic waste and substrate culture and management for herbaceous flowers such as the salvia splendens, and have obvious economical, ecological and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is that reclaiming organic waste utilizes field, is specifically related to a kind of cultivation medium formula and water and fertilizer management method of applicable herbage flower scarlet sage.
Background technology
It is red that scarlet sage has another name called firecracker, and inflorescence is slender, and look red is bright-coloured, is one of herbage flower of the most generally cultivating in China city and gardens.The matrix of current domestic floriculture is mainly the peat composed of rotten mosses, and not only cost is high, and a large amount of exploitations has considerable influence to environment, is thus badly in need of the alternative cultivation matrix of exploitation super quality and competitive price.
Vinegar grain makes the by product of vinegar, and the rice husk produced by vinegar fermentation process processed, wheat bran and rice vinegar slag form.Because its fiber content is many, energy efficiency is low, and acidity is high, easily causes environmental pollution, becomes the reluctant a great problem of vinegar industry processed.The existing a small amount of report utilizing vinegar grain to be developed as vegetables and cultivating flowering plants matrix at present.Document 1(is the botanical seedling culturing of raw material and the matrix of cultivation and manufacture method thereof with vinegar grain, publication number CN102138074.0) disclose vinegar grain is added effective microbe, chicken manure and flyash, stir laggard row fermentation reactor system, and be prepared into the method for soilless substrate, document 2(mono-kind is the matrix of primary raw material and matrixing method thereof with flyash and vinegar grain, publication number CN10163637.A), document 3(mono-plant cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof, publication number CN103214292A), document 4(Yang Yu virtue. the application study of vinegar grain in floriculture, north gardening, 2009 (10): 213 ~ 215) and document 5(top grade flower cultivation matrix, publication number CN104387185A) individually disclose with flyash, afforestation discarded object, chicken manure and sand, ash etc. carry out the medium production method of proportioning with vinegar grain, document 6(Liu Hong, Zhu Yongli, Li Pingping. the impact that different ratio vinegar residue substrate grows petunia, northern gardening, 2013(14): 65 ~ 69) disclose the cultivation matrix utilizing vinegar grain to be mixed with petunia.These documents are explored as in floriculture base Quality Research in vinegar grain.
The mixed-matrix difference on physico-chemical and biological properties obtained due to different material and processing method, different ratio is larger.In order to efficiently play matrix self productivity and improve the utilization ratio of liquid manure resource, according to different cultivated plant self water and nutrient characteristics of demand, the research of matrix and supporting water and fertilizer management technology and method thereof should be carried out.The water and fertilizer management of existing matrix is still in state by rule of thumb, not only liquid manure serious waste of resources, and the fertilizer efficiency of matrix self is not in full use, have impact on the highly efficient and productive of substrate culture, and have not yet to see about the report for scarlet sage cultivation matrix and the research of supporting water and fertilizer management.Therefore, the object of the invention is for the cultivation of scarlet sage provides a kind of cultivation matrix of efficient, low cost and supporting water and fertilizer management method, simultaneously for vinegar grain waits the recycling of organic waste to provide effective reference.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of scarlet sage preparation method of base material for culturing and water and fertilizer management method of efficient, low cost.This matrix mainly utilizes waste material vinegar grain formulated, and compound method is simple, not only have good cultivation effect, the alternative peat composed of rotten mosses, and cost is low, wide market; Supporting water and fertilizer management method simple, effectively can increase plant height, expand hat width etc., increase the amount of blooming simultaneously and improve ornamental quality.
In order to solve above technical problem, concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The preparation method of scarlet sage cultivation matrix, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Moisture content is that the fresh vinegar grain of 70% ~ 80% carries out fermentation reactor system to becoming thoroughly decomposed by step 1, and namely the germination index GI of fermentation product leaching liquor reaches 80% or more, carries out turning once in fermentation process every 3 ~ 5 days; Described fermentation product leaching liquor obtains by fermentation dry matter and deionized water 1:10 lixiviate; Obtained vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
Step 2, mixes described vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed with the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite; Described vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite volume ratio is 60% ~ 80%:10 ~ 20%:10% ~ 20%; Obtained matrix.
According to the scarlet sage cultivation matrix that the preparation method of described scarlet sage cultivation matrix is prepared into, it is characterized in that: described matrix is prepared by described preparation method and obtains.
According to the water and fertilizer management method of described scarlet sage cultivation matrix, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one, evenly loads the matrix mixed in cultivating container, and described matrix height is reached for more than 15cm, and unit weight is 0.34 ± 0.02 g/cm
3, obtain cultivation post;
Step 2, choose plant height be 5 ~ 6cm, there are 4 leaves, robust growth is consistent, root system is complete, without the scarlet sage seedling of damage by disease and insect, move in described cultivation post, come into effect liquid manure control and management after two weeks after transplanting, concrete grammar process is as follows:
Effects of Fertilization Frequency be every two weeks once, fertilizing amount is 0.11% ~ 0.13% of per unit matrix dry weight;
When in cultivation post, water content of substrate is down to 50% ~ 55% of unit base dry weight, namely cultivation post is watered; The water content of substrate to cultivation post that waters reaches 80 ± 5% saturation moisture contents;
Described fertilizer can impose on 10 ± 2cm depths of described matrix Direct Uniform; When needs water to matrix, also can fertilizer is water-soluble after rewater.
The described mode of watering is drip irrigation or pouring.
Described fertilizer is granular compound fertilizer; The composition mass ratio of described composite fertilizer is N:P:K=20:10:20.
Described water content of substrate adopts moisture teller or weight method to measure.The present invention has beneficial effect.What the present invention adopted become thoroughly decomposed, and vinegar grain also can reach to become thoroughly decomposed and obtains by not adding external microorganism, so simpler and save cost.In addition, the matrix of this invention mainly utilizes vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed formulated, and involved vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed also obtains by not adding external fermentable, and fermentation is simple with process for preparation, easy to operate; The formula prepared not only has good cultivation effect, alternative conventional peat composed of rotten mosses matrix, and cost is low, wide market; Supporting water and fertilizer management method of filling a prescription effectively can increase plant height, expand hat width etc., increases the amount of blooming and improves ornamental quality; Avoid wasting of resources production only carried out by rule of thumb watering, fertilizing and cause simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
The specific works process of substrate preparation of the present invention is as follows:
Fresh vinegar grain is tentatively turned over and dries in the air, carry out fermentation reactor system when moisture content reaches 70% ~ 80%, in fermentation process, carried out turning once every 3 ~ 5 days.Fermentation starts to start every 3 ~ 5 days sampling and measuring germination indexs (GI) in latter 20 days, specifically fermentation product is obtained leaching liquor in the lixiviate ratio of per dry wt and deionized water 1:10, adopt conventional GI assay method to measure, test seed used is Brassica rapa L seed.Germination index reaches 80% or more and namely represents fermentation maturity.
Vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed and the conventional peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by volume 60% ~ 80%, 10 ~ 20% peats composed of rotten mosses and 10% ~ 20% ratio mix;
The matrix layering of mixing loaded in cultivating container, evenly press, loading unit weight is 0.34 ± 0.02g/cm simultaneously
3, matrix more than height 15cm.
Choose plant height be 5 ~ 6cm, there are 4 leaves, robust growth is consistent, root system is complete, without the scarlet sage seedling of damage by disease and insect, move in cultivating container, water routinely after transplanting.
After transplanting two weeks, come into effect water and fertilizer management, the method for management is:
Every 1 ~ 2 day (according to weather condition) adopts calibrated moisture transducer (inserting matrix 10 ± 2cm depth) or adopts weight method to carry out the mensuration of water content of substrate, water when water content of substrate reaches 50% ~ 55% per unit matrix dry weight, sprinkling method is drip irrigation or pouring.Water to reaching about 80% of matrix saturation moisture content.
Every two weeks once carries out single-dose application, applies fertilizer to combine with watering.Specifically granular compound fertilizer (N:P:K than for 20:10:20) is weighed by 0.11% ~ 0.13% of per unit matrix dry weight, in being then dissolved in required drip irrigation or watering and pour water, Fertigation.
embodiment one
Fresh vinegar grain is tentatively turned over and dries in the air, carry out fermentation reactor system when moisture content reaches 70%, in fermentation process, carried out turning once every 3 days.Fermentation starts to start every 3 days sampling and measuring germination indexs (GI) in latter 20 days, and specifically fermentation product is obtained leaching liquor in the lixiviate ratio of per dry wt and deionized water 1:10, adopt conventional GI assay method to measure, test seed used is Brassica rapa L seed.Namely the germination index after 30 days that ferments reaches 80%, represents and has reached fermentation maturity requirement.
By become thoroughly decomposed vinegar grain and the conventional peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by volume 60%, 20% and 20% ratio mix; The matrix layering of mixing loaded in plastic flowerpot, evenly press, loading unit weight is 0.34g/cm simultaneously
3, height 15cm.
Choose plant height be 5cm, there are 4 leaves, robust growth is consistent, root system is complete, without the scarlet sage seedling of damage by disease and insect, move in cultivating container, water routinely after transplanting.
After transplanting, come into effect water and fertilizer management after two weeks, the method for management is:
The mensuration adopting weight method to carry out water content of substrate every 1 day, carrying out drip irrigation when water content of substrate reaches 50% per unit matrix dry weight, watering to reaching 80% of matrix saturation moisture content.
Every two weeks once carries out single-dose application, being weighed by granular compound fertilizer (N:P:K is than being 20:10:20), being then dissolved in required dripping irrigation water, Fertigation by 0.13% of per unit matrix dry weight.
After upper basin 60d, random selecting 5 strain, measures the plant height of potted flower, hat width, inflorescence is long and spend string number.More conventional peat composed of rotten mosses matrix and conventional water and fertilizer management, this invention comparatively contrasts on average can increase every basin plant height 2.2cm, hat width 0.5cm, the long 0.7cm of inflorescence, several 1 of flower string.
embodiment two
Fresh vinegar grain is tentatively turned over and dries in the air, carry out when moisture content reaches 80% inoculating (market Conventional solid EM mixed bacteria) and fermentation reactor system, in fermentation process, carried out turning once every 5 days.Fermentation starts to start every 5 days sampling and measuring germination indexs (GI) in latter 20 days, and specifically fermentation product is obtained leaching liquor in the lixiviate ratio of per dry wt and deionized water 1:10, adopt conventional GI assay method to measure, test seed used is Brassica rapa L seed.Namely the germination index after 40 days that ferments reaches 85%, represents and has reached fermentation maturity requirement.
By become thoroughly decomposed vinegar grain and the conventional peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by volume 80%, 10% and 10% ratio mix.The matrix layering of mixing loaded in cultivating container, evenly press, loading unit weight is 0.32g/cm simultaneously
3, height 20cm.
Choose plant height be 6cm, there are 4 leaves, robust growth is consistent, root system is complete, without the scarlet sage seedling of damage by disease and insect, move in cultivating container, water routinely after transplanting.
After transplanting, come into effect water and fertilizer management after two weeks, the method for management is:
Within every 2 days, adopt calibrated moisture transducer (inserting about matrix 10cm depths) to carry out the mensuration of water content of substrate, watering when water content of substrate reaches 55% per unit matrix dry weight, watering to reaching 85% of matrix saturation moisture content.
Every two weeks once carries out single-dose application, applies fertilizer to combine with watering.Specifically granular compound fertilizer (N:P:K than for 20:10:20) is weighed by 0.11% of per unit matrix dry weight, be then dissolved in during required watering pour water, evenly pour cultivating container into.
After upper basin 60d, random selecting 5 strain, measures the plant height of potted flower, hat width, inflorescence is long and spend string number.More conventional peat composed of rotten mosses matrix and conventional water and fertilizer management, this invention comparatively contrasts on average can increase every basin plant height 1.8cm, hat width 0.4cm, the long 0.8cm of inflorescence, several 1 of flower string.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of scarlet sage cultivation matrix, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Moisture content is that the fresh vinegar grain of 70% ~ 80% carries out fermentation reactor system to becoming thoroughly decomposed by step 1, and namely the germination index GI of fermentation product leaching liquor reaches 80% or more, carries out turning once in fermentation process every 3 ~ 5 days; Described fermentation product leaching liquor obtains by fermentation dry matter and deionized water 1:10 lixiviate; Obtained vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed;
Step 2, mixes described vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed with the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite; Described vinegar grain of becoming thoroughly decomposed: the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite volume ratio is 60% ~ 80%:10 ~ 20%:10% ~ 20%; Obtained matrix.
2. the scarlet sage cultivation matrix that is prepared into of the preparation method of scarlet sage cultivation matrix according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described matrix is prepared by described preparation method and obtains.
3. the water and fertilizer management method of scarlet sage cultivation matrix according to claim 2, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
Step one, evenly loads the matrix mixed in cultivating container, and described matrix height is reached for more than 15cm, and unit weight is 0.34 ± 0.02 g/cm
3, obtain cultivation post;
Step 2, choose plant height be 5 ~ 6cm, there are 4 leaves, robust growth is consistent, root system is complete, without the scarlet sage seedling of damage by disease and insect, move in described cultivation post, come into effect liquid manure control and management after two weeks after transplanting, concrete grammar process is as follows:
Effects of Fertilization Frequency be every two weeks once, fertilizing amount is 0.11% ~ 0.13% of per unit matrix dry weight;
When in cultivation post, water content of substrate is down to 50% ~ 55% of unit base dry weight, namely cultivation post is watered; The water content of substrate to cultivation post that waters reaches 80 ± 5% saturation moisture contents;
Described fertilizer can impose on 10 ± 2cm depths of described matrix Direct Uniform; When needs water to matrix, also can fertilizer is water-soluble after rewater.
4. the water and fertilizer management method of scarlet sage cultivation matrix according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the described mode of watering is drip irrigation or pouring.
5. the water and fertilizer management method of scarlet sage cultivation matrix according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is granular compound fertilizer; The composition mass ratio of described composite fertilizer is N:P:K=20:10:20.
6. the water and fertilizer management method of scarlet sage cultivation matrix according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described water content of substrate adopts moisture teller or weight method to measure.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510295151.9A CN104838997B (en) | 2015-06-02 | 2015-06-02 | A kind of red sage cultivation medium formula and water and fertilizer management method |
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| CN105837297A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-08-10 | 南京林业大学 | Taxus chinensis var mairei container seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108040812A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-18 | 江苏开放大学 | Red sage cultivation matrix and its application |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105359788A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-03-02 | 张掖市林业科学研究院 | Seedling nursing method improving red sage seed germination rate and emergence rate |
| CN105837297A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-08-10 | 南京林业大学 | Taxus chinensis var mairei container seedling substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN105837297B (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2019-10-18 | 南京林业大学 | Southerm yew container seedling matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN108040812A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-05-18 | 江苏开放大学 | Red sage cultivation matrix and its application |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN104838997B (en) | 2017-11-14 |
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