CN104012387A - Organic composite substrate for oilseed rape tray-soilless seedling and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic composite substrate for oilseed rape tray-soilless seedling and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic composite substrate for oilseed rape tray-soilless seedling and a preparation method of the organic composite substrate, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. The organic composite substrate comprises turf, vermiculite, perlite and biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residues. According to the substrate, the biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residues replace a common substrate formula so that residue waste can be recycled, and the substrate is safe, nutrient and high in practicability. The preparation method is easy to operate and low in cost. The invention further provides the application of the biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residues in the organic composite substrate for oilseed rape tray-soilless seedling, an effective way is provided for treatment of the residues, and the comprehensive benefits of the biological hydrogen alkane engineering are increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture cultivation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of rape point disk seedling growing organic composite substratd and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, the heavy metal pollution of the excessive use of chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and soil, irrigation water has had a strong impact on the quality and yield of China vegetables, produces pollution-free vegetable, guarantees the green organic cultivation of vegetables, becomes current active demand.Along with developing rapidly of modern installations agricultural; China's Installation Vegetable Cultivation area expands just year by year; cultivation technique without soil is more and more extensive as realizing the application in China's Installation Vegetable Cultivation of important technology that scale vegetable, batch production produce; and this technology can effectively reduce the applying quantity of chemical fertilizer in vegetable growing; reduce pesticide pollution, the impact of avoiding heavy metal pollution of soil to produce vegetables.Industrial breeding technique can effectively shorten seedling raise period, large-scale production high-quality strong sprout, improve seedling percent as an important application of cultivation technique without soil; in leaf vegetables produces; not only can improve leaf vegetables quality; also can further shorten leaf vegetables growth cycle, thereby guarantee the anniversary stable market supply of leaf vegetables.The peat composed of rotten mosses in conventional soilless culture substrate constituent belongs to non-renewable resources, and long-term exploitation meeting damages ecotope, and it is international research focus that the Peat substitution thing of searching ecological sustainability is prepared soilless culture substrate always.
In recent years, along with natural pond slag the becoming increasingly conspicuous of problem of dissolving, natural pond slag also increases gradually as the application study of organic culture substrate.Application publication number is that Chinese invention patent < < artificial substratum for hole-tray tomato seedling cultivation > > of CN101889533A discloses a kind of artificial substratum for hole-tray tomato seedling cultivation that belongs to cultivation technique without soil field, the natural pond slag that the fermentation raw material of take is chicken manure or pig manure is the source of manure, by natural pond slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite are mixed to get artificial substratum by certain mass ratio, this invention matrix lacks the description to natural pond used residue heavy metal constituent content, safety for agricultural use is indefinite, and tomato seedling is different from the regulation of fertilizer requirement of Brassica Napus Seedling, this invention matrix cannot directly apply to rape and grow seedlings.
Application publication number is that the Chinese invention patent of CN102229516A discloses raising seedling of cotton matrix and the preparation method that a kind of vinasse natural pond slag makes, fermentation product after the slag secondary fermentation of vinasse natural pond is air-dry, mix by volume after sieving and obtain raising seedling of cotton matrix with vermiculite, invention matrix and vinasse used natural pond slag institute Nitrogen-and Phosphorus-containing potassium are not pointed out in this invention, the composition of the nutrient components such as trace element, cannot utilize this preparation method to obtain the seedling medium that suitable rape is grown seedlings, and cotton seedling is different from the regulation of fertilizer requirement of Brassica Napus Seedling, this invention matrix can not directly apply to rape and grow seedlings.
Because dissimilar natural pond slag has different nutrient components, simultaneously different vegetable desired nutritional material is also different, and the artificial breeding matrix that therefore exploitation is applicable to different vegetable is carried out soilless culture, for the batch production of vegetable seedling, produces significant.
Biological hydrogen alkane engineering is that a kind of dark fermentation technique of two stage Anaerobics that passes through is processed abandoned biomass with the engineering of co-producing hydrogen and methane, when processing organic waste, can obtain clean energy resource again, and energy recovery efficiency is higher than single biological hydrogen production or biological methane processed, the gaseous mixture (biological hydrogen alkane) that biological hydrogen and biological methane be main component of take making can be used as clean vehicle fuel, has higher environmental ecological benefit.At present, the research of biological hydrogen alkane engineering is mainly concentrated on reaction substrate, microorganism species, structure of reactor and the H of two stage Anaerobic zymotechniques
2/ CH
4the aspects such as ratio, less to the research of its remaining ferment residue higher value application approach.Biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is the mud shape sediment of anaerobic fermentation residues bottom.The contained nutrient component of clear and definite biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is comprehensive, and the content of toxic heavy metal is in agricultural safety allowed band, there is certain fertilizer efficiency, therefore can be used for the organic production of vegetables, also for the fermentation residue of dissolving provides a kind of effective way, improved the comprehensive benefit of biogas engineering simultaneously.Compared to the current domestic scale biogas engineering developing rapidly, the scale of biological hydrogen alkane engineering is still less, but along with the development of biological hydrogen alkane research, the higher value application mode of exploitation biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue will be very necessary.
Have not yet to see with biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue and substitute or the part peat composed of rotten mosses is prepared the document of vegetables organic composite seedling medium.
Summary of the invention
According to the demand in above-mentioned field and deficiency, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of organic composite substratd and this organic composite substratd of rape point disk seedling growing, organic composite substratd of the present invention substitutes common matrix formulations with biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue and makes the recycling of residue refuse, safe nutrition, practicality is high, the inventive method is simple to operate, cheap.The present invention also provides the application of biological hydrogen alkane engineering natural pond slag in rape point disk seedling growing organic composite substratd, for the fermentation residue of dissolving provides a kind of effective way, has improved the comprehensive benefit of biological hydrogen alkane engineering.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
An organic composite substratd for rape point disk seedling growing, contains the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite, it is characterized in that, also contains biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue.
Described biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is the fermentation residue after the fermentation of maize straw multiparity hydroformylation stage.
In described fermentation residue, each ingredients weight parts is: organic 70～76 parts, and 25～30 parts of humic acids, 44～49 parts, full carbon, 0.8～1.5 part, full nitrogen, 0.5～1.0 part, full phosphorus, 0.5～1.0 part, full potassium, 0.15～0.23 part of full calcium, 0.05～0.1 part, full magnesium, C/N is about 45～55.
The capacity distribution ratio of each component of described organic composite substratd is, residue 0.4～0.9: the peat composed of rotten mosses 1.1～1.6: vermiculite 1: pearl: 1.
The parts by volume proportioning of each component of described organic composite substratd is, residue 0.6～0.8: the peat composed of rotten mosses 1.2～1.6: vermiculite 1: pearl: 1.
The parts by volume proportioning of each component of described organic composite substratd is, residue 0.8: the peat composed of rotten mosses 1.2: vermiculite 1: pearl: 1.
The preparation method of above-mentioned organic composite substratd, is characterized in that,
(1) residue producing after using maize straw multiparity hydroformylation stage to ferment, become thoroughly decomposed is carried out separated with fermentation raffinate;
(2) fermentation residue that separation obtained is air-dry, pulverize;
(3) residue of in proportion peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite and step (2) being processed mixes, and obtains organic composite substratd.
In fermentation residue described in step (3), each ingredients weight parts is: organic 70～76 parts, 25～30 parts of humic acids, 44～49 parts, full carbon, 0.8～1.5 part, full nitrogen, 0.5～1.0 part, full phosphorus, 0.5～1.0 part, full potassium, 0.15～0.23 part of full calcium, 0.05～0.1 part, full magnesium, C/N is about 45～55.
In described fermentation residue, also contain trace elements iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum.
The application of biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue in rape point disk seedling growing organic composite substratd, described application refers to described biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is mixed with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite.
In matrix of the present invention, biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue used is mainly the residue after the fermentation of maize straw multiparity hydroformylation stage, contains a large amount of lignin, cellulose etc.Fermentation residue after becoming thoroughly decomposed and fermentation raffinate are carried out separated, and the residue that separation is obtained is air-dry, standby after pulverizing.In residue, each ingredients weight parts is: organic 70～76 parts, and 25～30 parts of humic acids, 44～49 parts, full carbon, 0.8～1.5 part, full nitrogen, 0.5～1.0 part, full phosphorus, 0.5～1.0 part, full potassium, 0.15～0.23 part of full calcium, 0.05～0.1 part, full magnesium, C/N is about 45～55.Also contain in addition abundant trace elements iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum.Heavy metal element cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic, all contents of heavy metal elements within the scope of safe handling, the requirement of the NY525-2011 < < of organic composite Ministry of Agriculture organic manure > >.The peat composed of rotten mosses using in matrix, vermiculite and perlite are commercially available material.After being mixed by respective volume ratio, above-mentioned standby fermentation residue, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite obtain compound seedling medium of the present invention.
Biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation raw material mainly contains crops straw, feces of livestock and poultry, night soil, house refuse, wastewater sludge, food processing discarded object and papermaking waste etc.Fermentation raw material is different, and the contained nutrient component of fermentation residue is corresponding difference also.The biogas engineering natural pond slag of take is example, research shows, the content of organic in the natural pond slag that the crops straws such as corn, wheat of take are fermentation raw material, full nitrogen, full potassium, available nitrogen and effectively potassium and n-p-k element total content are all higher than take the natural pond slag that feces of livestock and poultry is fermentation raw material, in the natural pond slag that the pig manure of take is raw material, full phosphorus and available phosphorus content are the highest, in the natural pond slag that the cow dung that take is raw material, full nitrogen, content of tatal phosphorus and n-p-k element total content are minimum, and in the natural pond slag of different fermentations raw material, micronutrient levels is more or less the same.Vegetables can be divided into fruit vegetables, leaf vegetables, root vegetables, beans etc. by the difference of edible part, different types of vegetables are because edible part Different Nutrition characteristic also exists larger difference, for example, and in the nutrient that fruit vegetables absorbs, n-p-k element is maximum with the absorptive amount of potassium, is secondly nitrogen, phosphorus; Leaf vegetables edible part be take cauline leaf as main, needs sufficient nitrogenous source.Therefore, take fermentation residue that maize straw obtains as raw material can be Brassica Napus Seedling the nutrition such as relatively more sufficient nitrogenous source and phosphorus, potassium, trace element is provided.
Allly take maize straw and can be used for preparing matrix of the present invention as fermentation substrate gained biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue, and reach close technique effect.In addition, the biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue content of organic matter and humic acid content are all higher than biogas engineering natural pond slag, organic for seedling growth of rice provides sufficient nutrition, humic acid can effectively regulate water, fertilizer, gas, the hot situation of matrix, improves the nutritional condition of seedlings root.
The present invention substitutes the peat composed of rotten mosses with biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue and makes organic composite seedling medium, both can alleviate the pressure that peat composed of rotten mosses exhaustive exploitation causes ecotope, for soilless culture provides a kind of Peat substitution thing with low cost, reduces matrix production cost; Can make full use of again biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue, avoid the bulk deposition of fermentation residue to cause the wasting of resources and secondary pollution, thereby solve fermentation residue the problem of dissolving, realize the recycling of residue, lengthening manufacturing chain, increase industry added value, so contribute to improve the comprehensive benefit of biological hydrogen alkane engineering, promote biological hydrogen alkane engineering spread, realize agricultural sustainable development.
The present invention using biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue as organic substrate and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite by the composite composite interstitial substance that obtains of different proportion, therefrom filter out a kind of compound substrate formula that is suitable for rape point disk seedling growing.Compare with common matrix formulations, adopt seedling medium of the present invention can increase rape emergence rate, the growth indexes such as thick, the underground dry weight of plant height, stem of raising seedling, root length, root/shoot ratio, blade SPAD value, promote overground part and root growth, cultivate rape strong sprout for field-transplanting, contribute to improve cold tolerance and the capacity for the resistance to lodging of rape, realize rape safe overwintering.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
1. the present invention is usingd biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue and is prepared organic composite seedling medium as raw material, matrix physicochemical character is good, the contained nutrient component comprehensive and abundant of residue, and safety for agricultural use is higher, matrix of the present invention can meet seedling growth of rice demand, is conducive to increase rape emergence rate, improves the growth indexes such as plant height, the stem of seedling is thick, promote root growth, be conducive to cultivate strong sprout;
2. the present invention is usingd biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue as raw material, can avoid the bulk deposition of biological hydrogen alkane fermentation residue to cause secondary pollution and the wasting of resources, for realizing the higher value application of natural pond slag, the biological hydrogen alkane engineering of dissolving fermentation residue, the higher value application of realizing residue provides a kind of effective and feasible approach, can improve social benefit, economic benefit and the environmental benefit of biological hydrogen alkane engineering, extend agricultural industry chain, increase industry added value, realize agriculture Ecological Sustainable Development;
3. use matrix formulations of the present invention, available biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue substitutes or part substitutes the peat composed of rotten mosses, thereby reduces peat composed of rotten mosses usage amount and yield, alleviates the pressure that the exhaustive exploitation of the peat composed of rotten mosses causes environment; Simultaneously, residue can be growth of seedling nutrient is provided, effectively promote root growth, cultivate strong sprout, effectively reduced the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and nutrient solution etc. in seedling raising process, the demand that organic composite green organic is produced, in addition, residue used is drawn materials processing relatively easily, simple to operate, with low cost, greatly reduce the production cost of seedling medium;
4. matrix of the present invention has higher practical value.
Embodiment
It is in order further to understand better the present invention that following embodiment is provided; be not limited to described preferred forms; content of the present invention and protection domain are not construed as limiting; anyone under enlightenment of the present invention or by the present invention, combines with the feature of other prior aries and any and the present invention of drawing is identical or akin product, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.
Reagent source of the present invention:
In the present invention, irrigation water and total porosity mensuration water are running water, and it is laboratory deionized water processed that pH, EC measure water, and agents useful for same is pure for analyzing;
The peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite are commercially available material, and producer is Beijing Zhen Tai horticultural facility Co., Ltd, specifications and models: the peat composed of rotten mosses-originate from Changbai Mountain, northeast; Vermiculite-gardening vermiculite, granularity specification 1～3mm; Perlite-gardening perlite, granularity specification 3～5mm.
The preparation of embodiment 1 organic composite substratd 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is processed in preparation: the residue producing after the product hydroformylation stage that uses maize straw through biological hydrogen alkane engineering is fermented, become thoroughly decomposed carries out separated with zymotic fluid; And the fermentation residue that separation is obtained is air-dry, pulverizing, standby.
In treated fermentation residue, each ingredients weight parts scope is organic 70～76 parts, 25～30 parts of humic acids, 44～49 parts, full carbon, 0.8～1.5 part, full nitrogen, 0.5～1.0 part, full phosphorus, 0.5～1.0 part, full potassium, 0.15～0.23 part of full calcium, 0.05～0.1 part, full magnesium, C/N is 45～55, also contains in addition the abundant trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum.The content of heavy metal element cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic within the scope of safe handling, the requirement of the NY525-2011 < < of organic composite Ministry of Agriculture organic manure > >.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: by the standby residue of step (1) and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite by respective volume than the organic composite seedling medium that obtains rape of the present invention cave dish after mixing, wherein fermentation residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 0.4:1.6:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.
The preparation of embodiment 2 organic composite substratds 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is processed in preparation: with embodiment 1.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: step is with embodiment 1, and just wherein fermentation residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 0.6:1.4:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.
The preparation of embodiment 3 organic composite substratds 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is processed in preparation: with embodiment 1.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: step is with embodiment 1, and just wherein fermentation residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 0.7:1.3:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.
The preparation of embodiment 4 organic composite substratds 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue is processed in preparation: with embodiment 1.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: step is with embodiment 1, and just wherein fermentation residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 0.8:1.2:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.
The preparation of embodiment 5 organic composite substratds 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is processed in preparation: with embodiment 1.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: step is with embodiment 1, and just wherein fermentation residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 0.9:1.1:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.
The preparation of embodiment 6 organic composite substratds 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is processed in preparation: with embodiment 1.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: step is with embodiment 1, and just wherein fermentation residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 1:1:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.
The preparation of embodiment 7 organic composite substratds 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is processed in preparation: with embodiment 1.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: step is with embodiment 1, and just wherein fermentation residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 1.2:0.8:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.
The preparation of embodiment 8 organic composite substratds 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is processed in preparation: with embodiment 1.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: step is with embodiment 1, and just wherein fermentation residue and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 1.6:0.4:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.
The preparation of embodiment 9 organic composite substratds 1
(1) biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue is processed in preparation: with embodiment 1.
(2) prepare organic composite substratd: by the standby fermentation residue of step (1) and vermiculite and perlite by respective volume than the organic composite seedling medium that obtains rape of the present invention cave dish after mixing, wherein fermentation residue and vermiculite and perlitic volume ratio are 2:1:1.
During use, organic composite substratd is imported in the seedling-cultivating tray of seedbed, spray water irrigates, and can directly sow.Select common matrix formulations (peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite by volume 2:1:1 evenly mix) in contrast simultaneously.The main physical and chemical of the organic composite substratd that biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue, contrast matrix and the embodiment of the present invention 1～9 are prepared is as shown in table 1.
The physicochemical property list of the organic composite substratd that embodiment 1～9 is prepared, in Table 1:
The physicochemical property of the organic composite substratd that table 1. embodiment 1～9 is prepared
The unit weight of general seedling medium is with 0.2～0.6g/cm
3for good, as shown in Table 1, the unit weight of contrast matrix, embodiment 1～9 is all comparatively suitable.The total porosity of suitable seedling medium will be more than 54%, and ideal range is 60%～90%, and the total porosity that therefore contrasts matrix, embodiment 1～9 can meet the demands.The pH value of seedling medium is advisable with 5.5～7.5, so biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue, contrast matrix, embodiment 1～9 all comparatively meet; EC value is advisable with 0.5～1.25, so biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue, contrast matrix, embodiment 1～7 comparatively meet.To sum up, from the angle analysis of physicochemical property, the substrate composition of embodiment 1～7 is comparatively desirable.
Embodiment 10 rape point disk seedling growing tests
Organic composite substratd and contrast matrix that embodiment 1～9 is prepared are carried out to the test of rape point disk seedling growing, and concrete steps are as follows:
After matrix is wetting, be fitly filled in the dish of cave, rape seed (germination rate is more than 95%) is sown into cave dish after 12 hours through soak at room temperature, and the matrix of cladding thickness 0.5cm left and right, waters permeablely, is placed in greenhouse and grows seedlings.In whole nursery stage, various processes does not all apply any fertilizer, only within every 2 days, waters one time clear water, and guarantees that depending on weather condition adjustment matrix is moistening.
After rape is emerged, record emergence rate every day until emerge stable, growth indexes and the leaf chlorophyll SPAD values such as the plant height of periodic logging Brassica Napus Seedling after growth is stable, stem are thick, individual plant leaf area, overground part, underground part dry weight and the root of to growing seedlings, measuring seedling 28 days time are long, calculating root/shoot ratio.Table 2 is for obtaining the growing state of growing seedlings 28 days time of Brassica Napus Seedling with the prepared organic composite substratd of the embodiment of the present invention 1～9 and contrast matrix cultivation.
The prepared organic composite substratd of embodiment 1～9 and contrast matrix seedling growth of rice situation for table 2.
As shown in table 2, between various embodiments of the present invention, Brassica Napus Seedling emergence rate difference significantly and does not all reach more than 90%, all meets the requirement of vegetable seedling substrate, and wherein the Brassica Napus Seedling emergence rate of embodiment 1～6 is all higher than contrast matrix.The Brassica Napus Seedling plant height that in each embodiment, embodiment 4 cultivates, the thick all maximums of stem, with to contrast matrix difference not remarkable, wherein the seedling stem of embodiment 1～6 thick all with contrast matrix without significant difference, the plant height of embodiment 1～4 seedling with contrast matrix without significant difference, next is embodiment 5,6.The Brassica Napus Seedling individual plant leaf area of embodiment 1～9 is all significantly lower than contrast matrix, and wherein embodiment 4 Brassica Napus Seedling individual plant leaf areas are maximum, and the seedling individual plant leaf area difference of embodiment 1～5 is not remarkable, is secondly embodiment 6.The long contrast matrix that is all significantly greater than of the root of embodiment 1～9 Brassica Napus Seedling, wherein embodiment 4 Brassica Napus Seedling roots are long maximum, be secondly embodiment 5, and both differences are not remarkable, embodiment 2,3,6 take second place, with embodiment 5 without significant difference.The ground dry weight of embodiment 1～9 seedling is all significantly lower than contrast matrix, and wherein embodiment 1,2, and 4 seedling on the ground dry weight, without significant difference, is secondly embodiment 3,5, and 6.The underground dry weight of embodiment 4 Brassica Napus Seedlings is maximum, is significantly higher than all the other each embodiment and contrast matrix, and in each embodiment, the underground dry weight of embodiment 2～5 seedling is all significantly higher than contrast matrix, is secondly embodiment 1,6, and contrasts matrix without significant difference.The root/shoot ratio of embodiment 1～9 Brassica Napus Seedling is all higher than contrast matrix, and the constantly rising along with the increase of fermentation residue proportioning.Each embodiment Brassica Napus Seedling root/shoot ratio is in rising trend with the rising integral body of fermentation residue content, and all higher than contrast matrix, illustrates that fermentation residue is conducive to the accumulation of root system dry matter, thereby be conducive to root system development.Blade SPAD value is the highest with embodiment 4, and embodiment 2,3, take second place, embodiment 1 and embodiment 6～8 take second place again and all higher than contrast matrix.Comprehensive, the embodiment of the present invention 1～5 Brassica Napus Seedling growing state be better than all the other each embodiment and contrast matrix, wherein embodiment 4 seedling growth of rice situations are best, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 take second place, embodiment 1 and embodiment 5 take second place again, and the not remarkable matter of the difference between each ladder.From above-mentioned data analysis, can find out, the seedling growth of rice situation that the matrix of the embodiment of the present invention 1～5 is cultivated is better than common matrix.Therefore the matrix of the embodiment of the present invention 1～5 meets the requirement of cultivating strong sprout.
Embodiment 12 control experiment data:
Application publication number is that Chinese invention patent < < artificial substratum for hole-tray tomato seedling cultivation > > of CN101889533A discloses a kind of artificial substratum for hole-tray tomato seedling cultivation (hereinafter to be referred as X1), and raising seedling of cotton matrix and preparation method > > that the application publication number Chinese invention patent < < vinasse natural pond slag that is CN102229516A makes disclose raising seedling of cotton matrix (hereinafter to be referred as X2).Two kinds of matrix as above have reached corresponding technique effect respectively in cultivating tomato and cotton, but the two is not all suitable for cultivation rape.If will there will be following situation for cultivating rape:
X1 matrix: seedling growth of rice is slow, root growth relatively a little less than, growth of rape to later stage " colored and unreal " the phenomenon ratio of blooming increases.
X2 matrix: seedling growth of rice is subject to inhibition to a certain extent, root system fibrous root amount is relatively less, and growth of rape to later stage " colored and unreal " the phenomenon ratio of blooming increases.
Exist the reason of above-mentioned situation to be: tomato seedling, about approximately 70 days, is transplanted the tomato seedling of use except nourishing and growing, and at seedbed growing period, has started to carry out flower bud differentiation, before field planting, buddings.Therefore, tomato seedling substrate needs nutrient sufficient, except a large amount of nitrogens of need, also should guarantee potassium, Ca supply abundance, is secondly phosphorus, magnesium etc.In addition, tomato seedling is comparatively responsive to boron element in early days, and boron element can suppress the absorption of tomato seedling to nutrient to a certain extent, and causes biomass to reduce, and therefore, in tomato seedling substrate, boron element relative concentration is lower.And rape belongs to leaf vegetables, compared to tomato, seedling stage is short, and desired nutritional material is relatively less.Rape seedling only be take and is nourished and grown as main, needs to guarantee that sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus supply to promote seedling cauline leaf and root growth.In addition, it is responsive to boron element that rape is especially hybridized quality rape, and the demand of effective boron in environment is done to 5 times of left and right of object height than other.Compare with tomato seedling, the required consumption nutrient component of Brassica Napus Seedling total amount is relatively less, relatively high to the assimilation ratio of phosphorus, and to the demand of boron element higher than tomato seedling.
In like manner, cotton in seedling stage 40～45 days, longer than rape seedling, need fertile more, fertilizer-sucting quantity is about 2～3 times of oil crop, and the contained nutrient component of raising seedling of cotton matrix surpasses the demand of Brassica Napus Seedling, and excessive nutriment can suppress Brassica Napus Seedling normal growth to a certain extent.In addition, cotton seedling is to the demand of boron element lower than Brassica Napus Seedling, and the boron cellulose content in raising seedling of cotton matrix can not meet rape seedling growth demand.
Claims (10)
1. an organic composite substratd for rape point disk seedling growing, contains the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite, it is characterized in that, also contains biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue.
2. organic composite substratd according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is the fermentation residue after the fermentation of maize straw multiparity hydroformylation stage.
3. organic composite substratd according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in described fermentation residue, each ingredients weight parts is: organic 70～76 parts, and 25～30 parts of humic acids, 44～49 parts, full carbon, 0.8～1.5 part, full nitrogen, 0.5～1.0 part, full phosphorus, 0.5～1.0 part, full potassium, 0.15～0.23 part of full calcium, 0.05～0.1 part, full magnesium, C/N is about 45～55.
4. organic composite substratd according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the capacity distribution ratio of its each component is, residue 0.4～0.9: the peat composed of rotten mosses 1.1～1.6: vermiculite 1: pearl: 1.
5. organic composite substratd according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the parts by volume proportioning of its each component is, residue 0.6～0.8: the peat composed of rotten mosses 1.2～1.6: vermiculite 1: pearl: 1.
6. organic composite substratd according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the parts by volume proportioning of its each component is, residue 0.8: the peat composed of rotten mosses 1.2: vermiculite 1: pearl: 1.
7. the preparation method of the arbitrary described organic composite substratd of claim 1～6, is characterized in that,
(1) residue producing after using maize straw multiparity hydroformylation stage to ferment, become thoroughly decomposed is carried out separated with fermentation raffinate;
(2) fermentation residue that separation obtained is air-dry, pulverize;
(3) residue of in proportion peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite and step (2) being processed mixes, and obtains organic composite substratd.
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in fermentation residue described in step (3), each ingredients weight parts is: organic 70～76 parts, and 25～30 parts of humic acids, 44～49 parts, full carbon, 0.8～1.5 part, full nitrogen, 0.5～1.0 part, full phosphorus, 0.5～1.0 part, full potassium, 0.15～0.23 part of full calcium, 0.05～0.1 part, full magnesium, C/N is about 45～55.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, also contains trace elements iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum in described fermentation residue.
10. the application of biological hydrogen alkane engineering fermentation residue in rape point disk seedling growing organic composite substratd, described application refers to described biological hydrogen alkane engineering residue is mixed with the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlite.
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