CN104838899B - A kind of engrafting method of apple - Google Patents
A kind of engrafting method of apple Download PDFInfo
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- CN104838899B CN104838899B CN201510283358.4A CN201510283358A CN104838899B CN 104838899 B CN104838899 B CN 104838899B CN 201510283358 A CN201510283358 A CN 201510283358A CN 104838899 B CN104838899 B CN 104838899B
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- stock
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of engrafting method of apple, belong to graft technology field, it is using rock sugar pears as stock, fertilizer treatment is carried out to stock in grafting, and plastic wraps are used after stock top is slightly cut away, position of the apple tree with eye is cut and is used as scion, " W " shape is cut into scion, and use methyl α-naphthyl acetate immersion treatment, position with eye on stock is cut into the otch of " W " shape, scion is inserted in the otch on stock, is then sprayed after nutrient solution, bundle fixed with film tape and expose the bud point of scion, then carry out final-period management.The high graft survival rate of the present invention, and apple seedling cultivation cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to graft technology field, it particularly relates to a kind of engrafting method of apple.
Background technology
Apple taste sweet tea is slightly sour, is Common Fruits, with abundant nutrition composition, there is dietotherapy, auxiliary treatment functio, be generation
One of big fruit in boundary four.China is apple production state the biggest in the world, in northeast, North China, East China, northwest and Sichuan, Yunnan etc.
There is cultivation on ground.Energy content 218kj, moisture 85.9g, protein 0.2g, fat 0.2g, dietary fiber in per l00g apples
1.2g, carbohydrate 12.3g, the μ g of carrotene 20, the μ g of retinol equivalent 3, thiamine 0.06mg, riboflavin 0.02mg, Ni Ke
Sour 0.2mg, vitamin C 4mg, vitamin E 2.12mg, potassium 119mg, sodium 1.6mg, calcium 4mg, magnesium 4mg, iron 0.6mg, manganese
0.03mg, zinc 0.19mg, copper 0.06mg, phosphorus 12mg and the μ g of selenium 0.12, also containing pectin, quininic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid etc..
At present, the breeding method that apple seedling is generally used is:Harvest after ripe apple, fruit accumulation softening is taken
Kind, to avoid producing high temperature during heap fermentation and because anoxic injures seed, ulking thickness is advisable with 25~35 centimetres, and seed takes out
Afterwards, rinsed clean, it is desirable under certain low epidemic disaster and aeration condition, after certain time completion After-ripening
It can germinate.So, the stock seed of spring sowing must carry out Stratificated treatment (or Sand culture).The specific practice of Stratificated treatment
It is:Selection is in the shade, dries, and deep 30 centimetres, wide 25 centimetres of trench are dug in the plot for being difficult ponding.During lamination, first one is spread in bottom of trench
Layer is net husky, is then laid in again in 1 part of seed and 4~5 parts of river sand ratios are well mixed on net sand, one layer of lid is wet again for the superiors
It is husky.Temperature is advisable with 2~7 DEG C during lamination, and husky humidity is agglomerating to hold, and one touches and dissipates for degree, by Stratificated treatment or
Sowed again after Sand culture.Because the fruit quality of the apple tree knot come out using cultivating seeds is poor, therefore generally
Grafting is carried out using apple tree best in quality.The Stratificated treatment of apple seedling, not only Apple Seeds is cultivated using Apple Seeds
Or Sand culture is complicated and time-consuming, and the germination percentage of seed after treatment is still relatively low.
The content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of engrafting method of apple, this method be using rock sugar pears as stock,
Apple is that scion carries out grafting, by carrying out stock pretreatment, scion processing and the processing of grafting procedures before grafting, significantly
Improve the survival rate of apple grafting.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs:
A kind of engrafting method of apple, comprises the following steps:
(1) stock is pre-processed:Using rock sugar pears as stock, 10~15 days before grafting, fertilizer treatment is carried out to stock, transferred
Connect first 5~8 days, by diameter of stock be 3~10cm and the stock top of 5~more than 8cm of top with eye position is slightly cut away, and
Position will be cut with plastics to wrap up;
(2) scion is handled:Select kind excellent and no disease and pests harm apple tree, position of the apple tree with eye is cut
Under, and " W " shape is cut into itself and stock joint place, scion is then soaked into 2~4h with 200~300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate;
(3) grafting:Position with eye on stock is cut into the otch of " W " shape, then the scion after processing is inserted
In otch on stock, after scion and stock otch joint place spraying nutrient solution, bundled with film tape and fix and make scion
Bud point is exposed;
(4) final-period management:Grafting is watered after grafting, and pinches the bud that grows on stock, after grafting 15~20 days
Film tape is untied, grafting 40 days later can be by grafting transplantation of seedlings.
In the step (1), the fertilizer applied to stock is farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and biphosphate
The mixed fertilizer of ammonium, dose is 0.1~0.2kg/ plants of stocks.
The farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the weight ratio of ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are (50~80):(10~
20):(15~25):(8~16):(10~15).
Described grafting time is 2 annual~March.
The rock sugar pears are 2~3 years raw rock sugar pears.
The nutrient solution be in parts by weight, by 10~15 parts of water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 60~
80 parts, 2~3 parts of calcium hypophosphite, 0.5~1 part of sodium molybdate, 6~10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 1~3 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ethylenediamine tetrem
Sour 2~5 parts of sodium, 4~6 parts of boric acid, 10~12 parts of sucrose, 700~800 parts of mixing systems of 30~50 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and deionized water
It is standby to form.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the percentage of seedgermination of rock sugar pears is higher, and needs not move through specially treated and can germinate, the seedling training of rock sugar pears
Educate and be relatively easy to, cultivation cost is lower than Apple Seeds cultivation seedling, and the present invention takes grafting apple by stock of rock sugar pears, not only
The cost of apple seedling cultivation can be reduced, and taste is better for the apple cultivated.
2. the present invention by the incision of stock and scion by being cut into " W " shape, the shape can make stock and the wood of scion
Matter portion, skin and bast are brought into close contact, so as to improve the survival rate of scion grafting.
3. the preprocessing process of the present invention can improve nutriment in stock, so be able to ensure that after grafting stock to
Scion provides sufficient nutrition, so as to improve the survival rate of grafting.
4. the nutrient solution of the present invention is by keeping the skin wet, nutriment, growth hormone and enzyme and its antibacterial having
Act on and graft survival rate can be effectively improved.
Embodiment
In order to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment is only to the invention for example, not being the step of not illustrating in limitation of the invention, embodiment
It is prior art, is not described in detail herein.
Embodiment one
A kind of engrafting method of apple, using 2 years, raw rock sugar pears is stocks, and grafting time is annual 2 months, before grafting
10 days, the mixed fertilizer of farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is applied to stock, dose is 0.1kg/
Strain, the farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the weight ratio of ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are 50:10:15:8~16:10,
5 days before grafting, by diameter of stock be 3cm and the stock top of more than top 5cm with eye position is slightly cut away, and uses plastics
Position parcel will be cut;Select kind excellent and no disease and pests harm apple tree, position of the apple tree with eye is cut, and will
It is cut into " W " shape with stock joint place, and scion then is soaked into 2h with 200PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate;By the position with eye on stock
The otch for being cut into " W " shape is put, is then inserted the scion after processing in the otch on stock, in scion and stock otch joint place
Spray after nutrient solution, bundle fixed with film tape and expose the bud point of scion;Timely and appropriate discovery waters to grafting after grafting,
And pinch the bud grown on stock, grafting untied film tape after 15 days, and grafting 40 days later can be by grafting transplantation of seedlings.
The nutrient solution is in parts by weight, by water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide 10kg, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 60kg, secondary phosphorus
Sour calcium 2kg, sodium molybdate 0.5kg, ammonium nitrate 6kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate 2kg, boric acid 4kg, sucrose
10kg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 30kg and deionized water 700kg are mixed with and formed.
Using this method grafting apple, survival rate is 93%.
Embodiment two
A kind of engrafting method of apple, using 3 years, raw rock sugar pears is stocks, and grafting time is annual March, before grafting
15 days, the mixed fertilizer of farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is applied to stock, dose is 0.2kg/
Strain, the farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the weight ratio of ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are 80:20:25:16:15, transferring
Connect first 8 days, by diameter of stock be 10cm and the stock top of more than top 8cm with eye position is slightly cut away, and will with plastics
Cut position parcel;Select kind excellent and apple tree of no disease and pests harm, position of the apple tree with eye cut, and by its
" W " shape is cut into stock joint place, scion is then soaked into 4h with 300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate;By the position with eye on stock
The otch of " W " shape is cut into, then inserts the scion after processing in the otch on stock, is sprayed in scion and stock otch joint place
Apply after nutrient solution, bundle fixed with film tape and expose the bud point of scion;Timely and appropriate discovery waters to grafting after grafting, and
Pinch the bud grown on stock, grafting untied film tape after 20 days, grafting 40 days later can be by grafting transplantation of seedlings.
The nutrient solution is in parts by weight, by water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide 15kg, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 80kg, secondary phosphorus
Sour calcium 3kg, sodium molybdate 1kg, ammonium nitrate 10kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate 5kg, boric acid 6kg, sucrose
12kg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 50kg and deionized water 800kg are mixed with and formed.
Using this method grafting apple, survival rate is 95%.
Embodiment three
A kind of engrafting method of apple, using 2 years, raw rock sugar pears is stocks, and grafting time is annual 2 months, before grafting
12 days, the mixed fertilizer of farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is applied to stock, dose is 0.2kg/
Strain, the farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the weight ratio of ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are 60:15:20:12:12, transferring
Connect first 6 days, by diameter of stock be 7cm and the stock top of more than top 6cm with eye position is slightly cut away, and will be by with plastics
Cut position parcel;Select kind excellent and apple tree of no disease and pests harm, position of the apple tree with eye cut, and by its with
" W " shape is cut into stock joint place, and scion then is soaked into 3h with 250PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate;Position with eye on stock is cut
Into the otch of " W " shape, then the scion after processing is inserted in the otch on stock, sprayed in scion and stock otch joint place
After nutrient solution, bundle fixed with film tape and expose the bud point of scion;Timely and appropriate discovery waters to grafting after grafting, and pinches
Fall the bud grown on stock, grafting untied film tape after 18 days, grafting 40 days later can be by grafting transplantation of seedlings.
The nutrient solution is in parts by weight, by water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide 12kg, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 70kg, secondary phosphorus
Sour calcium 2.5kg, sodium molybdate 0.8kg, ammonium nitrate 8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate 3kg, boric acid 5kg, sucrose
11kg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 40kg and deionized water 750kg are mixed with and formed.
Using this method grafting apple, survival rate is 96%.
It is described above, only it is the preferable example of the present invention, any formal limitation not is made to the present invention, it is any not take off
From technical solution of the present invention content, any simple modification made according to technical spirit of the invention to above example, conversion material
Equivalent variations and modification are expected, in the range of still falling within technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of engrafting method of apple, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) stock is pre-processed:Using rock sugar pears as stock, 10~15 days before grafting, fertilizer treatment is carried out to stock, before grafting
5~8 days, by diameter of stock be 3~10cm and the stock top of 5~more than 8cm of top with eye position is slightly cut away, and with moulding
Material will be cut position parcel;
(2) scion is handled:Select kind excellent and no disease and pests harm apple tree, position of the apple tree with eye is cut, and
" W " shape is cut into itself and stock joint place, scion is then soaked into 2~4h with 200~300PPM methyl α-naphthyl acetate;
(3) grafting:Position with eye on stock is cut into the otch of " W " shape, stock then is inserted into the scion after processing
On otch in, after scion and stock otch joint place spraying nutrient solution, bundle fixed with film tape and make the bud point of scion
Expose, the nutrient solution is in parts by weight, by 10~15 parts of water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 60~80
Part, 2~3 parts of calcium hypophosphite, 0.5~1 part of sodium molybdate, 6~10 parts of ammonium nitrate, 1~3 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid
700~800 parts of 2~5 parts of sodium, 4~6 parts of boric acid, 10~12 parts of sucrose, 30~50 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and deionized water are mixed with
Form;
(4) final-period management:Grafting is watered after grafting, and pinches the bud grown on stock, grafting 15~20 days later will be thin
Film bar is untied, and grafting 40 days later can be by grafting transplantation of seedlings.
2. the engrafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step (1), the fertilizer applied to stock
For the mixed fertilizer of farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, dose is 0.1~0.2kg/ plants of anvils
Wood.
3. the engrafting method of apple as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the farm manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
The weight ratio of ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is (50~80):(10~20):(15~25):(8~16):(10~15).
4. the engrafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described grafting time is annual 2~3
Month.
5. the engrafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the rock sugar pears are 2~3 years raw rock sugar
Pears.
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