CN104838899A - Apple grafting method - Google Patents
Apple grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104838899A CN104838899A CN201510283358.4A CN201510283358A CN104838899A CN 104838899 A CN104838899 A CN 104838899A CN 201510283358 A CN201510283358 A CN 201510283358A CN 104838899 A CN104838899 A CN 104838899A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an apple grafting method, and belongs to the technical field of grafting. The apple grafting method includes taking a rock candy pear tree as a stock, fertilizing the stock before grafting, cutting off the top of the stock, wrapping the stock with plastic, cutting off an eyed portion of an apple tree, taking the eyed portion as a scion, cutting the scion into the 'W' shape, soaking the scion in 1-naphthylacetic acid, cutting an 'W'-shaped notch in an eyed position of the stock, inserting the scion into the notch in the stock, spraying a nutrient solution, binding and fixing the scion and the stock with a film tape, exposing grafted buds and performing final-period management. The apple grafting method has the advantages of high grafting survival rate and low apple seedling cultivation cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to graft technology field, specifically, relate to a kind of grafting method of apple.
Background technology
Apple taste is sweet or slightly sour, is Common Fruits, has abundant nutrition composition, have dietotherapy, supplemental treatment function, is one of large fruit in the world four.China is apple production state the biggest in the world, and northeastward, all there is cultivation on North China, East China, northwest and the ground such as Sichuan, Yunnan.Energy content 218kj, moisture 85.9g, protein 0.2g, fatty 0.2g, dietary fiber 1.2g, carbohydrate 12.3g, carotin 20 μ g, retinol equivalent 3 μ g, thiamine 0.06mg, vitamin b3 0.02mg, niacin 0.2mg, vitamin C 4mg, vitamin E 2.12mg, potassium 119mg, sodium 1.6mg, calcium 4mg, magnesium 4mg, iron 0.6mg, manganese 0.03mg, zinc 0.19mg, copper 0.06mg, phosphorus 12mg and selenium 0.12 μ g in every l00g apple, also containing pectin, quininic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid etc.
At present, the breeding method that apple seedling adopts usually is: after ripe apple of gathering, fruit is piled up to soften and gets kind, high temperature is produced and because of anoxic injury seed during for avoiding heap fermentation, ulking thickness is advisable with 25 ~ 35 centimetres, and seed wants rinsed clean after taking out, require under certain low epidemic disaster and aeration condition, just can germinate after certain hour completes After-ripening.So the stock seed of spring sowing must carry out Stratificated treatment (or claiming Sand culture).The specific practice of Stratificated treatment is: select in the shade, and dry, not easily the trench of dark 30 centimetres, wide 25 centimetres is dug in the plot of ponding.During lamination, first spread one deck at bottom of trench only husky, and then mix in 1 part of seed and 4 ~ 5 parts of river sand ratios and be laid on clean sand, the superiors again lid layer are wet husky.In lamination process, temperature is advisable with 2 ~ 7 DEG C, and husky humidity is agglomerating to hold, and one touches and namely falls apart for degree, sows after Stratificated treatment or Sand culture again.Owing to adopting the fruit quality of cultivating seeds apple tree knot out poor, colory apple tree therefore usually to be adopted to carry out grafting.Adopt Apple Seeds to cultivate apple seedling, not only the Stratificated treatment of Apple Seeds or Sand culture complicated and consuming time, and the germination rate of seed is after treatment still on the low side.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of grafting method of apple, the method is with rock sugar pears for stock, and apple is that grafting is carried out in scion, by carrying out the process of stock pretreatment, scion process and grafting procedures before grafting, substantially increase the survival rate of apple grafting.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical programs:
A grafting method for apple, comprises the following steps:
(1) stock pretreatment: with rock sugar pears for stock, before grafting 10 ~ 15 days, fertilizer treatment is carried out to stock, before grafting 5 ~ 8 days, diameter of stock is 3 ~ 10cm and grows have the stock top of top 5 ~ more than the 8cm of eye position slightly to cut away, and position parcel will be cut with plastics;
(2) scion process: select kind excellent and without the apple tree of damage by disease and insect, have the position of eye to cut, and its and stock joint place are cut into " W " shape by long for apple tree, then by the methyl α-naphthyl acetate immersion 2 ~ 4h of scion with 200 ~ 300PPM;
(3) grafting: have the position of eye to be cut into the otch of " W " shape by long on stock, then the scion after process is inserted in the otch on stock, after scion and stock otch joint place spray nutrient solution, fix with film tape binding and the bud of scion point is exposed;
(4) final-period management: after grafting, grafting is watered, and pinch the bud that stock grows, film tape was untied after 15 ~ 20 days by grafting, and grafting can be transplanted by grafting for 40 days later.
In described step (1), the fertilizer executed stock is that the mixing of farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is fertile, and fertilizing amount is 0.1 ~ 0.2kg/ strain stock.
The weight ratio of described farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is (50 ~ 80): (10 ~ 20): (15 ~ 25): (8 ~ 16): (10 ~ 15).
Described grafting time is 2 annual ~ March.
Described rock sugar pears are the rock sugar pears of life in 2 ~ 3 years.
Described nutrient solution is with parts by weight, is mixed with forms by water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide 10 ~ 15 parts, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 60 ~ 80 parts, calcium hypophosphite 2 ~ 3 parts, sodium molybdate 0.5 ~ 1 part, 6 ~ 10 parts, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 3 part, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate 2 ~ 5 parts, boric acid 4 ~ 6 parts, sucrose 10 ~ 12 parts, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 30 ~ 50 parts and deionized water 700 ~ 800 parts.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the percentage of seedgermination of rock sugar pears is higher, and do not need can germinate through specially treated, the seedling culture of rock sugar pears is comparatively easy, cultivate cost lower than Apple Seeds cultivation seedling, the present invention with rock sugar pears for stock takes grafting apple, not only can reduce the cost that apple seedling is cultivated, and the apple local flavor cultivated is better.
2. the present invention is by being cut into " W " shape by the incision of stock and scion, and this shape can make the xylem of stock and scion, skin and phloem fit tightly, thus improves the survival rate of scion grafting.
3. preprocessing process of the present invention can improve nutriment in stock, and then can guarantee that after grafting stock provides sufficient nutrition to scion, thus improves the survival rate of grafting.
4. nutrient solution of the present invention by keeping the skin wet, nutriment, somatotropin and enzyme and its antibacterial action had and effectively can improve graft survival rate.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
A kind of grafting method of apple, with the rock sugar pears of life in 2 years for stock, grafting time is annual February, in grafting first 10 days, mixing stock being executed to farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is fertile, fertilizing amount is 0.1kg/ strain, the weight ratio of described farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is 50:10:15:8 ~ 16:10, in grafting first 5 days, diameter of stock is 3cm and grows have the stock top of top more than the 5cm of eye position slightly to cut away, and position parcel will be cut with plastics; Select kind excellent and without the apple tree of damage by disease and insect, have the position of eye to cut by long for apple tree, and its and stock joint place are cut into " W " shape, then by the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of scion 200PPM immersion 2h; There is the position of eye to be cut into the otch of " W " shape by long on stock, then the scion after process is inserted in the otch on stock, after scion and stock otch joint place spray nutrient solution, fix with film tape binding and the bud of scion point is exposed; Timely and appropriate discovery grafting is watered after grafting, and pinch the bud that stock grows, film tape was untied after 15 days by grafting, and grafting can be transplanted by grafting for 40 days later.
Described nutrient solution is with parts by weight, is mixed with is formed by water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide 10kg, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 60kg, calcium hypophosphite 2kg, sodium molybdate 0.5kg, ammonium nitrate 6kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1kg, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate 2kg, boric acid 4kg, sucrose 10kg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 30kg and deionized water 700kg.
Adopt the method grafting apple, survival rate is 93%.
Embodiment two
A kind of grafting method of apple, with the rock sugar pears of life in 3 years for stock, grafting time is annual March, in grafting first 15 days, mixing stock being executed to farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is fertile, fertilizing amount is 0.2kg/ strain, the weight ratio of described farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is 80:20:25:16:15, in grafting first 8 days, diameter of stock is 10cm and grows have the stock top of top more than the 8cm of eye position slightly to cut away, and position parcel will be cut with plastics; Select kind excellent and without the apple tree of damage by disease and insect, have the position of eye to cut by long for apple tree, and its and stock joint place are cut into " W " shape, then by the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of scion 300PPM immersion 4h; There is the position of eye to be cut into the otch of " W " shape by long on stock, then the scion after process is inserted in the otch on stock, after scion and stock otch joint place spray nutrient solution, fix with film tape binding and the bud of scion point is exposed; Timely and appropriate discovery grafting is watered after grafting, and pinch the bud that stock grows, film tape was untied after 20 days by grafting, and grafting can be transplanted by grafting for 40 days later.
Described nutrient solution is with parts by weight, is mixed with is formed by water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide 15kg, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 80kg, calcium hypophosphite 3kg, sodium molybdate 1kg, ammonium nitrate 10kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3kg, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate 5kg, boric acid 6kg, sucrose 12kg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 50kg and deionized water 800kg.
Adopt the method grafting apple, survival rate is 95%.
Embodiment three
A kind of grafting method of apple, with the rock sugar pears of life in 2 years for stock, grafting time is annual February, in grafting first 12 days, mixing stock being executed to farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is fertile, fertilizing amount is 0.2kg/ strain, the weight ratio of described farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is 60:15:20:12:12, in grafting first 6 days, diameter of stock is 7cm and grows have the stock top of top more than the 6cm of eye position slightly to cut away, and position parcel will be cut with plastics; Select kind excellent and without the apple tree of damage by disease and insect, have the position of eye to cut by long for apple tree, and its and stock joint place are cut into " W " shape, then by the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of scion 250PPM immersion 3h; There is the position of eye to be cut into the otch of " W " shape by long on stock, then the scion after process is inserted in the otch on stock, after scion and stock otch joint place spray nutrient solution, fix with film tape binding and the bud of scion point is exposed; Timely and appropriate discovery grafting is watered after grafting, and pinch the bud that stock grows, film tape was untied after 18 days by grafting, and grafting can be transplanted by grafting for 40 days later.
Described nutrient solution is with parts by weight, is mixed with is formed by water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide 12kg, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 70kg, calcium hypophosphite 2.5kg, sodium molybdate 0.8kg, ammonium nitrate 8kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2kg, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate 3kg, boric acid 5kg, sucrose 11kg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 40kg and deionized water 750kg.
Adopt the method grafting apple, survival rate is 96%.
The above, it is only better example of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, anyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, the any simple modification done above example according to technical spirit of the present invention, coversion material equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a grafting method for apple, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) stock pretreatment: with rock sugar pears for stock, before grafting 10 ~ 15 days, fertilizer treatment is carried out to stock, before grafting 5 ~ 8 days, diameter of stock is 3 ~ 10cm and grows have the stock top of top 5 ~ more than the 8cm of eye position slightly to cut away, and position parcel will be cut with plastics;
(2) scion process: select kind excellent and without the apple tree of damage by disease and insect, have the position of eye to cut, and its and stock joint place are cut into " W " shape by long for apple tree, then by the methyl α-naphthyl acetate immersion 2 ~ 4h of scion with 200 ~ 300PPM;
(3) grafting: have the position of eye to be cut into the otch of " W " shape by long on stock, then the scion after process is inserted in the otch on stock, after scion and stock otch joint place spray nutrient solution, fix with film tape binding and the bud of scion point is exposed;
(4) final-period management: after grafting, grafting is watered, and pinch the bud that stock grows, film tape was untied after 15 ~ 20 days by grafting, and grafting can be transplanted by grafting for 40 days later.
2. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), the fertilizer executed stock is that the mixing of farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is fertile, and fertilizing amount is 0.1 ~ 0.2kg/ strain stock.
3. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described farmyard manure, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) is (50 ~ 80): (10 ~ 20): (15 ~ 25): (8 ~ 16): (10 ~ 15).
4. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described grafting time is 2 annual ~ March.
5. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rock sugar pears are the rock sugar pears of life in 2 ~ 3 years.
6. the grafting method of apple as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nutrient solution is with parts by weight, is mixed with forms by water-soluble chitosan oligosaccharide 10 ~ 15 parts, STARCH GRAFT POLYMER SUPER ABSORBENT RESIN 60 ~ 80 parts, calcium hypophosphite 2 ~ 3 parts, sodium molybdate 0.5 ~ 1 part, 6 ~ 10 parts, ammonium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 ~ 3 part, sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate 2 ~ 5 parts, boric acid 4 ~ 6 parts, sucrose 10 ~ 12 parts, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 30 ~ 50 parts and deionized water 700 ~ 800 parts.
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| CN201510283358.4A CN104838899B (en) | 2015-05-28 | 2015-05-28 | A kind of engrafting method of apple |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123287A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2015-12-09 | 江西紫园苗木有限公司 | Novel seedling grafting cultivation method |
| CN106718095A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 河池市金城江区科学技术情报研究所 | One seed pod mulberry engrafting method |
| CN106718527A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 李志旭 | A kind of method of mango cutting stem |
| CN106797865A (en) * | 2017-02-11 | 2017-06-06 | 廊坊市***工程项目管理中心 | A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple |
| CN107258337A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of apple tree |
| CN107466647A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 云南爱泊农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method for cultivating apple |
| CN107535204A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 何恒 | Muskmelon grafting black seed pumpkin method |
| CN107926317A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 广西银木农业科技开发有限公司 | The engrafting method of fructus crataegi pinnatifidae tree |
| CN109121777A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽金水园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of high-survival rate blueberry engrafting method |
| CN109168696A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-11 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of premium engrafting method |
| CN110663435A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-10 | 宁乡县煤炭坝镇茅栗林木专业合作社 | Grafting cultivation method for osmanthus fragrans and small-wax saplings |
| CN113711790A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-11-30 | 河北鑫鼎农业科技有限公司 | Pear tree grafting method and grafting method for multiple fruit trees |
| CN115885781A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-04-04 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Method for increasing content of citrus metabolites |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123287A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2015-12-09 | 江西紫园苗木有限公司 | Novel seedling grafting cultivation method |
| CN107535204A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 何恒 | Muskmelon grafting black seed pumpkin method |
| CN106718527A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 李志旭 | A kind of method of mango cutting stem |
| CN106718095A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-31 | 河池市金城江区科学技术情报研究所 | One seed pod mulberry engrafting method |
| CN106797865A (en) * | 2017-02-11 | 2017-06-06 | 廊坊市***工程项目管理中心 | A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple |
| CN106797865B (en) * | 2017-02-11 | 2019-06-28 | 廊坊市***工程项目管理中心 | A kind of cultural method of the anti-dry rot of apple |
| CN107258337A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥仙之峰农业科技有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of apple tree |
| CN107466647A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-15 | 云南爱泊农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method for cultivating apple |
| CN107926317A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 广西银木农业科技开发有限公司 | The engrafting method of fructus crataegi pinnatifidae tree |
| CN109121777A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽金水园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of high-survival rate blueberry engrafting method |
| CN109168696A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-11 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | A kind of premium engrafting method |
| CN109168696B (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-12-01 | 普定县绿源苗业开发有限公司 | Method for grafting malus asiatica |
| CN110663435A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-10 | 宁乡县煤炭坝镇茅栗林木专业合作社 | Grafting cultivation method for osmanthus fragrans and small-wax saplings |
| CN113711790A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-11-30 | 河北鑫鼎农业科技有限公司 | Pear tree grafting method and grafting method for multiple fruit trees |
| CN115885781A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2023-04-04 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Method for increasing content of citrus metabolites |
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