CN104831743A - Assessment method of water-rich surrounding rock grouting water controlling effect - Google Patents
Assessment method of water-rich surrounding rock grouting water controlling effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an assessment method of a water-rich surrounding rock grouting water controlling effect; and the assessment method consists of an H-P-Q relation method, a water controlling effect index method, an auxiliary induced polarization real-time water exploring method and a drilling television and geological radar combination imaging observation method. The assessment method is comprehensive and reliable in based data, can performs the visual qualitative analysis for the surrounding rock grouting water controlling effect through a drilling television, a geological radar and the like, quantitatively obtains the specific surrounding rock reinforcing degree through a grouting water controlling effect index calculating method and the H-P-Q relation method, improves the systematicness and the scientificity of assessment results, provides the basis to the grouting effect assessment for the underground engineering, in particular for the grouting water sealing construction of water-rich surrounding rocks, and can guide the assessment operation of the water-rich surrounding rock grouting water controlling effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to security technology area in underground construction, be specifically related to a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect when carrying out tunneling construction process in underground construction.
Background technology
In the process of underground engineering construction, due to the complexity of rock stratum itself and the restriction of existing Detection Techniques investigative range and precision, the situation of Fu Shui rock stratum water burst may be run in the process of Underground Engineering Excavation.
At present, when rig runs into aquifer in drilling process, usually adopt the shutoff of method realization to country rock inner aqueous layer of slip casting, but because difference is constructed the complexity of regional geological conditions and construction quality uncertainty to a certain extent, make underground construction must carry out accurate quantitatively check and evaluation to slip casting control water effect before continuation driving, traditional method conventional for the assessment controlling water effect after rich water wall rock grouting has transient electromagnetic method, geological radar method, probing method, but this several method exists following problem:
1, because the complexity of construction field geology condition adopts transient electromagnetic method and geological radar method to be often difficult to obtain result accurately.
2, when running into periphery and having large metal construction or low resistivity layer mineralized belt, the data that transient electromagnetic method measures can not use.
3, transient electromagnetic method and geological radar method can only analyze judgement to the rich water country rock after reinforcing by image qualitatively, cannot realize the accurate quantitative analysis to consolidation effect.
4, probing method is used can to cause certain damage to the rich water country rock carrying out grouting and reinforcing.
Great potential safety hazard will be brought for the subsequent construction of engineering if cannot realize to the accurate evaluation of slip casting control water effect, reach the consolidation effect of expection if fail after slip casting, gushing water will be caused and to dash forward the major accidents such as mud, become the key factor of engineering constraint construction.
Summary of the invention
Given this, in order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect based on the data such as rock stratum water burst leading indicator, by to leading indicator information, comprehensively analyze contrast, thus assessment is made to the control water effect after the slip casting of rock stratum.
In order to realize this object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Comprise the following steps:
Step 1: determine control water effect value λ (p) up to standard, the critical water burst pressure value P of slip casting ', slip casting critical water burst flow Q ', excavates critical water burst flow Q " and injecting cement paste desired thickness H ';
Step 2: in water zone, obtains initial water burst pressure P
1with initial water burst flow Q
1, more initial water burst pressure P
1water burst pressure value P critical with slip casting ', initial water burst flow Q
1with slip casting critical water burst flow Q ', when initial water burst pressure P
1be greater than critical water burst pressure value P ', or initial water burst flow Q
1when being greater than critical water burst flow Q ', slip casting being carried out to country rock, otherwise refuses slip casting;
Step 3: for the country rock section needing slip casting, obtain slip casting stablize after control water efficacy parameter F (P), stablize water burst flow Q
2with injecting cement paste actual (real) thickness H;
Step 4: compare corresponding each index, when control water efficacy parameter F (P) is greater than control water effect value λ (p) up to standard, stablizes water burst flow Q
2be less than the critical water burst flow Q of excavation ", injecting cement paste actual (real) thickness H is when being greater than injecting cement paste desired thickness H ', slip casting is qualified, if there is any one factor not meet, needs to carry out benefits slurry and operates.
Wherein, in step 1, described control water effect value λ (p) up to standard is determined by the grouting and reinforcing test of some test section country rocks roughly the same with engineering geological conditions at rock property: described control water effect value λ (p) up to standard using excavate all every linear meter(lin.m.) inspection eye water yields afterwards all level off to inspection eye qualified water yield time the average of control water efficacy parameter F (P) as its value.
The ratio of the initial water burst force value before the absolute value that described control water efficacy parameter F (P) is water burst pressure variety before and after slip casting and slip casting.
In step 1, described injecting cement paste desired thickness H ' is obtained by field trial and Numerical Experiment data fitting: pass through Analysis of Field Test, obtain the relation data of injecting cement paste desired thickness H ' and initial water burst pressure P and initial water burst flow Q, and obtain carrying out the conditional parameter needed for numerical simulation; Then obtained the data of H ' under different geological conditions and P and Q relation by a large amount of Numerical Experiment, simulating its relation formula by related software is:
H’＝F(P，Q)
Wherein, H ' be after excavation all every linear meter(lin.m.) inspection eye water yields all level off to inspection eye qualified water yield time corresponding injecting cement paste thickness.
In step 1, describedly determine that the test section of injecting cement paste desired thickness H ' is chosen in the underground construction that rock property is different with rich aqueous condition; The qualified water yield of described inspection eye is 0.15L/min.
In step 1, described relational expression H '=F (P, Q) also needs the actual value obtained by repeating above-mentioned field trial at another test section to contrast, thus verifies the correctness of this relational expression.
In step 1, the critical water burst pressure value P of described slip casting ', slip casting critical water burst flow Q ', excavates critical water burst flow Q " comprehensively obtain according to field geology conditions, similar engineering correction data and expert database.
In step 2, described water zone carries out advanced prediction analysis acquisition by the induced polarization exploration predictor be arranged on rig to the moisture situation in certain limit around underground construction.
In step 2, described initial water burst flow Q is recorded by the flow transmitter be arranged on drill bit of drilling machine; Described initial water burst pressure value P is recorded by the osmometer be arranged on drill bit of drilling machine.
In step 3, described control water efficacy parameter F (P) meets following formula:
F(P)＝|P
2-P
1|/P
1×100％
Wherein, P
2for the stable water burst force value after slip casting, P
1for the initial water burst force value before slip casting.
In step 3, described injecting cement paste actual (real) thickness H utilizes geological radar to record.
In step 4, borehole television and geological radar combined imaging observation method is utilized to carry out aided assessment to slip casting effect.
In step 4, described borehole television and geological radar carry out the collection of image and data to the slurries spread condition in boring and rich water country rock plugging effect and transfer to Computerized three-dimensional and to become more meticulous imaging system, by system become image viewing slip casting for the control water effect of rich water country rock.
In step 4, the data such as the time interval and corresponding relative dielectric constant of back wave of launching according to described geological radar and the compare of analysis in legacy data storehouse, judge the change situation of the mechanical property of slip casting rock stratum.
In step 4, utilize the induced polarization device be arranged on rig to detect slip casting region, assessment slip casting control water effect, when detecting water or water content higher than a certain standard value in slip casting region, thinking that slip casting control water effect is defective, needing to mend slurry; Otherwise slip casting is qualified, do not need to mend slurry.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Water effectiveness indicator method is controlled in the present invention after visiting water law, the dangerous leading indicator criterion of water burst, slip casting in real time by induced polarization, H-P-Q relational expression method, borehole television geological radar combined imaging observation method form.
By the induced polarization exploration predictor be arranged on rig, advanced prediction analysis is carried out to the moisture situation around underground construction, effectively can detect the general scope of water zone, for whether adopting borehole survey corresponding index to provide foundation.
The water burst phenomenon leading indicator factor in geotechnical boring work progress is recorded by the flow transmitter, osmometer etc. be arranged on drill bit, i.e. initial country rock water burst pressure P 1, initial country rock water burst flow Q1, the situation of water yield can be determined real-time and easily, for quantitative description water burst danger provides foundation.
Real-time Collection is carried out to water burst index factor and with the critical water burst pressure value P needing to carry out grouting and reinforcing ', critical water burst flow Q ' is analyzed, can qualitative assessment rich water country rock water burst danger and judge whether to need to carry out grouting seal water operation.
After carrying out grouting seal water operation, water effectiveness indicator method is controlled after utilizing slip casting, the leading indicators such as the real time measure water burst pressure P 2, water burst flow Q2, slip casting control water efficacy parameter F (P) according to the stable water burst flow Q2 recorded and calculating can assess slip casting control water effect quantitatively.
Utilize H-P-Q relational expression method, the slip casting that geological radar records completes that the thickness H ' of grouting behind shaft or drift lining body is same with the relation of theoretical value H can assess slip casting control water effect quantitatively.
For traditional grouting method, after reinforcing, needing probing to determine, whether slip casting is qualified; Employing slip casting control water effectiveness indicator method and H-P-Q relational expression method can on the bases of removing probing from, determine that whether slip casting effect is qualified, not only avoid causing damage to engineering surrounding rock, and can increase work efficiency greatly, save conventional method utilization and establish multiple inspection eye to judge the time of pre-pouring grout effect
Utilize borehole television and geological radar to carry out the collection of image and data to the slurries spread condition in boring and rich water country rock plugging effect and to transfer to Computerized three-dimensional and to become more meticulous imaging system, by system become the control water effect of change assessment of scenario slip casting for rich water country rock of the mechanical property of image and slip casting rock stratum; Utilize the moisture situation of induced polarization device to slip casting region to detect simultaneously, can concentrated expression slip casting effect.
The data of foundation of the present invention are comprehensively reliable, visual qualitative analysis can not only be carried out by the slip casting control water effect to country rock such as borehole television, geological radar, obtained the concrete reinforcement degree of country rock by slip casting control water effectiveness indicator computing method, H-P-Q relational expression standard measure simultaneously, improve systematicness and the science of assessment result, especially carry out the assessment of slip casting effect when grouting seal water is constructed at rich water country rock for underground construction and provide foundation, the evaluation work for rich water wall rock grouting control water effect can be instructed.
The present invention can utilize and be arranged on flow transmitter on drill bit of drilling machine and osmometer Real-Time Monitoring water burst flow and water burst force value, observe the evaluation index judging pre-pouring grout effect in time, save conventional method utilization and establish multiple inspection eye to judge the time of pre-pouring grout effect.Control water effectiveness indicator method after comprehensive utilization slip casting, evaluation index quantizes by H-P-Q relational expression method, have the exact evaluation utilized pre-pouring grout effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is operation of the present invention and flow chart of data processing figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described further:
Slip casting control water effect evaluation method of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Step one: choose appropriate test section in the underground construction that rock property is different with rich aqueous condition, take into account osmometer by the flow be arranged on drill bit and record the initial water burst flow Q of drill bit in drilling process and initial water burst pressure P in real time, every section of test section country rock is carried out to the grouting and reinforcing operation of different grouting amount, record respectively different tests section country rock control water effect qualified time corresponding injecting cement paste thickness H ', carry out numerical experiments by COMSOL Multiph-ysics software thus simulate initial water burst flow Q, initial water burst pressure P, relation H ' between injecting cement paste desired thickness H=F (P, Q), the actual value that the theoretical H value utilizing this relational expression to obtain and field trial obtain is carried out contrasting at another test section repeating test thus verify the correctness of this relational expression.
Step 2: as step one, appropriate test section is chosen in the rich water country rock location that rock property is roughly the same in underground construction, records the initial water burst pressure of drill bit in drilling process in real time by the osmometer be arranged on drill bit
(i represents i-th test section), carries out the slip casting control water operation of different grouting amount, stablizes water burst pressure after recording slip casting respectively to every section of test section country rock
calculate control water efficacy parameter
Then excavate, be not more than 0.15L/min as the qualified standard of slip casting effect to excavate rear all every linear meter(lin.m.) inspection eye water yields, the F (P) when the water yield of the excavation every linear meter(lin.m.) inspection eye in every hole afterwards of i test section all levels off to 0.15L/min
iaverage as control water effect value up to standard λ (p), be used as the evaluation criterion of the underground construction grouting for water blocking effect in later stage with this value up to standard.
Step 3: first by the induced polarization exploration predictor be arranged on rig, advanced prediction analysis is carried out to the moisture situation in certain limit around underground construction, determine the relative position of water zone and underground construction.
Step 4: rig carries out in the process of creeping into, by being arranged on flow transmitter on drill bit, osmometer carries out Real-time Collection to the water burst leading indicator water burst pressure P 1 of rock stratum in drilling process, water burst flow Q1 and transfers to computer system, realize the Real-Time Monitoring to rock stratum place water burst situation residing for drill bit, and be worth critical water burst pressure value P with needing the critical water burst leading indicator of carrying out grouting and reinforcing ', critical water burst flow Q ' contrasts.Wherein, water burst pressure value P ', critical water burst flow Q ' comprehensively obtains according to field geology conditions, similar engineering correction data and expert database.
Step 5: be worth critical water burst pressure value P when collected initial water burst pressure P 1 or initial water burst flow Q1 exceed critical water burst leading indicator ' or critical water burst flow Q ' time, need to carry out grouting operation to rock stratum.
Step 6: the water burst situation leading indicator value stabilization water burst pressure P 2 after slip casting control water and stable water burst flow Q2 are gathered, and before utilizing grouting and reinforcing, initial water burst pressure P 1 calculates slip casting control water efficacy parameter
F(P)＝|P
2-P
1|/P
1×100％
And be worth λ (p) with control water effect is up to standard, as F (P) > λ (p) and stablize water burst flow Q2 be not more than excavation critical water burst flow Q " time judge that now slip casting effect is up to standard, otherwise proceed grouting and reinforcing operation.Wherein, critical water burst flow Q is excavated " comprehensively obtain according to according to field geology conditions, similar engineering correction data.
Step 7: utilize geological radar to record thickness H that slip casting completes grouting behind shaft or drift lining body, according to the functional relation H=F (P between known water burst flow Q, initial water burst pressure P, injecting cement paste desired thickness H, Q), the initial water burst flow Q recorded and initial water burst pressure P is utilized to calculate H ' value and compare with actual injecting cement paste thickness H the effect assessing slip casting control water.
Step 8: utilize borehole television and geological radar carry out the collection of image and data to the slurries spread condition in boring and rich water country rock plugging effect and transfer to Computerized three-dimensional and to become more meticulous imaging system, by system become image viewing slip casting for the control water effect of rich water country rock, simultaneously according to the compare of analysis in the data such as time interval of the back wave of geology radar emission and corresponding relative dielectric constant and legacy data storehouse, judge the change situation of the mechanical property of slip casting rock stratum, realize the object of comprehensive assessment slip casting to the control water effect of rich water country rock.
Step 9: utilize the induced polarization device be arranged on rig to detect slip casting region, assessment slip casting control water effect.When not detecting water or water content lower than a certain standard value in slip casting region, think that slip casting control water effect is qualified.
Step 10: comprehensive above step, as slip casting control water efficacy parameter F (P) > λ (p), stablize water burst flow Q2 and be not more than the critical water burst flow Q of excavation ", the slip casting that records of the geological radar thickness H that completes grouting behind shaft or drift lining body be greater than theoretical value H ' and induced polarization and borehole television result of detection good time; be judged to be that pre-pouring grout control water effect is qualified, if there is any one factor not meet, then needs to carry out benefits slurry and operate.
Claims (10)
1., to an appraisal procedure for rich water wall rock grouting control water effect, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: determine control water effect value λ (p) up to standard, the critical water burst pressure value P of slip casting ', slip casting critical water burst flow Q ', excavates critical water burst flow Q " and injecting cement paste desired thickness H ';
Step 2: in water zone, obtains initial water burst pressure P
1with initial water burst flow Q
1more initial water burst pressure P and the critical water burst pressure value P of slip casting ', initial water burst flow Q and slip casting critical water burst flow Q ', when initial water burst pressure P is greater than critical water burst pressure value P ', or when initially water burst flow Q is greater than critical water burst flow Q ', slip casting is carried out to country rock, otherwise refuses slip casting;
Step 3: for slip casting section country rock stable after slip casting, obtains control water efficacy parameter F (P), stablizes water burst flow Q2 and injecting cement paste actual (real) thickness H;
Step 4: compare corresponding each index, when control water efficacy parameter F (P) is greater than control water effect value λ (p) up to standard, stablizes water burst flow Q
2be less than the critical water burst flow Q of excavation ", injecting cement paste actual (real) thickness H is when being greater than injecting cement paste desired thickness H ', slip casting is qualified, if there is any one factor not meet, needs to carry out benefits slurry and operates;
Wherein, in step 1, described control water effect value λ (p) up to standard is determined by the grouting and reinforcing test of some test section country rocks roughly the same with engineering geological conditions at rock property: described control water effect value λ (p) up to standard using excavate all every linear meter(lin.m.) inspection eye water yields afterwards all level off to inspection eye qualified water yield time the average of control water efficacy parameter F (P) as its value, the ratio of the initial water burst force value before the absolute value that described control water efficacy parameter F (P) is water burst pressure variety before and after slip casting and slip casting.
2. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1, described injecting cement paste desired thickness H ' is obtained by field trial and Numerical Experiment data fitting: pass through Analysis of Field Test, obtain the relation data of injecting cement paste desired thickness H ' and initial water burst pressure P and initial water burst flow Q, and obtain carrying out the conditional parameter needed for numerical simulation; Then obtained the data of H ' under different geological conditions and P and Q relation by a large amount of Numerical Experiment, simulating its relation formula by related software is:
H’＝F(P，Q)
Wherein, H ' be after excavation all every linear meter(lin.m.) inspection eye water yields all level off to inspection eye qualified water yield time corresponding injecting cement paste thickness.
3. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in step 1, describedly determines that the test section of injecting cement paste desired thickness H ' is chosen in the underground construction that rock property is different with rich aqueous condition; The qualified water yield of described inspection eye is 0.15L/min; Described relational expression H '=F (P, Q) also needs the actual value obtained by repeating above-mentioned field trial at another test section to contrast, thus verifies the correctness of this relational expression.
4. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein, in step 2, described water zone carries out advanced prediction analysis acquisition by the induced polarization exploration predictor be arranged on rig to the moisture situation in certain limit around underground construction.
5. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 2, described initial water burst flow Q is recorded by the flow transmitter be arranged on drill bit of drilling machine; Described initial water burst pressure value P is recorded by the osmometer be arranged on drill bit of drilling machine.
6. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 3, described control water efficacy parameter F (P) meets following formula:
F(P)＝|P
2-P
1|/P
1×100％
Wherein, P2 is the stable water burst force value after slip casting, P
1for the initial water burst force value before slip casting.
7. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 3, described injecting cement paste actual (real) thickness H utilizes geological radar to record.
8. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 4, utilizes borehole television and geological radar combined imaging observation method to carry out aided assessment to slip casting effect.
9. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: in step 4, described borehole television and geological radar carry out the collection of image and data to the slurries spread condition in boring and rich water country rock plugging effect and transfer to Computerized three-dimensional and to become more meticulous imaging system, by system become image viewing slip casting for the control water effect of rich water country rock, the data such as the time interval and corresponding relative dielectric constant of back wave of launching according to described geological radar and the compare of analysis in legacy data storehouse, judge the change situation of the mechanical property of slip casting rock stratum.
10. a kind of appraisal procedure to rich water wall rock grouting control water effect according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: in step 4, the induced polarization device be arranged on rig is utilized to detect slip casting region, assessment slip casting control water effect, when detecting water or water content higher than a certain standard value in slip casting region, think that slip casting control water effect is defective, need to mend slurry; Otherwise slip casting is qualified, do not need to mend slurry.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108915689A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-30 | 中南大学 | A kind of water rich strata shaft excavation spy shutoff method |
| CN111552008A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-18 | 重庆市能源投资集团科技有限责任公司 | Coal mine underground geologic structure drilling refinement all-dimensional detection method |
| CN113833492A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-24 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunneling settlement and water burst section treatment method for small-section water conservancy tunnel |
| CN114961790A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 中南大学 | Shield synchronous grouting construction method and construction effect evaluation method thereof |
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| JP2010222805A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-07 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Method for evaluating stability of excavated surface against sump water |
| CN104215748A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-17 | 山东大学 | Comprehensive quantitative determination method for grouting reinforcement effect of underground engineering crushed surrounding rocks |
| CN104330838A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-04 | 山东大学 | Method applied to fine detection of sudden water burst channel in underground engineering and evaluation of grouting and plugging effects of sudden water burst channel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2010222805A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-07 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Method for evaluating stability of excavated surface against sump water |
| CN104215748A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2014-12-17 | 山东大学 | Comprehensive quantitative determination method for grouting reinforcement effect of underground engineering crushed surrounding rocks |
| CN104330838A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-02-04 | 山东大学 | Method applied to fine detection of sudden water burst channel in underground engineering and evaluation of grouting and plugging effects of sudden water burst channel |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108915689A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-30 | 中南大学 | A kind of water rich strata shaft excavation spy shutoff method |
| CN111552008A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-18 | 重庆市能源投资集团科技有限责任公司 | Coal mine underground geologic structure drilling refinement all-dimensional detection method |
| CN113833492A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-24 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | TBM (tunnel boring machine) tunneling settlement and water burst section treatment method for small-section water conservancy tunnel |
| CN113833492B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-12-20 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | TBM (Tunnel boring machine) tunneling settlement and water burst section treatment method for small-section water conservancy tunnel |
| CN114961790A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 中南大学 | Shield synchronous grouting construction method and construction effect evaluation method thereof |
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Inventor after: Li Shucai Inventor after: Feng Ruoyu Inventor after: Chen Xianghua Inventor after: Wang Manling Inventor after: Shao Xing Inventor after: Pan Rui Inventor after: Zhang Kai Inventor after: Liu Zeyong Inventor after: Nie Shuang Inventor after: Zhang De Inventor after: Sun Jingye Inventor after: Wang Qi Inventor after: Gao Xia Inventor after: Liu Aolin Inventor after: Zhang Chunyu Inventor after: Zhang Nuoya Inventor after: Chen Chengdong Inventor after: Zhang Yan Inventor after: Gao Song Inventor after: Luan Yingcheng Inventor after: Chen Ying Inventor after: Liang Yanhong Inventor after: Jiang Bei Inventor after: Xie Lei Inventor after: Yan Kai Inventor before: Li Shucai Inventor before: Shao Xing Inventor before: Pan Rui Inventor before: Zhang Kai Inventor before: Liu Zeyong Inventor before: Nie Shuang Inventor before: Zhang De Inventor before: Sun Jingye Inventor before: Gao Xia Inventor before: Liu Aolin Inventor before: Zhang Chunyu Inventor before: Wang Qi Inventor before: Zhang Nuoya Inventor before: Chen Chengdong Inventor before: Zhang Yan Inventor before: Xie Lei Inventor before: Gao Song Inventor before: Yan Kai Inventor before: Jiang Bei Inventor before: Wang Manling Inventor before: Feng Ruoyu Inventor before: Chen Ying |
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