CN104824476B - A kind of rumen-protected folic acid, the cattle feed containing the rumen-protected folic acid and its application - Google Patents
A kind of rumen-protected folic acid, the cattle feed containing the rumen-protected folic acid and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN104824476B CN104824476B CN201510289697.3A CN201510289697A CN104824476B CN 104824476 B CN104824476 B CN 104824476B CN 201510289697 A CN201510289697 A CN 201510289697A CN 104824476 B CN104824476 B CN 104824476B
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- folic acid
- rumen
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- core material
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- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 263
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 3
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
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- 235000006109 methionine Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical class CC(O)CC(O)=O WHBMMWSBFZVSSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
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- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000002742 methionines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
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- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001360 methionine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- DWNBOPVKNPVNQG-LURJTMIESA-N (2s)-4-hydroxy-2-(propylamino)butanoic acid Chemical compound CCCN[C@H](C(O)=O)CCO DWNBOPVKNPVNQG-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)methyl]piperazine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1CN1CCNCC1 QLOKJRIVRGCVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBMBUODDCOAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=NC(Cl)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 OBMBUODDCOAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283725 Bos Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010016717 Fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035606 childbirth Effects 0.000 description 1
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229940014144 folate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004051 gastric juice Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N heparin Chemical compound CC(O)=N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C(O)=O)O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](OC(O)[C@H](OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H]3O)C(O)=O)O[C@@H]2O)CS(O)(=O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O ZFGMDIBRIDKWMY-PASTXAENSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003405 ileum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000031891 intestinal absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- ZNOVTXRBGFNYRX-ABLWVSNPSA-N levomefolic acid Chemical compound C1NC=2NC(N)=NC(=O)C=2N(C)C1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 ZNOVTXRBGFNYRX-ABLWVSNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007635 levomefolic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011578 levomefolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to animal feeding technical field, it is related to a kind of rumen-protected folic acid, the cattle feed containing the rumen-protected folic acid and its application.A kind of rumen-protected folic acid（RPF）, it is to use folic acid as core material, using rumen fat as coating, folic acid accounts for the 40 ± 5% of coating tablet total weight.Further, the rumen fat is palm oil.The rumen-protected folic acid of the addition present invention can effectively improve milk production of cow, and be improved the trend of lactoprotein and butter oil yield.And folic acid increases plasma glucose and reduces the trend of free fatty, β hydroxybutyric acids, urea nitrogen concentration.It is advisable with adding 0.2 gram/day of rumen-protected folic acid, the output of milk can be dramatically increased.Inventor also found, the output of milk can be further increased when adding the rumen-protected folic acid of 0.2 gram/d and 10 grams of rumen bypass methionines.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to animal feeding technical field, it is related to a kind of rumen-protected folic acid, contains the rumen-protected leaf
The cattle feed of acid and its application.
Background technology
Vitamin ensures that the performance of normal production performance and health are required for milk cow.Vitamin is divided into fat-soluble (dimension life
Plain A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B family vitamin and vc) N major class.Vitamin A. D. E is the dimension that must be added in milk cow forage
Raw element.Since bovine rumen microorganism can synthesize vitamin K, B family vitamin, liver and kidney can synthesize vitamin C, so,
Under normal circumstances, it in addition to calf, is not required to additionally add.But enough vitamin As, vitamin D and Wei Sheng must be provided in daily ration
Plain E, to meet the needs of milk cow and beef cattle physiological period.However as the raising of Cow product level, more and more reports
Road shows that the synthetic quantity of the B family vitamins such as niacin, choline may also be insufficient, it is also desirable to add.
Folic acid belongs to B family vitamin, is the required nutrient of mammal.Folic acid all can be used as methyl donor, for other
The biochemical synthesis of methyl compound, reciprocal effects are generated with methionine and VB12.Traditionally, ruminant can be micro- by cud
The folic acid that biosynthesis itself needs.With the development of dairy industry production level, the supply of folic acid, which cannot meet, increasingly to be increased
Milk yield increase (Girar and Matte, 2005).In milk cow forage, the feed as methyl donor is very deficient, therefore
It is likely to cause the shortage of methyl compound in ever-increasing milk.Therefore, the folic acid of milk cow needs to may be insufficient, has
Necessity carries out exogenous addition.Pinotti etc. (2004) is the study found that RPC can promote folic acid to generate, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
Transmethylase approach is to reinforce (Armentano, 1984) in lactation stage.However, about folic acid to milk cow production performance and machine
The document of body metabolism is very limited, the application of especially rumen-protected folic acid and is used in combination even more with rumen bypass methionine
Lack research, it is necessary to carry out the research of this respect.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of rumen-protected folic acid (RPF), which, which can realize, circumvents rumen destruction and enteron aisle is fast
It is instant go out dual characteristics, meet the specific Nutrition and Metabolism feature of ruminant and demand.
The present invention also provides a kind of application of rumen-protected folic acid in terms of increasing milk production of cow.
The present invention also provides a kind of cattle feeds containing the rumen-protected folic acid.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of rumen-protected folic acid (RPF) is using folic acid as core material, using rumen fat as coating,
Folic acid accounts for the 40 ± 5% of coating tablet total weight.Further, the rumen fat is palm oil.
Application of the rumen-protected folic acid in terms of increasing milk production of cow described in a kind of, the rumen-protected leaf
The daily scale of feeding of acid is 0.2 ± 0.05 gram/ox.
Preferably, the rumen-protected folic acid is used cooperatively with rumen bypass methionine, rumen bypass methionine it is every
Day scale of feeding is 10 ± 0.2 gram/oxen.
A kind of cattle feed containing the rumen-protected folic acid contains the rumen-protected folic acid in the feed
And basal diet, wherein being in terms of 100% by the weight of basal diet, the mass fraction of rumen-protected folic acid is 0.001%.
Further, the formula of the basal diet is：Silage corn 20.0%, sheep's hay 12.0%, corn 28.0%, beans
The dregs of rice 5.0%, cottonseed 3.0%, wheat bran 5.0%, DDGS 6.0%, premix 0.5%, clover 15.0%, beet pulp 3.5%, phosphorus
Sour hydrogen calcium 0.5%, mountain flour 0.749%, salt 0.7%, rumen-protected folic acid 0.001%, rumen bypass methionine 0.05%.
Further, also contain rumen bypass methionine in the feed, be rumen bypass in terms of 100% by the weight of basal diet
The mass fraction of methionine is 0.05%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The rumen-protected folic acid of the addition present invention can effectively improve milk production of cow, and
It is improved the trend of lactoprotein and butter oil yield.And folic acid increases plasma glucose and reduces free fatty, β-hydroxyl fourth
The trend of acid, urea nitrogen concentration.It is advisable with adding 0.2 gram/day of rumen-protected folic acid, the output of milk can be dramatically increased.Inventor
It has also been found that the output of milk can be further increased when adding the rumen-protected folic acid of 0.2 gram/d and 10 grams of rumen bypass methionines.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the rumen bypass degradation rate change curve of different disposal time rumen-protected folic acid；
Fig. 2 is the enteron aisle digestibility change curve of different disposal time rumen-protected folic acid.
Fig. 3 is influence curve of the rumen-protected folic acid to milk production of cow.
Specific implementation mode
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention will be further explained in detail.It should be appreciated that this hair
Bright implementation is not limited to the following examples, and the accommodation in any form made to the present invention and/or changed will all be fallen
Enter the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, all parts, percentage are unit of weight, used equipment and raw material etc.
It is commercially available or commonly used in the art.Method in following embodiments is unless otherwise instructed the normal of this field
Rule method.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of preparation method of rumen-protected folic acid：40% folic acid, the folic acid for weighing formula ratio are mixed to three-dimensional mixer
It closes 30 minutes, folic acid is placed in trough type mixing machine, purified water is added by several times, stirs 15 minutes, is put into extrusion spheronization machine and carries out
Core material is made in granulation.By fluidized bed drying, 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, drying time controlled at 50 minutes, obtained dry capsule-core；
Coating：By above-mentioned dry core material, it is placed in dry spraying machine, is sprayed onto core material by 60% rumen fatty (palm oil).With
The rumen-protected folic acid that lower embodiment uses is the product that this law is prepared.
The rumen bypass degradation rate of rumen-protected folic acid (processing of microencapsulation coating) measures, this experiment uses 3 fistula milk
Ox.
1, rumen bypass rate measures
This experiment use Nylon Bag edman degradation Edman, experiment be divided into 6 processing, respectively degradation 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h, for 24 hours and
48h is control group (0h) to be handled without cud, each handles 3 repetitions, each to repeat 2 Duplicate Samples of each time point
Product bag, every bag of sample are 5g.It installs the Nylon Bag after sample and dries 48h in 55 DEG C of baking ovens to constant weight, weigh spare.When experiment
Nylon Bag is packed into simultaneously, respectively in cud digest 2h, 4h, 6h, 12h, for 24 hours with corresponding Nylon Bag is taken out after 48h respectively.
2, intestines dissolution determination disappears to rumen-protected folic acid enteral using Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle liquid freeze-dried powder method (FDI)
Rate is measured.
The preparation of Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle liquid freeze-dried powder (FDI)
1. the acquisition of Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle liquid
Experiment Small Intestine of Dairy Cattle liquid used is acquired in beef and mutton trade market, and milk cow collects full digesta into duodenum immediately after butchering
(duodenum to terminal ileum), every ox take 500ml intestinal fluids, the intestinal fluid of acquisition to put -50 DEG C of ultra low temperature freezers of people immediately
Middle preservation after returning to laboratory, is thawed through cold water, after being filtered with double gauze, is divided in 500ml specimen bottles.After freezing
Intestinal fluid sample preserved in -20 DEG C of refrigerator-freezers.
2. the centrifugation of intestinal fluid
The intestinal fluid of -20 DEG C of freezen protectives is taken out before centrifugation.Cold water thaws, and is centrifuged in 4 DEG C, 4000r/min
15min sucks upper layer oil slick by -20 DEG C of preservations in the clean specimen bottle of supernatant dress people with suction pipe.
3. the freeze-drying of intestinal fluid
2d mixes the sample with cold water defrosting and intestinal fluid freeze-dried powder (FDI) is made with freeze drier before freeze-drying, and FDI is fast
Speed is divided in specimen bottle, -20 DEG C of preservations.
The measurement of amylase activity builds up the starch enzyme reagent kit measurement intestinal fluid of offer with Nanjing in intestinal fluid freeze-dried powder
The activity of amylase is 268.5IU/g in freeze-dried powder.
This experiment of the preparation of buffer solution selects the formula (10L) of MeDougall buffer solution MeDougall buffer solutions to be shown in Table 1,
When buffer, pH=7.0 is adjusted with 0.2mol/l HC1.
1 MeDougall buffer formulations of table
External intestinal fluid freeze-dried powder method specified operational procedure takes suitable FDI to be placed in the enzymolysis pipe containing 30ml buffer solutions
In；It weighs after 5g samples are placed in small Nylon Bag, places into enzymolysis pipe；Enzymolysis pipe is placed on 39 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control shaking tables and is shaken
It swings；It is taken out respectively when culture is to 0,2,4,6,12,24,48h.
Sample collection takes out Nylon Bag on time, 5~10min is slowly rinsed in clear water, then open sack, slowly rinsed
Then content dries 48h to constant weight in 55 DEG C of baking ovens, weighs until flow is peace and quiet.Measure different time points sample
Remaining amount of dry matter.
Degradation rate calculates (dry matter)：
Weight × 100 before degradation rate (%)=(weight after weight-treatments of the sample before treatments of the sample)/treatments of the sample.
3, interpretation of result
1. rumen bypass rate measures
After the test, each time point example weight is weighed, and measures weight, the results are shown in Table 2.
2 rumen-protected folic acid rumen digestibility of table measures
As can be seen from Table 2, after rumen bypass is handled, with the extension of processing time, degradation rate presentation gradually rises trend,
When cud handles 48h, degradation rate reaches 20.4%, other degradation rates for respectively handling time point are respectively 0.40%, 1.0%,
3.2%, 5.4%, 9.4% and 15.8, hence it is evident that handle sample less than 48h, after showing the processing of microencapsulation coating, leaf has been effectively relieved
Release of the acid in cud plays the role of delaying release, but degradation rate is significantly improved after 48h, also prompts
In subsequent different digestion phases, coating folic acid will gradually discharge, and make full use of absorption, each time point degradation curve to see for animal
Fig. 1.
2. intestines dissolution determination
After the test, each time point example weight is weighed, and measures rumen-protected folate content, the results are shown in Table 3.
3 rumen-protected folic acid enteron aisle digestibility of table measures
By table 3 as it can be seen that after intestinal juice is handled, with the extension of processing time, under rumen-protected folic acid dry weight is rapid
Drop, to 4h within the digestibility of rumen-protected folic acid reach and decomposed substantially by intestinal juice after 80% or more, 12h, digest
Rate reaches 90.8%.
The above result shows that the folic acid of rumen bypass processing does not influence the release in enteron aisle, the stripping curve in intestinal juice
See Fig. 2.
Micro- coating technique is just becoming in terms of improving the required nutrition of high yield cow and is increasingly being effectively protected means.It is modern
Micro- coating technique makes many Rumen compounds (including amino acid and vitamin etc.) reach gastrointestinal tract rear portion by cud
Target area makes them more effectively be digested absorption.With increasing for micro- coating product, interest of the people to micro- coating technique
Also it gradually increases.There is micro- coating technique, so that it may be controlled with the release time to the nutriment in gastrointestinal tract, make its suction
The bioavaliability received and utilized greatly is played.Under original form, these nutriments will be fast in ruminal environment
Speed is decomposed, and once by coating, and many nutriments almost can intactly reach alimentary canal rear portion so that hydrochloric acid in gastric juice with
Enzyme in duodenum, which is effectively degraded, digests these nutriments, is utilized by milk cow.The folic acid of not coated processing is in tumor
It can all be decomposed quickly in gastric environment；This technology provides cost-effective composition of raw materials, and can more accurately utilize non-protein
Nitrogen source.Therefore, the coating processing of nutrient is a kind of novel, effective nutrition safeguard measure in feed, is expected to become and raise
One of important development direction of feed additives.
This experiment using half in vivo Nylon Bag and extracorporeal culture-ing evaluate rumen-protected folic acid ruminally-protected rate and
Enteron aisle digestibility.Result of study shows that the degradation rate by coating treated microencapsulation folic acid is substantially reduced, for 24 hours with 48h's
Degradation rate is only 15.8% and 20.4%.Residence time of the fine fodder in cud is no more than 48h under normal circumstances, therefore by micro-
It after encapsulated processing, can effectively ensure that folic acid passes through cud, be utilized into intestinal absorption.Rumen-protected leaf
It after acid enters enteron aisle, is dissolved rapidly in the specific environment of intestinal juice, releases the folic acid of protection processing for needed for Animal nutrition, 6h
Within the digestibility of rumen-protected folic acid can reach 90% or more.Therefore it can be realized using rumen-protected folic acid and circumvent cud
The dual characteristics dissolved out rapidly with enteron aisle are destroyed, the specific Nutrition and Metabolism feature of ruminant and demand are met.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of preparation method of rumen-protected folic acid：45% folic acid, the folic acid for weighing formula ratio are mixed to three-dimensional mixer
It closes 30 minutes, folic acid is placed in trough type mixing machine, purified water is added by several times, stirs 15 minutes, is put into extrusion spheronization machine and carries out
Core material is made in granulation.By fluidized bed drying, 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, drying time controlled at 50 minutes, obtained dry capsule-core；
Coating：By above-mentioned dry core material, it is placed in dry spraying machine, is sprayed onto core material by 55% rumen fatty (palm oil).
Embodiment 3：
A kind of preparation method of rumen-protected folic acid：35% folic acid, the folic acid for weighing formula ratio are mixed to three-dimensional mixer
It closes 30 minutes, folic acid is placed in trough type mixing machine, purified water is added by several times, stirs 15 minutes, is put into extrusion spheronization machine and carries out
Core material is made in granulation.By fluidized bed drying, 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, drying time controlled at 50 minutes, obtained dry capsule-core；
Coating：By above-mentioned dry core material, it is placed in dry spraying machine, is sprayed onto core material by 65% rumen fatty (palm oil).
Influence of the 4 rumen-protected folic acid of embodiment to milk cow production performance
Health He Sitan lactating cows 45 are chosen, lactation mid-term is in, it is almost the same by parity, weight, the output of milk etc.
Principle, carry out random pair grouping, be divided into 3 groups, every group 15.It is fed according to the existing feeding regime in cattle farm for examination cows,
By fully mixed diet (TMR) mode feeding.Basal diet forms and trophic level is shown in Table 4.
4 dairy cow diet of table forms and trophic level
It is designed using single factor experiment, rumen-protected folic acid (RPF) dosage is respectively that (40% contains 0,0.1,0.2 gram/
Amount, 84.2% rumen bypass rate and 90.8% small intestine dissolution rate, are equivalent to obtain the folic acid of 0,0.03,0.06g/d).Folic acid first with
Basal diet is pre-mixed by a certain percentage, then is added on TMR daily rations and suitably stirred.Test totally 67 natural gift prerun
Phase and positive examination two stages of phase, wherein 7d are preliminary trial period, and 60 days are the positive examination phase.Milking point is early, middle and late three times, with full-automatic pipe
Road mechanical milking.Milk cow fastens column raising, regular grooming ox body and the interior health of cleaning circle.Free water.
Feed Sample is measured respectively at taking Feed Sample, 65 DEG C of bakings to produce within 24 hours air-drying sample weekly, and crushing is to be measured.It surveys
Determine crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus.The feeding situation of daily each group ox is recorded, and is recorded daily
Remaining material, calculate each group cows feed intake.
Milk performance measures measures weekly all daily yieldings for examination milk cow respectively, while extracting milk sample, adds 5% weight
Potassium chromate preservative 0.5ml measures butter oil, lactoprotein, lactose, solid content etc..
Plasma biochemical index measures 10 after on-test, 30,60 days tail vein bloods, with heparin sodium anti-freezing.It adopts every time
Blood about 10ml is centrifuged 10 minutes with 3500r/min, takes supernatant to be divided into 2 pipes, -20 DEG C of freezen protectives are to be measured.Plasma glucose,
Free fatty, triglycerides, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, plasma urea nitrogen are all made of RNA isolation kit.
All data of statistical analysis use Linear Statistical Model (PROC MIXED), are united according to random district's groups principle
Meter.Statistical model is：Yij=μ+Fi+Wj+FWij+Cij, Yij=free variables, μ=population mean, Fi=folic acid effects,
Wj=time effects, FWij=times and folic acid interaction, Cij=random errors.Time imitates at random as replication, Niu Zuowei
It answers.As a result average, standard error of mean (SEM) is used to indicate.
As a result
1, the influence of rumen-protected folic acid and folic acid to feed intake and production performance
Influence data of the rumen-protected folic acid to feed intake, milk yield and milk ingredient are shown in Table 5, as shown in Table 5, entire to try
It tests the stage, addition folic acid group feed intake is slightly higher, but generally each group feed intake is without significant difference (P>0.05), at feed intake
Between 21.4~22.8kg/d.After Cow-feeding RPF, have the tendency that increasing milk yield (P<0.05), time and the non-table of folic acid
Reveal notable interaction (P>0.05).The output of milk 7.9% can be increased when adding the rumen-protected folic acid of 0.2 gram/d, and from feeding
Start within 3rd week rumen-protected folic acid to start to show significantly to increase the effect (Fig. 3) of the output of milk.As seen from Table 2, RPF
To butter oil, lactose, total fat rate and its yield do not make significant difference (P>0.05).The addition group milk cow protein ratio and butterfat of RPF
Rate has the tendency that reduction, but the not notable (P of each group difference<0.05), and lactoprotein yield and fat yield are increased slightly, this may
Increase with milk yield causes related.
Influence of the 5 rumen-protected folic acid of table to feed intake, milk yield and milk ingredient
2, influence of the rumen-protected folic acid to plasma metabolism
Influence data of the rumen-protected folic acid to cow blood are shown in Table 6, as seen from Table 6, folic acid to triglycerides without
Remarkable effect (P>0.05).Feeding folic acid group cows blood plasma free fatty acid has the tendency that reduction, but the not notable (P of difference>
0.05).Compared with control group milk cow, the milk cow plasma glucose concentration for feeding folic acid is relatively high (P=0.12).Glucose can
For the synthesis and secretion of lactose, especially in the lactation starting stage.
Folic acid does not make significant difference (P to Plasma Urea nitrogen concentration>0.05).Compared with control group milk cow, Cow-feeding RPF
Afterwards, blood plasma beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) is horizontal relatively low, but the not notable (P of difference>0.05).On the whole, RPF has reduction blood plasma
The trend of glucose, free fatty, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, urea nitrogen concentration, on other plasma metabolites without influence.
Influence of the 6 rumen-protected folic acid of table to cow blood
Conclusion：Milk production of cow can be effectively improved by adding rumen-protected folic acid, and be improved lactoprotein and butter oil production
The trend of amount.And folic acid increases plasma glucose and reduces the trend of free fatty, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, urea nitrogen concentration.With
0.2 gram/day of rumen-protected folic acid of addition is advisable, and can increase the output of milk 7.9%.
The influence of 5 rumen-protected folic acid of embodiment and methionine to milk cow production performance
Health He Ersitan lactating cows 45 are chosen, it is basic by parity, the expected date of childbirth, weight, upper parity output of milk etc.
Consistent principle carries out random pair grouping, is divided into 3 groups, every group 15.
It is fed according to the existing feeding regime in cattle farm for examination cows, by fully mixed diet (TMR) mode feeding, basal diet
Composition and trophic level be shown in Table 4.
It is designed using single factor experiment, is divided into control group (C), rumen-protected 0.2 gram/(40% of folic acid (RPF) of addition
Content, 84.2% rumen bypass rate and 92.8% small intestine dissolution rate, obtain the folic acid for being equivalent to 0.06g/d)+10 grams of rumen bypass egg ammonia
Sour group (FM10 groups, rumen bypass methionine rumen bypass rate are 85%) and RPF+20 grams of rumen bypass methionine group of 0.2 gram/
(FM20).Rumen bypass additive first coordinates with fine fodder by a certain percentage, then is added on TMR daily rations and suitably stirred
It mixes.Totally 67 natural gift preliminary trial periods, were tried two stages of phase, wherein 7d pre-feeding periods with positive for experiment, tried the phase to be positive within 60 days.Milking point is early, in,
Evening three times, with automatic Pipeline mechanical milking.Milk cow fastens column raising, regular grooming ox body and the interior health of cleaning circle.Free water.
Measurement project and method are the same as embodiment 4.
As a result
1, the influence of rumen bypass methionine and folic acid to feed intake and production performance
The influence data of rumen-protected folic acid and methionine to feed intake, milk yield and milk ingredient are shown in Table 7, can by table 7
Know, entire experimental stage, addition folic acid group feed intake is slightly higher, but generally each group feed intake is without significant difference (P>
0.05), feed intake is between 21.4~22.8kg/d.After Cow-feeding RPF, have the tendency that increasing milk yield (P<0.05),
Time does not show notable interaction (P with folic acid>0.05).When the addition rumen-protected folic acid of 0.2 gram/d and 10 grams of rumen bypass eggs
When can increase the output of milk 11.5% when propylhomoserin, but further increase methionine to 20 grams, the output of milk does not improve, under having instead
The trend of drop, possible cause are function of the folic acid instead of some methionine, therefore cause methionine excessive, cause amino acid not
Balance.As seen from Table 2, RPF is to butter oil, lactose, and total fat rate and its yield do not make significant difference (P>0.05).The addition of RPF
Group milk cow protein ratio and butterfat percnetage have raised trend, but the not notable (P of each group difference<0.05), lactoprotein yield and breast
Fat yield is increased slightly, this may cause related with the increase of milk yield.
The influence of 7 rumen-protected folic acid of table and methionine to feed intake, milk yield and milk ingredient
2, the influence of rumen-protected folic acid and methionine to plasma metabolites
The influence data of rumen-protected folic acid and methionine to cow blood are shown in Table 8, and as seen from Table 8, folic acid is to sweet
Oily three esters are without remarkable effect (P>0.05).Feeding folic acid and methionine group cows blood plasma free fatty acid have the tendency that reduction, but
Not notable (the P of difference>0.05).Compared with control group milk cow, the milk of rumen-protected folic acid and 10 grams of rumen bypass methionines is fed
Ox plasma glucose concentration is relatively low, but difference is not notable (P=0.32).
Folic acid combines methionine added with the trend for reducing Plasma Urea nitrogen concentration.Compared with control group milk cow, milk cow is raised
After feeding folic acid and methionine, the not notable (P of each group blood plasma beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) difference>0.05), but when 20 grams of methionine of addition
When have the tendency that reduce BHBA.
The influence of 8 rumen-protected folic acid of table and methionine to cow blood
Milk production of cow can be effectively improved by adding rumen-protected folic acid, and be improved becoming for lactoprotein and butter oil yield
Gesture.It is best that 0.2 gram of rumen-protected folic acid with 10 grams of rumen bypass methionines shares effect.
Above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, not the present invention is made in any form
Limitation, on the premise of not exceeding the technical scheme recorded in the claims also other variations and modifications.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cattle feed containing rumen-protected folic acid, it is characterised in that：The formula of the feed by weight percentage
For：Silage corn 20.0%, sheep's hay 12.0%, corn 28.0%, dregs of beans 5.0%, cottonseed 3.0%, wheat bran 5.0%,
DDGS 6.0%, premix 0.5%, clover 15.0%, beet pulp 3.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5%, mountain flour 0.749%, food
Salt 0.7%, rumen-protected folic acid 0.001%, rumen bypass methionine 0.05%；
The rumen-protected folic acid is using folic acid as core material, and using palm oil as coating, folic acid accounts for coating tablet total weight
40%；The preparation method of rumen-protected folic acid is：Folic acid to the three-dimensional mixer for weighing formula ratio mixes 30 minutes, by leaf
Acid is placed in trough type mixing machine, and purified water is added by several times, stirs 15 minutes, is put into extrusion spheronization machine and pelletizes, and core material is made；
By fluidized bed drying, 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, drying time controlled at 50 minutes, obtained dry capsule-core；Coating：By above-mentioned drying
Core material is placed in dry spraying machine, is sprayed onto core material by 60% palm oil.
2. a kind of cattle feed containing rumen-protected folic acid, it is characterised in that：The formula of the feed by weight percentage
For：Silage corn 20.0%, sheep's hay 12.0%, corn 28.0%, dregs of beans 5.0%, cottonseed 3.0%, wheat bran 5.0%,
DDGS 6.0%, premix 0.5%, clover 15.0%, beet pulp 3.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5%, mountain flour 0.749%, food
Salt 0.7%, rumen-protected folic acid 0.001%, rumen bypass methionine 0.05%；
The rumen-protected folic acid is to use folic acid as core material, and using palm oil as coating, folic acid accounts for coating tablet total weight
45%；The preparation method of rumen-protected folic acid is：Folic acid to the three-dimensional mixer for weighing formula ratio mixes 30 minutes, by leaf
Acid is placed in trough type mixing machine, and purified water is added by several times, stirs 15 minutes, is put into extrusion spheronization machine and pelletizes, and core material is made；
By fluidized bed drying, 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, drying time controlled at 50 minutes, obtained dry capsule-core；Coating：By above-mentioned drying
Core material is placed in dry spraying machine, is sprayed onto core material by 55% palm oil.
3. a kind of cattle feed containing rumen-protected folic acid, it is characterised in that：The formula of the feed by weight percentage
For：Silage corn 20.0%, sheep's hay 12.0%, corn 28.0%, dregs of beans 5.0%, cottonseed 3.0%, wheat bran 5.0%,
DDGS 6.0%, premix 0.5%, clover 15.0%, beet pulp 3.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.5%, mountain flour 0.749%, food
Salt 0.7%, rumen-protected folic acid 0.001%, rumen bypass methionine 0.05%；
The rumen-protected folic acid is to use folic acid as core material, and using palm oil as coating, folic acid accounts for coating tablet total weight
35%；The preparation method of rumen-protected folic acid is：Folic acid to the three-dimensional mixer for weighing formula ratio mixes 30 minutes, by leaf
Acid is placed in trough type mixing machine, and purified water is added by several times, stirs 15 minutes, is put into extrusion spheronization machine and pelletizes, and core material is made；
By fluidized bed drying, 50 DEG C of inlet air temperature, drying time controlled at 50 minutes, obtained dry capsule-core；Coating：By above-mentioned drying
Core material is placed in dry spraying machine, is sprayed onto core material by 65% palm oil.
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| CN105941309B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2019-03-05 | 中国农业大学 | A method of improving Diseases of Cow immunity and the output of milk |
| CN106798094B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-12-12 | 刘春海 | A kind of preparation method of rumen-protected glucose |
| CN108576416A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-28 | 中国农业大学 | Application of the folic acid in improving dam lambing percentage |
| CN114468175A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-13 | 山东阜力康动物营养有限公司 | Laying hen vitamin premixed feed and preparation method thereof |
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