CN103734497B - A kind of feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress - Google Patents
A kind of feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress.S. cervisiae (Saccharomyces? cerevisiae, Sc) NAU ?ZH ?GY1 can preparation anti-cow heat stress feed addictive in application.The present invention goes out to be rich in glycerine by continuous feeding mode fermenting and producing under height oozes condition, yeast viable bacteria, and abundant amino acid, the feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of the microbial metabolic products such as vitamin, collaboratively can play glycerine and saccharomycetic double effects, the lactation amount of milk cow under heat stress condition can be significantly improved, 4% butterfat corrects milk production and butterfat percnetage, improve blood sugar concentration, reduce Ruzhong somatic number, the concentration of non-esterified fatty acid and urea nitrogen, for milk cow makeup energy, slow down the reduction of body weight, strengthen oxidation resistance, reduce HSP70mRNA level, effectively alleviate the heat stress of milk cow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress, belong to feed addictive application.
Technical background
The milk cow that China raises, to come from the holstein cow in Northern Europe, forms china holstein cows through acclimatization and long-term breeding.Holland has a moderate climate, and annual temperature is between 2 ~ 17 DEG C, and such weather makes holstein cow resist cold, but heat resistance is poor; Add holstein cow build comparatively large, the area of dissipation of per weight is little, and by hair and soma's good heat insulating, sweat gland function is undeveloped, and skin Evapotranspiration heat is few.In addition, cow feeding amount is large, and roughage, through lumen fermentation, produce a large amount of metabolic heats, and the output of milk is high, and metabolism is vigorous, adds heat radiation burden.Therefore china holstein cows is cold-resistant and heat labile animal.And China's most area, especially not only temperature is high summer the Yangtze river basin and areas to the south, and high humidity, and the duration is long, and heat stress very easily occurs milk cow, thus has had a strong impact on the performance of holstein cow highly yielding ability.
The best of milk cow environment temperature of giving milk is 5 ~ 25 DEG C, i.e. range of thermal neutrality.When temperature is higher than 26 DEG C, namely show heat stress.The milk cow perspire being in heat stress increases, and body temperature raises, and respiratory rate is accelerated, and internal metabolism slows down, and feed intake declines, and then causes lactation amount and milk-quality significantly to reduce.Heat stress makes body substance metabolic disorder, endocrine alteration, also significantly can reduce immunity and the reproductive performance of milk cow, cause great negative effect to milk cow.In addition, there are some researches show milk cow under heat stress condition because Energy intaking is not enough and maintain increase in demand, often can be in negative energy balance state.The milk cow that the output of milk is higher, the impact by heat stress will be larger.The hot weather in annual summer all can bring huge economic loss to milk cow production, and south China area is especially obvious.
External mainly by adjusting daily ration composition, seed selection heat resistant variety, environmental protect and managing prevention and control cow heat stress syndrome.But the control of environment and breed breeding need great number to drop into, require great effort consuming time; Use the milk cow forage of high trophism, high-quality to increase feeding cost, this is dairy cow farm at home, and particularly small-sized plant is difficult to reach.And heat stress fighting additive can directly add in animal feed and drinking-water, easy and simple to handle, remarkably productive, become present study hotspot both domestic and external.Heat stress fighting additive at present for milk cow production mainly comprises some chemical synthesis class materials such as yeast culture, Chroma-Pak, complex enzyme formulation, mineral matter buffering salt, beta carotene, Rumensin, fatty acid calcium, there is certain effect, but some chemicals especially Long-Time Service such as Rumensin can have side effects to milk cow, and easily remain, bring potential harm to human health.And yeast culture is the Tiny ecosystem goods containing saccharomycete, Extracellular metabolism and remaining medium thereof of saccharomycete formation after fully fermenting on specific culture medium, there is safe, pollution-free, noresidue, wide material sources, the feature such as with low cost, have a good application prospect in animal husbandry.
The glycerine applied in current aquaculture is mainly derived from byproduct or the commercial synthesis of biodiesel process, can introduce some harmful substances such as heavy metal or methyl alcohol in process, produces harmful effect or produce destructive stimulus to body to milk cow appetite.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the above-mentioned deficiency for prior art, a kind of feed addictive of anti heat stress for milk cow of simple, low-cost production is provided.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme:
Preserving number be CGMCCNo.4551 S. cervisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae, Sc) NAU ?ZH ?GY1 preparation anti-cow heat stress feed addictive in application.
A production method for the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress, comprising:
1) bacterial classification:
Preserving number is S. cervisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae, Sc) the NAU ?ZH ?GY1 of CGMCCNo.4551, for the Ministry of Agriculture allows the feed grade probio bacterial classification of use;
2) culture medium:
Slant activation culture medium (YPD): glucose 20g, yeast extract 10g, peptone 20g, agar 20g, water 1L, natural pH, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, for subsequent use;
Seed culture medium: 1.5% ~ 2.5% glucose, 0.5% ~ 1.5% yeast extract, 1.5% ~ 2.5% peptone, natural pH, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, for subsequent use;
Productive culture base: 25% ~ 35% glucose, 0.1% ~ 0.3% peptone, 0.2% ~ 0.4% urea, 0.5% ~ 1.5% Dried Corn Steep Liquor Powder, 3.5% ~ 4% sodium chloride, 0.03% ~ 0.07%MgSO
47H
2o, 0.005% ~ 0.015% calcium chloride, 0.03% ~ 0.07% thiamine (adding separately), all the other are water.
3) activation of bacterial classification and the acquisition of seed liquor:
The S. cervisiae being kept at 4 DEG C is inoculated on slant activation culture medium, in 20 ~ 30 DEG C of constant temperature culture 36 ~ 48h; After continuous passage activation like this 2 ~ 5 times, inoculate in seed culture medium, in 28 ~ 32 DEG C, 150r/min constant-temperature table cultivation 12 ~ 24h, obtain S. cervisiae seed liquor.
4) produce:
Being dissolved in the water by productive culture basigamy material except thiamine is added in stainless steel machinery stirred fermentor, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, be cooled to 28 ~ 32 DEG C, access the thiamine solution of filtration sterilization, then by 5 ~ 15%(v/v) inoculum concentration access S. cervisiae seed liquor, it is 28 ~ 32 DEG C in tank temperature, pH is constant 5.0 ~ 5.5, and rotating speed is 200 ~ 400r/min, and throughput is 0.5m
3/ h, tank pressure is the condition bottom fermentation of 0.02Mpa, and distinguish feed supplement once in fermentation 24 and 48h, ferment 72 ~ 96h altogether, obtains the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress.
Viable count containing S. cervisiae in the feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of above-mentioned acquisition reaches 10
9cFU/mL, glycerol content is 67 ~ 80g/L.
Beneficial effect:
Yeast culture can adjust Bacterial community, stimulates rumen microorganism growth, changes the ratio of volatile fatty acid in stomach and intestine, increase feed intake, improve efficiency of feed utilization and production performance etc.On the other hand, glycerine has been applied to perinatal period, earlier lactating period and the milk cow in lactation mid-term as a kind of energy supplement thing.Antenatal with add glycerine postpartum and can improve capacity usage ratio, improve milk cow energy balance, alleviate or prevent milk cow energetic supersession sick.Therefore, glycerine can energy shortage in cow heat stress relief.The present invention utilizes saccharomycete sugar can be converted into the principle of glycerine, culture medium and condition of culture are optimized, go out to be rich in glycerine by continuous feeding mode fermenting and producing under height oozes condition, yeast viable bacteria, and abundant amino acid, the fermented product of the microbial metabolic products such as vitamin, collaboratively can play glycerine and saccharomycetic double effects, the lactation amount of milk cow under heat stress condition can be significantly improved, 4% butterfat corrects milk production and butterfat percnetage, improve blood sugar concentration, reduce Ruzhong somatic number, the concentration of non-esterified fatty acid and urea nitrogen, for milk cow makeup energy, slow down the reduction of body weight, strengthen oxidation resistance to a certain extent, reduce heat shock protein A subunit mRNA level in-site, effectively alleviate the heat stress of milk cow.
The glycerine related in the present invention is by S. cervisiae, really achieves safe, pollution-free and with low cost; And eliminate the purification process of common glycerine.At present, report less about glycerine and Direct-Fed Microbials use in conjunction on the research of the impact of cow heat stress both at home and abroad, and the research to rich glycerol yeast bacterium fermented product cow heat stress relief, be at home and abroad not reported.
The present invention produces on the basis containing glycerol yeast culture method in publication 201110057770.6, fermentation medium is optimized, and by mode that continuous feeding ferments, the part material needed for glycerine of production equivalent is reduced, fermentation time reduces half, especially in product, glycerol concentration adds one times, the more important thing is that first passage animal experiment finds that rich glycerol yeast bacterium fermented product has the effect of remarkable cow heat stress relief.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1. duration of test Lactation of Dairy Cow amount is with THI variation diagram.C is control group, and Y is saccharomycete group, and G is glycerine group, and GY is the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress.
Fig. 2. rich glycerol yeast bacterium is on the impact of earlier lactating period milk cow PBLC heat shock protein A subunit mrna expression.C is control group, and Y is saccharomycete group, and G is glycerine group, and GY is the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress.Column diagram represents average ± standard error, indicates different lowercase alphabet and shows significant difference (P<0.05).
Fig. 3. duration of test cowshed mean temperature, humidity and humidity-temperature index (THI) variation diagram.
Fig. 4. the rectal temperature (A) of rich glycerol yeast bacterium on lactation milk cow in mid-term and the impact of respiratory rate (B).C is control group, and Y is saccharomycete group, and G is glycerine group, and GY is the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress.Column diagram represents average ± standard error, indicates different lowercase alphabet and shows significant difference (P<0.05).
Biomaterial preservation information
NAU ?ZH ?GY1, Classification And Nomenclature is Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in S accharomycescerevisiae, be preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, preservation address is: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, preservation date be 2011 ?1 ?13, deposit number is CGMCCNo.4551.
Specific embodiments
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Cattle farm, embodiment 1 Nanjing
1. the production of the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress
1) bacterial classification:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae, Sc) NAU ?ZH ?GY1, is provided by this laboratory, has been stored in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, culture presevation numbering CGMCCNo.4551.
2) culture medium:
Slant activation culture medium (YPD): glucose 20g, yeast extract 10g, peptone 20g, agar 20g, water 1L, natural pH, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, for subsequent use;
Seed culture medium: glucose 28g, yeast extract 14g, peptone 28g, water 1.4L, natural pH, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, for subsequent use;
Productive culture basigamy material: glucose 42kg, peptone 280g, urea 420g, Dried Corn Steep Liquor Powder 1.4kg, sodium chloride 5.6kg, MgSO
47H
2o70g, calcium chloride 14g, thiamine 70g(adds separately).
3) activation of bacterial classification and the acquisition of seed liquor:
By be kept at 4 DEG C S. cervisiae NAU ?ZH ?GY1(CGMCCNo.4551) be inoculated on slant activation culture medium, in 30 DEG C of constant temperature culture 36h; After continuous passage like this activates 4 times, inoculate in 1.4L seed culture medium, in 30 DEG C, 150r/min constant-temperature table cultivation 15h, obtain S. cervisiae primary seed liquid.
Prepared burden by seed culture medium glucose 280g, yeast extract 140g, peptone 280g puts into 30L stainless steel machinery stirred fermentor, 12.6L is dissolved to water, 115 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilization 15min, be cooled to 30 DEG C, then cultivate expanding in 1.4L primary seed liquid access tank, cultivation temperature: 30 DEG C; PH: constant 5.0; Rotating speed: 200r/min; Throughput: 0.5m
3/ h; Tank pressure: 0.02Mpa; Incubation time: 15h, obtains the secondary seed liquor of S. cervisiae.
4) ferment:
Above-mentioned productive culture basigamy material (except thiamine) is put into 300L stainless steel machinery stirred fermentor, be dissolved to 124.5L with water, 115 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilization 15min, are cooled to 30 DEG C, access the thiamine solution 1.5L of filtration sterilization, then access the secondary seed liquor of 14L S. cervisiae.Fermentation temperature: 30 DEG C; PH: constant 5.0; Rotating speed: 350r/min; Throughput: 0.5m
3/ h; Tank pressure: 0.02Mpa; Fermentation time: 72h.In fermentation 24 and each feed supplement of 48h once, add the sterilized productive culture based sols of 35L (containing 70L solute batching, but sodium chloride is still 35L amount and 1.4kg), fermentation ends, obtains the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress at every turn.
Continuously ferment 6 times by above-mentioned series methods, after each fermentation ends, all carry out packing, room temperature 20 DEG C preservation, for subsequent use.
In the feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of above-mentioned acquisition, contained S. cervisiae dry weight 15.8g/L(is containing viable count 2.42 × 10
9cFU/mL); Glycerol content is 76.6g/L.
2. the production of saccharomycete feed addictive
Saccharomycete feed addictive is produced according to the method for producing rich glycerol yeast bacterium feed addictive, with it unlike production saccharomycete additive time productive culture basigamy material used be (200L): glucose 10kg, yeast extract 500g, peptone 500g, urea 1kg, Dried Corn Steep Liquor Powder 1.5kg, rotating speed is 200r/min, and fermentation 24h terminates; Continuously ferment 3 times, room temperature 20 DEG C preservation, for subsequent use.In the saccharomycete feed addictive finally obtained, contained S. cervisiae dry weight 33.1g/L(is containing viable count 5.31 × 10
9cFU/mL, not containing glycerine).
3. the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is fed the lactating cow under hot environment
(1) animal and grouping is implemented
Test selection 40 health, 2 ~ 4 tires, body weight are the china holstein cows of 648 ± 57kg, earlier lactating period (60 ± 13 days), according to parity, lactation number of days with test first 10 days average lactation amounts, and consider milk cow position, milk cow is divided at random control group C and test group G, Y, GY tetra-processed group, often organize 5 repetitions, each repetition 2 oxen.Control group C feeds basal diet, test group G, Y and GY, add feed addictive 2L/ previous day (be equivalent to the glycerine 153.2g/ previous day, saccharomycete 31.6g/ the previous day) of anti-cow heat stress of the food grade glycerin 150g/ previous day (0.998g/g), saccharomycete additive 1L/ previous day (be equivalent to saccharomycete 33.1g/ the previous day) and embodiment 1 preparation on this basis respectively.Test period is ?August 8 on June 3rd, 2012, wherein raises phase 7d in advance, formal test phase 60d.
(2) daily ration composition and feeding and management
The cowshed of test raising dairy cattle under summer natural high-temperature environment, yard feeding pattern is that biserial is raised breechblock system formula, freely drinks water.Every day early, middle and late milk 3 times (7:30,14:30 and 21:00), duct type is adopted to milk.Test adopts TMR basal diet, and every cow head is determined location, hurdle and fed, and every day respectively feeds once after milking.According to the test body condition of milk cow and lactation amount, with reference to NRC(2001) dairy cow nutrition needs and prepares TMR basal diet (as table 1) in conjunction with production practices are unified.Each scale of feeding all ensures that milk cow has the residual of 5% feed intake, and during the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress food grade glycerin, saccharomycete additive and embodiment 1 prepared by required dosage respectively mixes and raise morning, throws something and feeds separately.
Milk cow radiating mode is that intermittent shower combines blowing.Every three days record cowshed temperature, humidity (7:00 ~ 21:00), calculate humidity-temperature index (THI) result all higher than 72(as Fig. 1), under illustrating that milk cow has been in heat stress condition, other management are undertaken by cattle farm daily management.
Table 1 tests basal diet formula and the trophic level of milk cow
Note: premix is 18.87% calcium monohydrogen phosphate, 17.64% calcium carbonate, 14.53% calcium bicarbonate, 5.30% sodium chloride, 28.56% vitamin and trace element, 9.43% magnesia, 1.89% complex enzyme and 3.78% mycotoxin absorbant.
(3) collection of sample and preparation
Measure total amount and residual quantity and the TMR feed recording every tested milk cow is fed every day; Collect a TMR Feed Sample weekly, be packaged in valve bag respectively, and protect and deposit in – 20 DEG C, after end to be tested, the feed of collection is put into 80 DEG C of baking ovens to constant weight, in order to the mensuration of dry matter intakes amount and composition.
Before formal test phase the 0th and 60d raised morning, measure the body weight of every cow head, and carry out Body Condition Score respectively to tested milk cow, marking mode adopts 5 points of systems, and 0.25 is divided into one-level, finally calculates changes of weight and the Body Condition Score change of milk cow before and after test.
During formal test, every day measures and records every for the early, middle and late lactation amount of examination milk cow, calculates total lactation amount and average daily lactation amount weekly every day.Within every two weeks, measure once all for trying the conventional ingredients in milk of ox, it is anticorrosion to have added potassium bichromate in the newborn 30mL(cream jug of mixing at every turn in early, middle and late three times of the every cow head of ratio collection of 4:3:3), 4 DEG C of Refrigerator stores are to be measured.
A blood sample is measured in the 0th, 15,30,45 and the 60d of formal test phase.Before feeding after being milked, randomly draw 5 cow heads from each group and carry out tail vein blood, EDTA anti-freezing, centrifugal separation plasma be stored in-20 DEG C for measure plasma glucose, urea nitrogen, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β ?the biochemical indicator such as hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease (AST) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the Antioxidant Indexes such as MDA (MDA) and TAC (T ?AOC).Get centrifugal after haemocyte 500 μ L in 2mL distilled water, make its haemolysis, centrifuging and taking supernatant is stored in-20 DEG C to measure the content of red blood cell glutathion inside (GSH); All the other haemocytes for separating of lymphocyte, to measure HSP70mRNA.
(4) testing index and method
1. the mensuration of TMR sample analysis and milk composition
TMR Feed Sample is delivered to the bright milk cow research institute in Shanghai and is carried out constituent analysis, mainly crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash content and some main ions.
With Denmark FOSS ?120 type dairy products infrared scanners measure the concentration of the lactoprotein in Ruzhongs, butterfat percnetage, lactose and non-fat solid content (SNF), detect Ruzhong somatic number (SCC) with flow cytometer Somacount500.
2. the mensuration of blood parameters
By the concentration of glucose, urea nitrogen, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and the glutamic-oxalacetic transaminease in the automatic clinical chemistry analyzer BS ?300 of Shenzhen Mai Rui biotech company and Biochemical Indexes kit measurement blood plasma.
The mensuration of non-esterified fatty acid adopts colorimetric method, and kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing.
β ?hydroxybutyric acid adopt ELISA measure, kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing.
3. the mensuration of oxidation resistance
SOD enzyme is lived in analyzing and is adopted xanthine oxidase, and kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing.SOD amount corresponding when reaching 50% with SOD inhibiting rate in every milliliter of reactant liquor is a SOD unit of activity (U).
MDA content analysis adopts TBA method, and kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing.When making the absorbance of reaction system often increase by 0.01 with every milliliter of blood plasma per minute when 37 DEG C, it is a TAC unit.
Plasma by colorimetic method T ?AOC ability, kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing.
GSH concentration in spectrophotometry red blood cell, kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing.
4. the separation of PBLC
The fresh anticoagulation gathered, centrifugal collecting precipitation, in cell precipitation, ELS lysate is added in the ratio of 1:6, blow and beat mixing gently, the centrifugal 8min of 1000r/min, centrifugally discard the red clear liquid in upper strata, collect white precipitate part, add 5 times of volumes D ?hank ' s liquid, the centrifugal 5min of 1500r/min, repeated washing twice.
5. HSP70mRNA horizontal analysis
According to Genebank login sequence in table, with PrimerPrimer5.0(PREMIERBiosoftInternational, USA) design primer, primer parameter sees the following form 2.Extraction employing TRIZOL kit (TaKaRa) of total serum IgE operates to specifications to be carried out, and detects the quality of the RNA extracted finally by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and protein nucleic acid analyzer.ReversetranscriptionPCR and Real ?timePCR reaction system and amplification condition respectively with reference to the PrimeScript of TaKaRa company
tMrTMasterMix (PerfectRealTime) and health are UltraSYBRMixture (WithROX) the kit description of century bio tech ltd.Real ?timePCR increases on the Real ?timePCRStepOnePlus that produces in Applied biosystems (ABI) and carries out.Result is with 2
-Δ Δ CTrepresent.
The primer of table 2 quantitative fluorescent PCR
(5) result of implementation
1. the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is on the impact of earlier lactating period milk cow dry matter intakes amount, body condition and milk performance
The measurement result of the average daily lactation amount of duration of test milk cow, milk composition, dry matter intakes amount, body weight and Body Condition Score is in table 3.As shown in Table 3, the average daily lactation amount of the feed addictive group of glycerine group, saccharomycete group and anti-cow heat stress improves 0.43kg, 0.88kg and 1.11kg than control group respectively, wherein the average daily lactation amount of glycerine group has the trend (P=0.10) of increase compared with control group, feed addictive group significant difference (P<0.05) compared with control group of saccharomycete group and anti-cow heat stress.Compared with control group, 4% butterfat of the feed addictive group of saccharomycete group and anti-cow heat stress corrects breast (FCM) output and improves 5.0% and 6.11% respectively, butterfat percnetage adds 2.84% and 3.47% respectively, all with control group significant difference (P<0.05); And the 4%FCM output of the feed addictive group of saccharomycete group and anti-cow heat stress and butterfat percnetage are apparently higher than glycerine group (P<0.05).The feed addictive group of food grade glycerin, saccharomycete and anti-cow heat stress all makes Ruzhong somatic number decrease, and reduces 4.95%, 6.82% and 10.87% respectively than control group, with control group difference remarkable (P>0.15); But other breasts conventional (lactoprotein, lactose and non-fat solid content), dry food ration and Body Condition Score change are had no significant effect.Compared to saccharomycete group and control group, the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress has the trend (P<0.15) reducing milk cow body weight fall, and food grade glycerin obviously can reduce the slippage (P<0.05) of milk cow body weight.Result shows: the feed addictive adding anti-cow heat stress in daily ration can significantly improve the lactation amount of earlier lactating period milk cow under heat stress condition, 4%FCM output and butterfat percnetage, reduces the decline of milk cow body weight.
The feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of table 3 is on the impact of earlier lactating period dairy cattle under hot environment
Note: 1) in table, data all adopt mean value ± standard error.
2) the different lowercase alphabet of data subscript of going together in table shows significant difference (P<0.05), does not mark and represents that group difference is not remarkable.
3)
14%FCM(kg/d)=0.4 × lactation amount (kg/d)+0.15 × butterfat percnetage (%) × lactation amount (kg/d).
The variation relation of Fig. 1 Lactation of Dairy Cow amount of visible experimental period and THI value, in figure, Lactation of Dairy Cow amount reduces along with the rising of THI value.In whole duration of test, the lactation amount of control group, glycerine group and saccharomycete group affects larger by THI value, respectively at 24.7 ~ 34.8kg/d, fluctuate between 25.1 ~ 34.4kg/d and 25.1 ~ 34.9kg/d, and the lactation amount of the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress affects less by THI value, fluctuate between 25.6 ~ 34.5kg/d.Result shows: the feed addictive adding anti-cow heat stress in daily ration can strengthen the tolerance of earlier lactating period milk cow to hot environment.
2. the feed addictive of anti heat stress for milk cow is on the impact of earlier lactating period cow blood biochemical indicator
The blood parameters measurement result of duration of test milk cow is in table 4.As shown in Table 4, compared with control group, the blood sugar concentration of the feed addictive group of glycerine group and anti-cow heat stress improves 5.39% and 4.31% respectively, and plasmal NE FA concentration reduces 12.14% and 8.68% respectively, with control group significant difference (P<0.05); And add saccharomycete additive to blood sugar and NEFA concentration all without impact (P>0.15).The blood sugar concentration of glycerine group is significantly higher than saccharomycete group (P<0.05), the blood sugar concentration of the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress has the trend (P=0.11) of rising relative to saccharomycete group, the plasmal NE FA concentration of two groups is all remarkable in saccharomycete group (P<0.05).The Plasma Urea nitrogen concentration of the feed addictive group of saccharomycete group and anti-cow heat stress have dropped 4.03%(P=0.14 than control group respectively) and 4.43%(P=0.09), glycerine group no significant difference compared with control group.And the feed addictive of food grade glycerin of feeding, saccharomycete and anti-cow heat stress on blood plasma BHBA, AST and ALT all without impact (P>0.15).Result shows: the feed addictive adding anti-cow heat stress in daily ration can significantly improve the blood sugar concentration of earlier lactating period milk cow under heat stress condition, reduces plasmal NE FA concentration, and Plasma Urea nitrogen concentration is declined.
The feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of table 4 is on the impact of earlier lactating period cow blood biochemical indicator under hot environment
Note: 1) in table, data all adopt mean value ± standard error.
2) the different lowercase alphabet of data subscript of going together in table shows significant difference (P<0.05), does not mark and represents that group difference is not remarkable.
3. the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is on the impact of earlier lactating period milk cow oxidation resistance
The Antioxidant Indexes measurement result of duration of test milk cow is in table 5.As shown in Table 5, compared with control group, the feed addictive of feeding yeast bacterium and anti-cow heat stress make blood plasma T ?AOC have certain rising, MDA content slightly reduces, but does not have difference (P>0.15) statistically.The equal no significant difference of superoxide dismutase activity (P>0.15) of each processed group.In the red blood cell of the feed addictive group of saccharomycete group and anti-cow heat stress, GSH concentration all has the trend of rising compared with control group, 15.48%(P=0.12 is improve respectively than control group) and 17.23%(P=0.07), and the feed addictive effect of anti-cow heat stress is better.Result shows: the feed addictive adding anti-cow heat stress in daily ration enhances the oxidation resistance of earlier lactating period milk cow under heat stress condition to a certain extent.
The feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of table 5 is on the impact of earlier lactating period milk cow oxidation resistance under hot environment
Note: 1) in table, data all adopt mean value ± standard error.
4. the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is on the impact of earlier lactating period milk cow heat shock protein A subunit mRNA level in-site
In duration of test milk cow PBLC, Fig. 2 is shown in the change of heat shock protein A subunit mRNA level in-site.After the feed addictive of feeding yeast bacterium and anti-cow heat stress, heat shock protein A subunit mRNA level in-site in milk cow PBLC is all made obviously to reduce, with control group significant difference (P<0.05); And the effect that the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress reduces heat shock protein A subunit mRNA level in-site is best, with glycerine group and saccharomycete group significant difference (P<0.05).Result shows, the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress significantly can reduce the heat shock protein A subunit mRNA level in-site under heat stress condition in earlier lactating period milk cow PBLC.
Pass through the present embodiment, the feed addictive of visible anti-cow heat stress had both acted on saccharomycetic effect--significantly improve the average daily lactation amount of milk cow under heat stress condition, 4%FCM output and butterfat percnetage, improve red blood cell GSH content, strengthen milk cow oxidation resistance to a certain extent, reduce Plasma Urea nitrogen concentration; Take into account again the effect of glycerine--improve blood sugar concentration, reduce plasmal NE FA concentration, slow down the decline of milk cow body weight, improve the energy state of milk cow; And the effect of the feed addictive reduction heat shock protein A subunit mRNA level in-site of anti-cow heat stress is all better than adding merely food grade glycerin or saccharomycete additive.Show that the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is the high-quality biology feed additive of cow heat stress relief.
Cattle farm, embodiment 2 Shanghai
1. the production of the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress
5) bacterial classification:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomycescerevisiae, Sc) NAU ?ZH ?GY1, is provided by this laboratory, has been stored in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, culture presevation numbering CGMCCNo.4551.
6) culture medium:
Slant activation culture medium (YPD): glucose 20g, yeast extract 10g, peptone 20g, agar 20g, water 1L, natural pH, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, for subsequent use;
Seed culture medium: glucose 75g, yeast extract 30g, peptone 60g, water 3L, natural pH, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, for subsequent use;
Productive culture basigamy material: glucose 49kg, peptone 420g, urea 560g, Dried Corn Steep Liquor Powder 1.7kg, sodium chloride 5.6kg, MgSO
47H
2o98g, calcium chloride 14g, thiamine 98g(adds separately).
7) activation of bacterial classification and the acquisition of seed liquor:
By be kept at 4 DEG C S. cervisiae NAU ?ZH ?GY1(CGMCCNo.4551) be inoculated on slant activation culture medium, in 28 DEG C of constant temperature culture 40h; After continuous passage like this activates 3 times, inoculate in 3L seed culture medium, in 28 DEG C, 150r/min constant-temperature table cultivation 12h, obtain S. cervisiae primary seed liquid.
Prepared burden by seed culture medium glucose 525g, yeast extract 210g, peptone 420g puts into 30L stainless steel machinery stirred fermentor, 18L is dissolved to water, 115 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilization 15min, be cooled to 28 DEG C, then cultivate expanding in 3L primary seed liquid access tank, cultivation temperature: 28 DEG C; PH: constant 5.0; Rotating speed: 200r/min; Throughput: 0.5m
3/ h; Tank pressure: 0.02Mpa; Incubation time: 18h, obtains the secondary seed liquor of S. cervisiae.
8) ferment:
Above-mentioned productive culture basigamy material (except thiamine) is put into 300L stainless steel machinery stirred fermentor, be dissolved to 117L with water, 115 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilization 15min, are cooled to 30 DEG C, access the thiamine solution 2L of filtration sterilization, then access the secondary seed liquor of 21L S. cervisiae.Fermentation temperature: 30 DEG C; PH: constant 5.5; Rotating speed: 400r/min; Throughput: 0.5m
3/ h; Tank pressure: 0.02Mpa; Fermentation time: 84h.In fermentation 24 and each feed supplement of 48h once, add the sterilized productive culture based sols of 35L (containing 70L solute batching, but sodium chloride is still 35L amount and 1.4kg), fermentation ends, obtains the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress at every turn.
Continuously ferment 4 times by above-mentioned series methods, after each fermentation ends, all carry out packing, room temperature 20 DEG C preservation, for subsequent use.
In the rich glycerol yeast bacterium feed addictive of above-mentioned acquisition, contained S. cervisiae dry weight 16.7g/L(is 2.73 × 10 containing viable count
9cFU/mL); Glycerol content is 78.7g/L.
2. the production of saccharomycete feed addictive
Saccharomycete feed addictive is produced according to the method for the feed addictive producing cow heat stress, with it unlike production saccharomycete additive time productive culture basigamy material used be (200L): glucose 8kg, yeast extract 400g, peptone 500g, urea 800g, Dried Corn Steep Liquor Powder 1.6kg, rotating speed is 200r/min, and fermentation 24h terminates; Continuously ferment 2 times, room temperature 20 DEG C preservation, for subsequent use.In the saccharomycete feed addictive finally obtained, contained S. cervisiae dry weight 30.5g/L(is containing viable count 4.89 × 10
9cFU/mL, after testing not containing glycerine).
3. the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is fed the lactating cow under hot environment
(1) animal and grouping is implemented
Test selection 32 health, 2 ~ 4 tires, body weight are the china holstein cows of 680 ± 52kg, lactation mid-term (100 ± 11 days), according to parity, lactation number of days with test first 10 days average lactation amounts, and consider milk cow position, milk cow is divided at random control group C and test group G, Y, GY tetra-processed group, often organize 4 repetitions, each repetition 2 oxen.Control group C feeds basal diet, test group G, Y and GY, add the feed addictive 2L/ previous day (be equivalent to the glycerine 157.4g/ previous day, saccharomycete 33.4g/ the previous day) of the food grade glycerin 150g/ previous day (0.998g/g), saccharomycete additive 1L/ previous day (be equivalent to saccharomycete 30.5g/ the previous day) and anti-cow heat stress on this basis respectively.Test period is ?August 20 on July 3rd, 2012, wherein raises phase 7d in advance, formal test phase 42d.
(2) daily ration composition and feeding and management
The cowshed of test raising dairy cattle under summer natural high-temperature environment, yard feeding pattern is that biserial is raised breechblock system formula, freely drinks water.Every day early, middle and late milk 3 times (7:00,14:00,21:00), duct type is adopted to milk.Test adopts TMR basal diet, and every cow head is determined location, hurdle and fed, and every day respectively feeds once after milking.According to the test body condition of milk cow and lactation amount, with reference to NRC(2001) dairy cow nutrition needs and prepares TMR basal diet (as table 6) in conjunction with production practices are unified.Each scale of feeding all ensures that milk cow has the residual of 5% feed intake, and in being mixed by the feed addictive of food grade glycerin, saccharomycete additive and anti-cow heat stress raise morning by required dosage respectively, throws something and feeds separately.
Milk cow radiating mode is that intermittent shower combines blowing.Every two days record cowshed temperature, humidity (7:00 ~ 21:00), calculate humidity-temperature index result and be all greater than 72(as Fig. 3), under illustrating that milk cow is in heat stress condition, other management are undertaken by cattle farm daily management.
Table 6 tests basal diet formula and the trophic level of milk cow
Note: premix is (every kilogram of content): 1250000IU vitamin A, 400000IU vitamin D, 7800IU vitamin E, 1500mg iron, 400mg copper, 2500mg manganese, 1600mg zinc, 35mg cobalt, 82mg iodine, 20mg selenium.
(3) collection of sample and preparation
Measure total amount and residual quantity and the TMR feed recording every tested milk cow is fed every day; Collect a TMR Feed Sample weekly, be packaged in valve bag respectively, and protect and deposit in – 20 DEG C, after end to be tested, the feed of collection is put into 80 DEG C of baking ovens to constant weight, in order to the mensuration of dry matter intakes amount and composition.
Before formal test phase the 0th and 42d raised morning, measure the body weight of every cow head, and carry out Body Condition Score respectively to tested milk cow, marking mode adopts 5 points of systems, and 0.25 is divided into one-level, finally calculates changes of weight and the Body Condition Score change of milk cow before and after test.
During formal test, every day measures and records every for the early, middle and late lactation amount of examination milk cow, calculates total lactation amount and average lactation amount weekly every day.Within every two weeks, measure once all for trying the conventional ingredients in milk of ox, it is anticorrosion to add potassium bichromate in the newborn 30mL(cream jug of mixing at every turn in early, middle and late three times of the every cow head of ratio collection of 4:3:3 in advance), 4 DEG C of Refrigerator stores are to be measured.
A blood sample is measured in the 0th, 14,28 and the 42d of formal test phase.Before feeding after being milked, randomly draw 4 cow heads from each group and carry out tail vein blood, EDTA anti-freezing, centrifugal separation plasma, be stored in-20 DEG C for measure plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β ?the blood biochemistry index such as hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and urea nitrogen.
(4) testing index and method
1. the mensuration of rectal temperature and respiratory rate
Survey weekly once for rectal temperature and the respiratory rate of examination milk cow, minute is same day 07:00,14:00,21:00.Rectum is inserted in veterinary clinical thermometer sensing part, takes out reading after 5min, survey and average for three times.Measuring the fluctuating number of times for trying milk cow thorax and belly per minute respectively with stopwatch sum counter simultaneously, as the Respiration Rate of milk cow, surveying and averaging for three times.
2. the mensuration of TMR sample analysis and milk composition
TMR Feed Sample is delivered to the bright milk cow research institute in Shanghai and is carried out constituent analysis, mainly crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash content and some main ions.
With Denmark FOSS ?120 type dairy products infrared scanners measure the concentration of the lactoprotein in Ruzhongs, butterfat percnetage, lactose and non-fat solid content (SNF), detect Ruzhong somatic number (SCC) with flow cytometer Somacount500.
3. the mensuration of blood parameters
By the concentration of the glucose in the automatic clinical chemistry analyzer BS ?300 of Shenzhen Mai Rui biotech company and Biochemical Indexes kit measurement blood plasma and urea nitrogen.
The mensuration of non-esterified fatty acid adopts colorimetric method, and kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing.
β ?hydroxybutyric acid mensuration adopt ELISA method, kit builds up Bioengineering Research Institute purchased from Nanjing.
(5) result of implementation
1. the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is on the impact of the gentle respiratory rate of lactation Contents in Cows in mid-term
The rectum mean temperature of duration of test milk cow different time points and the measurement result of average respiration are shown in Fig. 4.As shown in Figure 4 A, compared to other two minutes, each processed group milk cow rectal temperature when 14:00 is higher; Compared with control group, the feed addictive of feeding yeast bacterium and anti-cow heat stress all significantly can reduce the rectal temperature (P<0.05) of milk cow 14:00, but has no significant effect (P>0.15) the rectal temperature of other times point.Shown in Fig. 4 B, compared with two other minute, each processed group milk cow respiratory rate when 14:00 is larger; Respiratory rate equal no significant difference (P>0.15) compared with control group of each test group.Result shows: the feed addictive adding anti-cow heat stress in daily ration significantly can to reduce under heat stress condition lactation milk cow in mid-term in the rectal temperature of 14:00, but does not affect the rectal temperature of other minute points and the respiratory rate of each time point.
2. the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is on the impact of lactation milk cow in mid-term dry matter intakes amount, body condition and milk performance
The measurement result of the average daily lactation amount of duration of test milk cow, milk composition, dry matter intakes amount, body weight and Body Condition Score is in table 7.As shown in Table 7, compared with control group, the average daily lactation amount of the feed addictive group of glycerine group, saccharomycete group and anti-cow heat stress improves 0.9kg, 1.3kg and 2.2kg respectively, and 4% butterfat corrects breast (FCM) output and improves 3.61%, 6.23% and 9.84% respectively.Glycerine group and saccharomycete group on raising lactation amount with 4%FCM output compared with control group significant difference (P<0.05), difference is extremely significantly (P<0.01) compared with control group for the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress; And the average daily lactation amount of the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress compares the trend (P=0.06) that saccharomycete group has increase, significant difference (P<0.05) compared with glycerine group, 4%FCM output is apparently higher than glycerine group and saccharomycete group (P<0.05).The feed addictive group of feeding yeast bacterium and anti-cow heat stress can significantly improve the butterfat percnetage of milk cow, respectively than control group improve 4.84% and 5.48%(P<0.05), than glycerine group improve 3.83% and 4.47%(P<0.05).Compared with control group, the Ruzhong somatic number of the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress significantly reduces (P<0.05), and the Ruzhong somatic number of saccharomycete group has a declining tendency (P=0.12).Other breast routine (lactoprotein, lactose and non-fat solid content), dry food ration and Body Condition Score change no significant differences of each processed group, but the feed addictive of feed food grade glycerin and anti-cow heat stress significantly can reduce the amplitude of milk cow Body weight loss, with control group and saccharomycete group difference all remarkable (P<0.05).Result shows: the feed addictive adding anti-cow heat stress in daily ration can significantly improve the lactation amount of lactation milk cow in mid-term under heat stress condition, 4%FCM output and butterfat percnetage, reduces Ruzhong somatic number, reduces the decline of body weight.
The feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of table 7 is on the impact of lactation dairy cattle in mid-term under hot environment
Note: 1) in table, data all adopt mean value ± standard error.
2) the different capitalization of data subscript of going together in table represents that difference extremely significantly (P<0.01), and the different lowercase alphabet of colleague's data subscript shows significant difference (P<0.05), does not mark and represents that group difference is not remarkable.
3)
14%FCM(kg/d)=0.4 × lactation amount (kg/d)+0.15 × butterfat percnetage (%) × lactation amount (kg/d).
3. the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is on the impact of lactation cow blood in mid-term biochemical indicator
The blood parameters measurement result of duration of test milk cow is in table 8.As shown in Table 8, the blood sugar concentration of the feed addictive group of glycerine group and anti-cow heat stress improves 3.92% and 4.96% than control group respectively, all with control group and saccharomycete group significant difference (P<0.05); Plasmal NE FA and BHBA concentration reduce 10.62%, 12.21% and 18.37%, 16.33% than control group respectively, with control group significant difference (P<0.05), have the trend (P<0.15) of reduction compared with saccharomycete group; And add saccharomycete additive to blood sugar, plasmal NE FA and BHBA concentration all without impact (P>0.15).The feed addictive of feeding yeast bacterium and anti-cow heat stress makes Plasma Urea nitrogen concentration significantly reduce (P<0.05), wherein saccharomycete group have dropped 6.6% than control group, and the feed addictive group of anti-cow heat stress have dropped 6.1% than control group.Result shows: the feed addictive adding anti-cow heat stress in daily ration significantly can raise the blood sugar concentration of lactation milk cow in mid-term under heat stress condition, reduces plasmal NE FA, BHBA and urea nitrogen concentration, significantly improves the energy state of milk cow.
The feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of table 8 is in high temperature environments on the impact of lactation cow blood in mid-term biochemical indicator
Note: 1) in table, data all adopt mean value ± standard error.
2) the different lowercase alphabet of data subscript of going together in table shows significant difference (P<0.05), does not mark and represents that group difference is not remarkable.
Pass through the present embodiment, visible in the effect of cow heat stress relief, the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress had both played saccharomycetic function--significantly reduce the rectal temperature of heat stress milk cow at 14:00, improve the average daily lactation amount of milk cow under heat stress condition, 4%FCM output and butterfat percnetage, reduce Ruzhong somatic number, improve dairy food quality, reduce Plasma Urea nitrogen concentration; And played the effect of glycerine--improve blood sugar concentration, reduce plasmal NE FA and BHBA concentration, effectively slow down the decline of milk cow body weight, improve the energy state of milk cow; In addition, the effect that the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress improves average daily lactation amount, 4%FCM output and butterfat percnetage is better than saccharomycete.These all show that the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress is the high-quality biology feed additive of cow heat stress relief.
Claims (2)
1. a production method for the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress, is characterized in that comprising:
1) bacterial classification:
Preserving number be CGMCCNo.4551 S. cervisiae (
saccharomycescerevisiae, Sc) NAU-ZH-GY1, for the Ministry of Agriculture allows the feed grade probio bacterial classification of use;
2) culture medium:
Slant activation culture medium (
yPD): glucose 20g, yeast extract 10g, peptone 20g, agar 20g, water 1L, natural pH, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, for subsequent use;
Seed culture medium: 1.5% ~ 2.5% glucose, 0.5% ~ 1.5% yeast extract, 1.5% ~ 2.5% peptone, natural pH, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, for subsequent use;
Productive culture base: 25% ~ 35% glucose, 0.1% ~ 0.3% peptone, 0.2% ~ 0.4% urea, 0.5% ~ 1.5% Dried Corn Steep Liquor Powder, 3.5% ~ 4% sodium chloride, 0.03% ~ 0.07%MgSO
47H
2o, 0.005% ~ 0.015% calcium chloride, 0.03% ~ 0.07% thiamine, all the other are water, and wherein thiamine is added separately;
3) activation of bacterial classification and the acquisition of seed liquor:
The S. cervisiae being kept at 4 DEG C is inoculated on slant activation culture medium, in 20 ~ 30 DEG C of constant temperature culture 36 ~ 48h; After continuous passage activation like this 2 ~ 5 times, inoculate in seed culture medium, in 28 ~ 32 DEG C, 150r/min constant-temperature table cultivation 12 ~ 24h, obtain S. cervisiae seed liquor;
4) produce:
Being dissolved in the water by all productive culture basigamy material except thiamine is added in stainless steel machinery stirred fermentor, 115 DEG C, high pressure steam sterilization 15min, be cooled to 28 ~ 32 DEG C, access the thiamine solution of filtration sterilization, then by 5 ~ 15%(v/v) inoculum concentration access S. cervisiae seed liquor, it is 28 ~ 32 DEG C in tank temperature, pH is constant 5.0 ~ 5.5, and rotating speed is 200 ~ 400r/min, and throughput is 0.5m
3/ h, tank pressure is the condition bottom fermentation of 0.02Mpa, and distinguish feed supplement once in fermentation 24 and 48h, ferment 72 ~ 96h altogether, obtains the feed addictive of anti-cow heat stress;
Viable count containing S. cervisiae in the feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress of above-mentioned acquisition reaches 10
9cFU/mL, glycerol content is 67 ~ 80g/L.
2. the feed addictive of the anti-cow heat stress obtained by production method according to claim 1.
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| 回用酵母发酵生产甘油;李亚东等;《湖北大学学报(自然科学版)》;19980628(第02期);摘要、第1.1-1.3、2.2小节 * |
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