Based on multi-level racks electric automobile wireless power guide rail commutation control circuit and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless power technology, specifically, is a kind of based on multi-level racks electric automobile wireless power guide rail commutation control circuit and method.
Background technology
In recent years, in order to solve, electric automobile course continuation mileage is short and on-vehicle battery group heavy and high in cost of production problem.There has been proposed the dynamic inductive power supply technology of electric automobile based on non-contact type electric energy transmission principle, it can provide online power supply or charge function for the electric automobile in driving process, thus reduce the weight of on-vehicle battery group, reduce the holistic cost of electric automobile simultaneously, extend the course continuation mileage of electric automobile.
And based in the electric automobile dynamic radio electric power system of electromagnetic induction principle, shoe generally reaches several kilometers or dozens of kilometres, and electric current is wherein generally the high-frequency ac of kilohertz, tens of even hundreds of amperes.In order to reduce the loss on guide rail, usually multistage subsection Guide Rail Design can be adopted.
As shown in Figure 1, adopt segmentation cascade guide rail form as energy transmitter structure, each guide rail obtains energy by simple electrical energy changer from electrical network, when running car is above a certain section of guide rail, corresponding that section of guide rail energising work, by guide rail subsection setup, what reduce single hop guide rail uses line amount, the energy transmission efficiency of effective raising system.
But its Problems existing is:
Problem 1: the trigger mechanism of existing segmentation cascade guide rail form, its single hop guide rail is set to rectangular configuration usually, along with the movement of vehicle, guide rail area can be divided into and not access region, access region and normal power supply region, when mechanism for picking enters access region, the guide rail energising work of its correspondence, and other guide rails are in holding state.Thus, if enter access region completely for co-ordinate zero point with mechanism for picking, along with the increase of mechanism for picking displacement, the mutual inductance value change of electromagnetic coupling mechanisms as shown in Figure 2.
As seen in Figure 2, in access region, the mutual inductance value amplitude of variation of electromagnetic coupling mechanisms is comparatively large, and pick-up voltage and mutual inductance value are proportional relation, so larger in the amplitude of variation of access region pick-up voltage.The moment of the change of current is abscissa when being 0, and pick-up voltage value is very little, and this makes to provide enough large driving power for electric automobile at access region energy shoe, thus causes change of current decompression problem.
Problem 2: owing to adopting the trigger mechanism of segmentation cascade guide rail form, every section of guide rail is independently-powered, when electric automobile sails into another section of guide rail process from one section of guide rail, need to carry out change of current control to guide rail, power in advance, can energy be wasted, delayed power supply, also can cause change of current decompression, how ensure the accurate control that the change of current of segmentation cascade guide rail switches, be also one of subject matter of dynamic radio electric power system research.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, first the present invention proposes a kind of based on multi-level racks electric automobile wireless power guide rail commutation control circuit, solves change of current decompression problem by setting up magnetic test coil at the two ends of coil guide rail.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of based on multi-level racks electric automobile wireless power guide rail commutation control circuit, comprise guide rail coil and magnetic core, described magnetic core is uniformly distributed into two rows along rail length direction, described guide rail coil is along the segmentation coiling of rail length direction and fit with described magnetic core, its key is: the head and the tail two ends of each section of guide rail coil are provided with changeover portion, the changeover portion of adjacent two sections of guide rail coils overlaps mutually, the changeover portion at each section of guide rail coil two ends is also respectively arranged with the first magnetic test coil and the second magnetic test coil, described first magnetic test coil is connected with microcontroller respectively through a road AD sample circuit with the second magnetic test coil, the signal output part of this microcontroller is also connected with master controller, according to the inductive voltage value of described first magnetic test coil and described second magnetic test coil, described microcontroller has judged whether that electric automobile sails into, and output a control signal to master controller, by the current switching of described main controller controls this section of guide rail coil.
The present invention is by setting up magnetic test coil at guide rail coil two ends, as segmentation tandem type electrical supply rail, when one section of guide rail is in power supply state, certain induced voltage is all had on its adjacent two sections of guide rails and on adjacent magnetic test coil, when electric automobile sails other direction into from a direction, along with electric automobile accesses the close of distance, pick-up winding on electric automobile and also existing inductively between adjacent magnetic test coil, range difference is there is between the magnetic test coil at same guide rail coil two ends and pick-up winding, the inductively voltage leaning on is closely large, the inductively voltage leaning on is far little, by detecting the voltage of two ends magnetic test coil, what can judge electric automobile sails direction into, the distance of electric automobile can well be fed back by the magnitude of voltage on magnetic test coil simultaneously, thus accomplish that the good change of current controls, the basis that conserve energy dissipates ensure that the smooth transition of pick-up voltage, the stability of raising system and reliability.
Further, described AD sample circuit is formed by connecting by rectification circuit, filter circuit, bleeder circuit and AD sampling A/D chip successively.
In order to improve the coupling effect of coil guide rail self, in the lap-joint of adjacent two sections of guide rail coils, wherein the changeover portion of one section of guide rail coil is positioned on the changeover portion of another section of guide rail coil in the rare part that is projected in guide rail width direction, also be wound with power back-off coil at the changeover portion place at every section of guide rail coil two ends, and described power back-off coil and described guide rail coil are formed by same excitation wire continuous coiling.
By by two sections of adjacent guide rail Cross slot interference, increase power back-off coil simultaneously, make the electromagnetic inductance of electric automobile dynamic radio electrical supply rail on changeover portion to accomplish smooth transition, ensure that the stable of pickup end pick-up voltage.
Further, described guide rail coil is planar coil, and the changeover portion of this guide rail coil one end is set to bulge-structure, and the changeover portion of the other end is set to the sunk structure matched with described bulge-structure, and adjacent two sections of guide rail coils are overlapped by male-female engagement.
Further, the bulge-structure on described guide rail coil changeover portion is positioned at side or the centre of coil end face.
As other execution mode, described guide rail coil is planar coil, and the changeover portion at these guide rail coil two ends is set to triangle or trapezoidal, and adjacent two sections of guide rail coils coordinate overlap joint by hypotenuse on changeover portion or trapezoidal hypotenuse.
Further, described power back-off coil is planar coil, this power back-off coil winding is above or below the changeover portion of described guide rail coil two ends, described first magnetic test coil and the second magnetic test coil are also planar coil and lay respectively at above or below the power back-off coil at two ends, and the shape of the shape of described first magnetic test coil, the second magnetic test coil and power back-off coil and described guide rail coil two ends changeover portion adapts.
As preferably, the number of turn of described power back-off coil is more than or equal to the number of turn of described guide rail coil.
Based on said system, the present invention also provides a kind of control method based on multi-level racks electric automobile wireless power guide rail commutation control circuit, mainly carries out according to following steps:
Step 1: the corresponding first magnetic test coil magnitude of voltage at section coil guide rail two ends of described microcontroller Real-time Collection and the magnitude of voltage of the second magnetic test coil, be designated as V respectively
1and V
2;
Step 2: microcontroller judges whether to meet
or
wherein K is default threshold value and K ≠ 1; If meet, then enter step 3, otherwise return step 1 circulation carry out;
Step 3: microcontroller exports change of current control signal to master controller, by main controller controls this section of coil guide rail energising work.
Except above-mentioned control method, the present invention also proposes another kind of control method, mainly carries out according to following steps:
Step 1: the corresponding first magnetic test coil magnitude of voltage at section coil guide rail two ends of described microcontroller Real-time Collection and the magnitude of voltage of the second magnetic test coil, be designated as V respectively
1and V
2;
Step 2: microcontroller judges whether to meet | V
1-V
2| > M, wherein M is default threshold value and M > 0; If meet, then enter step 3, otherwise return step 1 circulation carry out;
Step 3: microcontroller exports change of current control signal to master controller, by main controller controls this section of coil guide rail energising work.
The main distinction of above-mentioned two kinds of methods is how to utilize the magnitude of voltage of the first magnetic test coil and the second magnetic test coil to judge the commutation time of coil guide rail, first method is determined by the ratio of the two, second method is determined by the difference of the two, different control modes selects different threshold values, here threshold value needs according to concrete application scenarios, as the situations such as the length of coil guide rail, the number of turn and thickness are determined.
Remarkable result of the present invention is: although adopt multi-level racks segmented dynamic radio to power, but by setting up magnetic test coil at the two ends of coil guide rail, that can well detect electric automobile sails situation into, thus realize accurately controlling this section of coil guide rail change of current, in addition, guide rail structure is by changeover portion Cross slot interference, adding power bucking coil simultaneously, make coefficient of mutual inductance on changeover portion can smooth transition, ensure that the reliable injection of electrical supply rail energy, maintain the stable of pick-up voltage, the reliability and stability of system are higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of the electric automobile dynamic radio electric power system based on multi-level racks pattern;
Fig. 2 is that existing dynamic radio electric power system coefficient of mutual inductance is with the change curve moving horizontally distance;
Fig. 3 is schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the guide rail structure schematic diagram of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is two sections of guide rail infiltration graphs of a relation of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the coefficient of mutual inductance change curve of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the guide rail structure schematic diagram of second embodiment of the invention, and wherein Fig. 7 (a) is two sections of guide rail infiltration graphs of a relation, the partial schematic diagram that Fig. 7 (b) is changeover portion;
Fig. 8 is the coefficient of mutual inductance change curve of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the guide rail structure schematic diagram of third embodiment of the invention, and wherein Fig. 9 (a) is two sections of guide rail infiltration graphs of a relation, the partial schematic diagram that Fig. 9 (b) is changeover portion;
Figure 10 is the coefficient of mutual inductance change curve of third embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of based on multi-level racks electric automobile wireless power guide rail commutation control circuit, comprise guide rail coil and magnetic core, described magnetic core is uniformly distributed into two rows along rail length direction, described guide rail coil is along the segmentation coiling of rail length direction and fit with described magnetic core, the head and the tail two ends of each section of guide rail coil are provided with changeover portion, the changeover portion of adjacent two sections of guide rail coils overlaps mutually, the changeover portion at each section of guide rail coil two ends is also respectively arranged with the first magnetic test coil and the second magnetic test coil, described first magnetic test coil is connected with microcontroller respectively through a road AD sample circuit with the second magnetic test coil, the signal output part of this microcontroller is also connected with master controller, according to the inductive voltage value of described first magnetic test coil and described second magnetic test coil, described microcontroller has judged whether that electric automobile sails into, and output a control signal to master controller, by the current switching of described main controller controls this section of guide rail coil.
As seen in Figure 3, described AD sample circuit is formed by connecting by rectification circuit, filter circuit, bleeder circuit and AD sampling A/D chip successively.
Based on said system, in order to improve the coupling performance of guide rail structure further, as the first execution mode, as Figure 4-Figure 6, marking 1 in figure is guide rail coil, mark 2 is magnetic core, mark 3 is power back-off coil, can be found out by Fig. 4-Fig. 5, in the lap-joint of adjacent two sections of guide rail coils 1, wherein the changeover portion of one section of guide rail coil 1 is positioned on the changeover portion of another section of guide rail coil 1 in the rare part that is projected in guide rail width direction, power back-off coil 3 is also wound with at the changeover portion place at every section of guide rail coil 1 two ends, and described power back-off coil 3 is formed by same excitation wire continuous coiling with described guide rail coil 1.
Can find out in this example, described guide rail coil 1 is planar coil, the changeover portion of this guide rail coil 1 one end is set to bulge-structure, the changeover portion of the other end is set to the sunk structure matched with described bulge-structure, adjacent two sections of guide rail coils are overlapped by male-female engagement, and the bulge-structure on described guide rail coil 1 changeover portion is positioned at the side of coil end face.
The number of turn of power back-off coil 3 and the number of turn ratio of guide rail coil 1 is made to be ζ.To access the critical point in region and normal power supply region for coordinate 0 point, and pick-up winding is in directly over power back-off coil 3, and when pick-up winding moves horizontally, under different ζ, the coefficient of mutual inductance change curve of this electromagnetic coupling mechanisms as shown in Figure 6.
Also can there is certain perturbation in the coefficient of mutual inductance that the guide rail structure constructed by the present embodiment provides in access region, but compared with the ordinary rectangular guide rail shown in Fig. 2, perturbation range is comparatively stable.In addition by regulating the value of ζ, the value of access region coefficient of mutual inductance can be adjusted, in above several ζ value, ζ=1.5,1.75 time, the perturbation range of coefficient of mutual inductance is less, and the perturbation of its pick-up voltage is less, controls to there will not be decompression phenomenon under prerequisite accurately in the change of current.
As the second embodiment, as shown in Figure 7, the difference of this embodiment and the first embodiment is, bulge-structure on described guide rail coil 1 changeover portion is positioned at the centre of coil end face, and be also wound with the power back-off coil that shape adapts, as seen in Figure 8, in this example, head and the tail realize interpenetrating between two sections of guide rails by " concavo-convex " structure, along with pick-up winding moves horizontally distance change, " recessed " type structure of this electromagnetic coupling mechanisms can provide more stable mutual inductance value, especially when ζ=1.25, its mutual inductance value is the most stable relatively.
As the 3rd embodiment, as shown in Figure 9, the difference of the present embodiment and other embodiment is, described guide rail coil 1 is planar coil, the changeover portion at these guide rail coil 1 two ends is set to triangle or trapezoidal, and adjacent two sections of guide rail coils 1 coordinate overlap joint by hypotenuse on changeover portion or trapezoidal hypotenuse.
Adopt the guide rail structure designed by the present embodiment, its electromagnetic coupling mechanisms mutual inductance value moves horizontally the curve of distance change as shown in Figure 10 with pick-up winding, as ζ > 1, in access region, the electromagnetic coupling mechanisms mutual inductance value in most of region will be greater than the mutual inductance value of normal operation region, if the voltage regulation way of pickup end is boosting, then this structure is not suitable for, if the voltage stabilizing of pickup end is step-down, then this structure more easily meets system requirements.
In above-mentioned various execution mode, described power back-off coil is planar coil, this power back-off coil winding is above or below the changeover portion of described guide rail coil two ends, described first magnetic test coil and the second magnetic test coil are also planar coil and lay respectively at above or below the power back-off coil at two ends, and described first magnetic test coil, the shape of the second magnetic test coil and power back-off coil and the shape of described guide rail coil two ends changeover portion adapt, in order to meet the stable of pick-up voltage, can be found out by the change curve of coefficient of mutual inductance, when implementing, the number of turn of described power back-off coil is more than or equal to the number of turn of described guide rail coil.
Above-mentioned various embodiment is only improvement to coil guide rail structure and change, no matter adopt what structure, following methods all can be adopted to control, be specially:
Based on a control method for multi-level racks electric automobile wireless power guide rail commutation control circuit, carry out according to following steps:
Step 1: the corresponding first magnetic test coil magnitude of voltage at section coil guide rail two ends of described microcontroller Real-time Collection and the magnitude of voltage of the second magnetic test coil, be designated as V respectively
1and V
2;
Step 2: microcontroller judges whether to meet
or
wherein K is default threshold value and K ≠ 1; If meet, then enter step 3, otherwise return step 1 circulation carry out;
Step 3: microcontroller exports change of current control signal to master controller, by main controller controls this section of coil guide rail energising work.
In implementation process, the Rule of judgment in step 2 also can do following adjustment, is specially: microcontroller judges whether to meet | V
1-V
2| > M, wherein M is default threshold value and M > 0; If meet, then enter step 3, otherwise return step 1 circulation carry out.
Due to different power supply states, the transmit power level of coil is different, independent employing magnetic test coil is difficult to choose its decision threshold, this method is by being that coil guide rail two ends arrange magnetic test coil simultaneously, certain voltage difference is caused because two distances between magnetic test coil and pick-up winding are different, can be controlled by Selection radio value parameter or difference parameter, even if the electric current on adjacent windings guide rail or pick-up winding is in different brackets, its judgment threshold all can be easy to obtain, stable system performance, it is convenient to implement.