CN104790912A - Automatic chemical adding device for oil wellhead and chemical adding method - Google Patents
Automatic chemical adding device for oil wellhead and chemical adding method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104790912A CN104790912A CN201510171067.6A CN201510171067A CN104790912A CN 104790912 A CN104790912 A CN 104790912A CN 201510171067 A CN201510171067 A CN 201510171067A CN 104790912 A CN104790912 A CN 104790912A
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- Prior art keywords
- well
- oil well
- water tank
- chest
- medicine
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title abstract 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
- E21B37/06—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells using chemical means for preventing or limiting, e.g. eliminating, the deposition of paraffins or like substances
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an automatic chemical adding device for an oil wellhead and a chemical adding method. The automatic chemical adding device for the oil wellhead comprises a control panel, a programmable controller connected with the control panel, a chemical box, a water tank, a liquid injection pipeline, a chemical outlet magnetic valve and a water outlet magnetic valve; an liquid outlet pipe of the chemical box and a liquid outlet pipe of the water tank are converged together to the inlet of the liquid injection pipeline, and the outlet of the liquid injection pipeline is connected to the oil wellhead; the chemical outlet magnetic valve is arranged on the liquid outlet pipe of the chemical box; the water outlet magnetic valve is arranged on the liquid outlet pipe of the water tank; the programmable controller is connected with the chemical outlet magnetic valve and the water outlet magnetic valve. The chemical adding method comprises the steps of adding 30-70 liters of water stored in the water tank to an oil well sleeve ; adding 5-10 liters of chemical liquid into the oil well sleeve through the chemical box, and then adding 30-70 liters of water into the sleeve through the water tank. According to the device and the method, the manual chemical adding mode is transferred into automatic chemical adding mode, and manpower is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to well head paraffin removal from oil well work, be specifically related to a kind of well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus and adding method thereof.
Background technology
Well head ubiquity position, domestic gas field is remote, have inconvenient traffic, and the increase of scale of building is produced in gas field, and gas field well number gets more and more, so the problem such as on-the-spot well head paraffin removal from oil well workload is larger, artificial wax removal can not adapt to this situation.
In sum, in prior art, there is following problem: the artificial wax removal inefficiency of well head oil well, dosing effect is bad.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus and adding method thereof, to solve the artificial wax removal inefficiency of well head oil well, the problem that dosing effect is bad.
For this reason, the present invention proposes a kind of well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus and adding method thereof, and for well mouth of oil well dosing, described well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus comprises:
Control panel;
The programmable logic controller be connected with described control panel;
Medicine-chest, described medicine-chest is connected with medicine-chest feed tube and medicine-chest drain pipe;
Water tank, described water tank is connected with water tank feed tube and water tank drain pipe;
Fluid injection pipeline, described medicine-chest drain pipe and water tank drain pipe are pooled to the entrance of described fluid injection pipeline jointly, and the outlet of described fluid injection pipeline is connected to well mouth of oil well;
Drug electromagnetic valve, is arranged on described medicine-chest drain pipe;
Go out water solenoid valve, be arranged on described water tank drain pipe;
Described programmable logic controller connects described drug electromagnetic valve respectively and goes out water solenoid valve.
Further, described fluid injection pipeline is also provided with hydraulic pump.
Further, the number of described well mouth of oil well is multiple, and the outlet of described fluid injection pipeline connects each described well mouth of oil well respectively by well head electromagnetic valve, and described programmable logic controller connects each described well head electromagnetic valve respectively.
Further, described well mouth of oil well is also provided with the one way valve preventing liquid from backflowing.
Further, described fluid injection pipeline is provided with electric-heating belt, and described programmable logic controller connects described electric-heating belt.
Further, described hydraulic pump is diaphragm pump or measuring pump, and described programmable logic controller connects described diaphragm pump or measuring pump.
Further, described medicine-chest is also connected with medicine-chest blowoff valve.
Further, described water tank is also connected with water tank blowoff valve.
Further, described well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus comprises: the bypass water injecting pipeline between the outlet being connected to described water tank drain pipe and described fluid injection pipeline.
Further, described well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus comprises: replenishing line, and described replenishing line connects medicine-chest feed tube and water tank feed tube.
The present invention also provides a kind of well mouth of oil well Automatic Dosing method, adopts foregoing well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus, and described well mouth of oil well Automatic Dosing method comprises: following steps:
Steps A: the water filling 30-70 litre stored by water tank is in oil well casing;
Step B: then, the liquid of 5-10 litre of being annotated in oil well casing by medicine-chest;
Step C: then, then to be annotated in sleeve pipe 30-70 liters of water by water tank;
Wherein, enter in described oil well casing from medicine-chest liquid out with from water tank water out respectively by same fluid injection pipeline.
The present invention, by adopting programmable logic controller (PLC) with drug electromagnetic valve, going out water solenoid valve and be connected, controls in the process of well mouth of oil well dosing, the time added of the adding of liquid, water, can complete the work to well mouth of oil well dosing in time.This process can be completed automatically by operation control panel, achieves the automatic control of dosing process, transfers artificial dosing work to Automatic Dosing, save human and material resources, can realize full-automatic unmanned on duty, real-time monitoring can be realized to whole system, operated from a distance.
And then, the invention enables design software and station control software protocol compatibility; In control design case, adopt a key operation, prevent from seeing well personnel maloperation.Effectively can reduce labour intensity and the health hazard of operator, realize the requirement automatically adjusting instillation fluence, achieve well site Long-distance Control, realize well site digital management.
And then the present invention does not need artificial to water, medicine-feeding on equipment, solve winter due to non-serviceable problem of freezing, greatly reduce length of pipeline, reduce the error injecting liquid.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is operating principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Drawing reference numeral illustrates:
1 medicine-chest 11 medicine-chest feed tube 12 medicine-chest drain pipe 13 drug electromagnetic valve 15 medicine-chest blowoff valve 3 water tank 31 water tank feed tube 32 water tank drain pipe 33 goes out well head 910 well head electromagnetic valve 920 well head electromagnetic valve 930 well head electromagnetic valve 100 rack section of well head 93 No. three wells of well head 92 No. two wells of outlet 55 hydraulic pump 7 replenishing line 71 make-up valve 8 bypass water injecting pipeline No. 91 wells of the entrance 52 fluid injection pipeline of water solenoid valve 35 water tank blowoff valve 5 fluid injection pipeline 51 fluid injection pipeline
Detailed description of the invention
In order to there be understanding clearly to technical characteristic of the present invention, object and effect, now contrast accompanying drawing and the present invention is described.
Well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus of the present invention, for well mouth of oil well dosing, described well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus comprises: rack section (cabinet), control section, medicine-chest part, tank parts, line segments.Medicine-chest part, tank parts are provided with relevant control valve, and control section controls the flowing of the liquid in medicine-chest part, tank parts, and line segments is connected between control section, medicine-chest part, tank parts and each well head.As shown in Figure 1; medicine-chest part and tank parts are such as arranged in rack section 100; by rack section containment vessel, medicine-chest part and tank parts are closed to protect; control section can be arranged on rack section; also can be arranged on outside rack section; be such as the form of switch board, arrange with rack section split.Rack section is such as skid structure, and it is convenient to install, convenient disassembly.
Specifically, well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus of the present invention such as comprises:
Control panel (not shown), is provided with operation push-button and display screen above;
The programmable logic controller be connected with described control panel (also claims PLC, not shown), inside be provided with control to every mouthful of well fluid injection dynamic/integrated flow, the software of administration timing of drug/function such as the frequency and liquid level warning, prevents from seeing well personnel maloperation;
Hold and store the medicine-chest 1 of liquid, described medicine-chest is connected with medicine-chest feed tube 11 and medicine-chest drain pipe 12;
The water tank 3 of water storage, described water tank 3 is connected with water tank feed tube 31 and water tank drain pipe 33;
Fluid injection pipeline 5, described medicine-chest drain pipe 12 and water tank drain pipe 32 are pooled to the entrance 51 of described fluid injection pipeline jointly, and the outlet 52 of described fluid injection pipeline is connected to well mouth of oil well;
Drug electromagnetic valve 13, is arranged on described medicine-chest drain pipe 12;
Go out water solenoid valve 33, be arranged on described water tank drain pipe 32;
Described programmable logic controller connects described drug electromagnetic valve 13 respectively and goes out water solenoid valve 33.
In the present invention, water, liquid pipeline merge, and decrease the length of pipeline of half; Reduce the error injecting liquid.By programmable logic controller (PLC) and drug electromagnetic valve, go out water solenoid valve and be connected, control in the process of well mouth of oil well dosing, the time added of the adding of liquid, water, the work to well mouth of oil well dosing can be completed in time.This process can be completed automatically by operation control panel, achieves the automatic control of dosing process, transfers artificial dosing work to Automatic Dosing, saves human and material resources, can realize full-automatic unmanned on duty.
In addition, traditional injecting medical liquid technique that adds directly injects in oil well casing by booster pump by liquid, because oil well depth is all 1500 to 2000 meters dark (oil well casing length is identical with well depth), and the amount of liquid medicine of annotating is very little at every turn, large about 5-10 litre, so liquid is all bonded at drier oil well casing inwall, shaft bottom cannot be fallen into by sleeve pipe, on the contrary corrosion be caused to sleeve pipe.
For this situation, of the present inventionly add injecting medical liquid technique: water filling 30-70 (such as 50) litre that water tank 3 is stored by pump by the first step is in oil well casing, the main purpose of this step is with the moistening oil well casing inwall of water, hangs over drier internal surface of sleeve pipe to prevent liquid.
Second step is annotated in sleeve pipe by medicine-chest 1 liquid of 5-10 litre again, for the artificial wax removal of well mouth of oil well, because internal surface of sleeve pipe is more moistening, liquid is easy to just to fall into shaft bottom by oil well casing, 3rd step: after the artificial wax removal of well mouth of oil well terminates, to be annotated in sleeve pipe 30-70 (such as 50) liters of water by water tank 3 again, the main purpose of this step is irrigating cannula inwall, the liquid being bonded at internal surface of sleeve pipe is on a small quantity poured shaft bottom, not only increase the utilization rate of liquid like this, and protect sleeve pipe, liquid is prevented to be bonded at internal surface of sleeve pipe for a long time, corrosion is caused to sleeve pipe.
And then in order to realize the conversion between repeatedly adding water repeatedly, dosing, the present invention utilizes same pipeline to complete the dosing that adds water, and water, liquid pipeline merge, and decrease the length of pipeline of half; Reduce and inject the error of liquid, also accelerate add water, conversion rhythm between dosing.
And then, by RTU (remote radio communication), realize communicating of each well head in whole oil field and control panel and programmable logic controller, thus, real-time monitoring can be realized to each well head of whole oil field system on a switch board or control panel, operated from a distance, adds control range, improves response speed.
Further, as Fig. 1, described fluid injection pipeline 5 is also provided with hydraulic pump 55, to carry out supercharging.
Further, the number of described well mouth of oil well is multiple, such as, be respectively the well head 93 of well head 92, No. three wells of well head 91, No. two wells of a well, the outlet 52 of described fluid injection pipeline is respectively by the well head electromagnetic valve 930 of well head electromagnetic valve 920, No. three wells of well head electromagnetic valve 910, No. two wells of a well, connect each described well mouth of oil well, described programmable logic controller connects each described well head electromagnetic valve respectively, can realize the difference dosing to each well mouth of oil well.In addition, can also realize the synchronous of each well mouth of oil well or dosing simultaneously, the present invention can realize the dosing simultaneously of 6 mouthfuls of wells.Like this, the inaccessiable function of artificial dosing can be reached.
Further, each well mouth of oil well is also provided with the one way valve preventing liquid from backflowing, prevents medicine-chest from polluting and pouring in down a chimney.
Further, described fluid injection pipeline 5 is provided with electric-heating belt and temperature pick up, prevention frozen block in winter, described programmable logic controller connects described electric-heating belt and temperature pick up, controls heating-up temperature, the heat time, after fluid injection pipeline 5 reaches design temperature, the information that programmable logic controller sends according to temperature pick up, can stop heating, ensures that fluid injection pipeline can not superheated.In addition, medicine-chest 1 or water tank 3 are storage pot type, can add heater and attemperator again, are convenient to carry out heating and being incubated, prevent ice up in winter.
Further, described hydraulic pump 55 is diaphragm pump or measuring pump, and described programmable logic controller connects described diaphragm pump or measuring pump, can control every mouthful of well dynamic/integrated flow, realize quantitative dosing.Various electromagnetic valves in the present invention are such as electromagnetic flow control valve, can realize flow-control.
Further, described medicine-chest 1 is also connected with medicine-chest blowoff valve 15, with timely blowdown.
Further, described water tank 3 is also connected with water tank blowoff valve 35, with timely blowdown.
Further, described well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus comprises: the bypass water injecting pipeline 8 between the outlet 52 being connected to described water tank drain pipe 32 and described fluid injection pipeline, with when not needing to carry out mixing or converging with liquid, injects water separately to well head.
Further, the present invention is also provided with replenishing line 7, replenishing line 7 connects medicine-chest feed tube 11 and water tank feed tube 31, or replenishing line 7 is in parallel with medicine-chest feed tube 11 and water tank feed tube 31, replenishing line 7 is provided with make-up valve 71 and centrifugal pump, to be realized the fluid infusion to medicine-chest, water tank by replenishing line 7.
The course of work of the present invention can be such as: open control panel or switch board switch, elect control mode as automatic/hand, well head is elected as single port/all, at this moment hydraulic pump brings into operation, and first injects water, and water under high pressure is through electromagnetic flow control valve (electromagnetic valve), enter fluid injection pipeline, flow into well mouth of oil well sleeve pipe, then carry out injection, highly pressurised liquid is through electromagnetic flow control valve, enter pipeline, flow into well mouth of oil well sleeve pipe, finally carrying out a water filling, dosing process completes.Meanwhile, we, by RTU (remote radio communication), send instruction to console computer (PLC), at this moment, computer by software design patterns in advance and compute mode, can control every mouthful of well dynamic/integrated flow, administration timing of drug/frequency and liquid level warning.
The present invention transfers artificial dosing work to Automatic Dosing, save manpower, beneficial effect mainly contains: a, realize full-automatic unmanned on duty; B, saving human and material resources cost; C, real-time monitoring can be realized to whole system, operated from a distance.
The foregoing is only the schematic detailed description of the invention of the present invention, and be not used to limit scope of the present invention.For each ingredient of the present invention can mutually combine under the condition of not conflicting, any those skilled in the art, equivalent variations done under the prerequisite not departing from design of the present invention and principle and amendment, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus, for well mouth of oil well dosing, is characterized in that, described well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus comprises:
Control panel;
The programmable logic controller be connected with described control panel;
Medicine-chest, described medicine-chest is connected with medicine-chest feed tube and medicine-chest drain pipe;
Water tank, described water tank is connected with water tank feed tube and water tank drain pipe;
Fluid injection pipeline, described medicine-chest drain pipe and water tank drain pipe are pooled to the entrance of described fluid injection pipeline jointly, and the outlet of described fluid injection pipeline is connected to well mouth of oil well;
Drug electromagnetic valve, is arranged on described medicine-chest drain pipe;
Go out water solenoid valve, be arranged on described water tank drain pipe;
Described programmable logic controller connects described drug electromagnetic valve respectively and goes out water solenoid valve.
2. well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described fluid injection pipeline is also provided with hydraulic pump.
3. well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the number of described well mouth of oil well is multiple, and the outlet of described fluid injection pipeline connects each described well mouth of oil well respectively by well head electromagnetic valve, and described programmable logic controller connects each described well head electromagnetic valve respectively.
4. well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described well mouth of oil well is also provided with the one way valve preventing liquid from backflowing.
5. well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fluid injection pipeline is provided with electric-heating belt, and described programmable logic controller connects described electric-heating belt.
6. well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described hydraulic pump is diaphragm pump or measuring pump, and described programmable logic controller connects described diaphragm pump or measuring pump.
7. well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described medicine-chest is also connected with medicine-chest blowoff valve.
8. well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus comprises: the bypass water injecting pipeline between the outlet being connected to described water tank drain pipe and described fluid injection pipeline.
9. well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus comprises: replenishing line, and described replenishing line connects described medicine-chest feed tube and water tank feed tube.
10. a well mouth of oil well Automatic Dosing method, is characterized in that, adopts well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus as claimed in claim 1, and described well mouth of oil well Automatic Dosing method comprises: following steps:
Steps A: the water filling 30-70 litre stored by water tank is in oil well casing;
Step B: then, the liquid of 5-10 litre of being annotated in oil well casing by medicine-chest;
Step C: then, then to be annotated in sleeve pipe 30-70 liters of water by water tank;
Wherein, enter in described oil well casing from medicine-chest liquid out with from water tank water out respectively by same fluid injection pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510171067.6A CN104790912A (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Automatic chemical adding device for oil wellhead and chemical adding method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510171067.6A CN104790912A (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Automatic chemical adding device for oil wellhead and chemical adding method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104790912A true CN104790912A (en) | 2015-07-22 |
Family
ID=53556048
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510171067.6A Pending CN104790912A (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2015-04-10 | Automatic chemical adding device for oil wellhead and chemical adding method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104790912A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110485967A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of defroster of double medicament well mouth of oil well dosing pipelines and antifreeze method |
| CN112627775A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Cluster oil well multi-wellhead wheel-patrol drip-type injection system and method |
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| GB2252797B (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1994-11-23 | Elf Aquitaine | Process for controlling the production flow rate of an oil well |
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| CN104179475A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-12-03 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Multi-well wellhead dosing device with backflow self-protection multi-path electromagnetic valve island |
| CN104265240A (en) * | 2014-07-26 | 2015-01-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Electric wellhead dosing process for diluting by using water |
| CN204571938U (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-08-19 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Well mouth of oil well automatic medicine adding apparatus |
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2015
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2535974A1 (en) * | 1975-08-07 | 1977-02-24 | Bioengineering Research | Automatic medicament metering dispenser - for injections perfusions, etc. with automatic compensation for changes in liquid properties |
| GB2252797B (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1994-11-23 | Elf Aquitaine | Process for controlling the production flow rate of an oil well |
| EP1170057A2 (en) * | 2000-06-26 | 2002-01-09 | Berger Instruments, Inc. | Apparatus and method for preparative supercritical fluid chromatography |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110485967A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of defroster of double medicament well mouth of oil well dosing pipelines and antifreeze method |
| CN112627775A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Cluster oil well multi-wellhead wheel-patrol drip-type injection system and method |
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Application publication date: 20150722 |