CN104770097A - Original soil improvement and afforestation method for coastal heavy saline soil based on material mixing - Google Patents
Original soil improvement and afforestation method for coastal heavy saline soil based on material mixing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an original soil improvement and afforestation method for coastal heavy saline soil based on material mixing. The method comprises the steps of flattening the coastal heavy saline soil, laying coarse sand, gypsum and stalks, and using a machine to deeply turn the soil for 2-3 times to mix materials into soil at depth of 0-60cm, wherein the particle size of the coarse sand is 3.1-3.7mm and the mixing amount is 50m<3>/mu; the effective component of the gypsum is CaSO42H2O and the mixing amount is 2t/mu; the stalks are cut corn stalks with length of 2-4cm and the mixing amount is 30m<3>/mu; after three months after the materials are mixed with the soil, applying nitrogen according to 180-220kg/hm<2> and phosphorus according to 120-160kg/hm<2> to increase available nutrients of the soil, ridging and planting afforestation plants, covering the ground surface with stalks according to 20m<3>/mu, leaching salt by taking drip irrigation measures and performing normal drip irrigation management. The original soil improvement and afforestation method for coastal heavy saline soil based on material mixing has the advantages that the applicable area is wide and the popularization and application prospect is wide.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to strand severe saline soil utilization and beautify construction technique field with ecological afforestation, relate to a kind of strand severe saline soil original soil quick improvement greening method mixed based on material.
Background technology
Domestic and international in salinization of soil Study of Prevention Technology at present, mainly concentrate on the aspects such as engineering measure Prevention Technique, physical measure Prevention Technique, biological control measure Prevention Technique and chemical measure Study of Prevention Technology.Wherein, engineering prevention and control mainly contains drainage salt engineering, draws big vast warping works, levels land, Rational Irrigation, the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, rationally the building of closed drainage salt discharge engineering, state's application closed drainage engineering large area transformation salinity ground such as Dutch, Pakistani, all achieves certain effect in the transformation of seashore beach, shelterbelt construction etc.Physical control measure mainly comprises physics blending soil remediation technology, earth's surface physics covering etc.Bio-control method effectively can increase the soil organic matter, promote edaphon Growth and reproduction, improve soil nutrient status and chemical property, increase soil fertility, mainly contain salt tolerant and inhale salt plant and seeds planting technology, enrich green manure, fertilizer, microorganism fertilizer etc. and to improve the soil technology, straw-returning and biological cover technique etc.Chemical control methods is mainly the Developing Application of saline and alkaline transformation agent, comprises and uses solubility calcium salt, acids and become acids chemical substance etc.The optimization Integrated predict model of various Prevention Technique is then the focus of salinization of soil study on prevention both at home and abroad at present.Tejada etc. (2006) carry out monitoring analysis to the salt-affected soil that application of the organic substances such as cotton stem compost and poultry dung, point out that organic substance process effectively can improve the activity of various enzyme in the soil table coverage rate of spontaneous vegetation, the stability of soil structure, the content of water soluble carbohydrates and soil, reduce soil conductivity and exchangeability Na
+content.Clark etc. (2007) report the impact of the gas chromatography confrontation salt-affected soil character such as bean dregs, canola residue, poultry dung and sawdust, think the applying of above-mentioned organic substance, effectively can affect the indexs such as soil mineral nitrogen content, pH value, electrical conductivity, exchangeable cation content, dissolved organic carbon content and soil respiration, and all be conducive to the transformation of salt-affected soil character.The engineering measures such as Zhang Yuzhen etc. (2009) report biological control measure, ooze pipe salt discharge, soil moved in improve the original raises ground, large cave soil removal and replacement are to the effect of the coastal salt affected soil transformation in Hebei province, found that: large cave soil moved in improve the original, bottom is established separation layer and is oozed pipe salt discharge, instant effect, the soil moved in improve the original duration is long, afforests and beautifies effective.To wait (2009) research quietly to show, Thiobacillus thioxidans and thiobacillus thioparus significantly can reduce soil pH value.Pang to shine into etc. (2009) and thinks, after using microbial bacterial agent, in salt affected soil, B. mucilaginocus and Bacillus subtilis number, soil organic matter content and available N, P, K content status are all apparently higher than without adding microbial inoculum control treatment, and soil pH value and salt content all have and decline in various degree.Wei Feng nests etc. (2008) are in conjunction with Coastal Saline Soil in Shanghai reform conceiving, think that transformation saline soil should be suited measures to local conditions, comprehensive reformation, biogenic reworking is the optimal path that science is improved the soil, and afforestation is the highest form of biogenic reworking, should advocate energetically and plant trees in Coastal beach Saline Soil Area.
In entirety, recent domestic mainly concentrates on beach saline land soil moved in improve the original afforestation technology pattern and original soil afforestation technology model study two broad aspect about beach saline land salinization of soil control and the progress of improvement greening technique.Wherein, beach saline land soil moved in improve the original afforestation technology mode is mainly coupled and uses artificial soil removal and replacement, lay the engineering such as separation layer and underground webmaster keeps away salt measure, selects the single technologies such as salt tolerant nursery stock kind, as Tianjin research applies the beach saline land soil moved in improve the original afforestation technology mode such as " gravel separation layer+soil moved in improve the original ", " salty+fresh water pressure alkali+soil moved in improve the original of hidden pipe row ", " raised fields pouring alkali ".Beach saline land soil moved in improve the original afforestation technology mode has the effective advantage of instant effect, Afforestation Landscape, current master is suitable for the afforestation application of the key areas such as square, urban road and garden, but often quantities is large, cost is high, in the greening cost in heavy salinized area up to 250-300 unit/m
2, the highlyest even reach 500 yuan/m
2.The states such as Israel start drip irrigation technique to be used for saline land from the seventies in last century and irrigate, China started to apply under-film drip irrigation control arid and salination problem in arid areas such as Xinjiang from the end of the nineties in last century, the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed the technology modes such as " drip irrigation+ridge culture+overlay film ", " drip irrigation+high ridge+overlay film ", " salt water drip irrigation+high ridge+overlay film " of the effectively heavy salinized soil of transformation in recent years, and achieves good effect in the salt tolerant application of jujube tree, matrimony vine.
In recent years, along with scientific development and industrial progress, Coastal beach Soils In The Region improvement and greening technique mostly be multiple physics, chemistry, biology techniques integrated, as the independent intellectual property right " marine solonchak is rapidly and efficiently improved and vegetation construction technique " that Tianjin Hailin Gardening Environmental Protection Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. and Beijing Forestry University research and develop jointly, main points: 1. improve original soil, do not change planting soil; 2. be cut the underground drainage desalting systems such as stone, french drain, pouring layer; 3. experimental field surrounding takes measures for seepage cutoff; 4. the penetrating system of dust devil hole group is laid from ground to drenching layer; 5. topsoil mixes organic fertilizer, stalk etc.The enforcement of the water-saving salt-alkali shoaly land physics-chemistry in Tianjin-ecology synthesis improvement and vegetation construction technique, by water conservancy and farmland construction, reduction and eliminating soil salt, introduce salt-tolerant plant and improve the integrated system engineering of river construction that its salt resistance ability combines, agricultural measures and biotechnology, wherein adopt organic manure and the peat composed of rotten mosses to join and execute ferrous sulfate, improve soil fertility, add granular structure, have adjusted soil pH, the soil property of Tianjin Binhai saline-alkali soil and vegetation growth state are improved at short notice.Zhao Mingyan has summed up " subtract and steam decorporation ", " the anti-steaming of the collection attached salt of rain " saline-alkali soil forestation reclamation pattern in area, Harbor, Tianjin through exploratory experiment for many years and observational study, water-permeable pipe net laying establishes drainage system (pipe diameter 200mm spacing 6m, buried depth 1m), cover layer, suitable choice of tree species are established in the rear plant pit surface of afforestation, maintenance etc. of reasonably planting in order to utilize " to subtract and steam decorporation " pattern technology main points; " collection rain resistance salt anti-steaming " pattern technology main points are that trench digging is built the back of the body, arranged collection rain bed and collection rain face, arrange bottom plant pit and arrange covering, the choice of tree species be suitable for every salt deposit surface, reasonably to plant and field management etc.Two kinds of patterns all can effectively slow down gathering of salinity, reduce the content of salinity, and improve salt rejection rate, nutrient content is necessarily improved, and plant percent improves.
Due to coastal tidal area there is shortage of fresh water, the feature such as the repeatability of salinization of soil, soil nutrient wane, Soil Desalting difficulty, trees are almost difficult to growth, there is the problems such as the long-lasting difference of saline and alkaline control, greening be difficult.
Summary of the invention
the technical problem solved:the present invention is directed to a series of realistic problems such as current strand severe Amelioration of saline soil difficulty, landscape engineering cost are high, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil of soil, soil fertility condition difference, a kind of original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material is provided.
technical scheme:the original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material, leveled land by strand severe saline soil, paving executes rough sand, gypsum and stalk, adopts mechanically to plough deeply the soil mixed by material into the 0-60cm degree of depth for 2-3 time; Described coarse sand particles size 3.1 ~ 3.7mm, the amount of mixing is 50m
3/ mu; Described gypsum effective ingredient is CaSO
42H
2o, the amount of mixing is 2t/ mu; Described stalk is the maize straw of length 2 ~ 4cm after pulverizing, and the amount of mixing is 30m
3/ mu; Material mixed soil after 3 months, applied 180 ~ 220 kg/hm
2n element and 120 ~ 160 kg/hm
2p element increases soil available nutrient, and ridging is planted green plants, uses 20m after planting
3the stalk of/mu carries out ground mulching, carries out pouring salt with drip irrigation measure, carries out normal drip irrigation irrigation management.
The plant specific requirement of green plants of described ridging is: row spacing 2m, and face, ridge is smooth, and the 20cm that ditches between ridge is wide, and 20cm is dark; Described pouring salt drip irrigation is carried out immediately after green plants is planted and Soil Straw covers, and point 2 day time completes, every day drip irrigation water yield 25m
3/ mu; Described normal drip irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content situation, when 0-30cm soil moisture content lower than field capacity 50% time start drip irrigation, make soil moisture content reach 80% field capacity after drip irrigation.
Described strand severe salt-affected soil refers to soil salt content >=15g/kg in the 1m soil body, and saturated hydraulic conductivity is 0.
The sowing amount of described increase soil available nutrient is N element 200 kg/hm
2, P element is 150 kg/hm
2.
The 0-20 cm topsoil soils unit weight of described strand severe salt-affected soil is 1.65 g/cm
3, soil salt content is 30 ~ 40g/kg; PH is 8.75.
beneficial effect:by rough sand, gypsum, the mixing of stalk, reduce the bulk density of soil, improvement soil porosity situation, improves non capillary pores ratio, improves soil permeability rate.Soil quick desalination can not only be made by intermittent drip irrigation, and can keep soil long-time in the not accumulation of salt in the surface soil, be conducive to maintenance table soil " desalination layer ", ensure greening seedling survival rate.Increase soil available nitrogen by the input of nitrogenous fertilizer, promote the growth of green plants, supplement by the input of diammonium hydrogen phosphate the situation that soil seriously lacks phosphorus.By the input of gypsum, the pH value suppressing soil to cause in desalination processes rises.Suitable application region of the present invention is wide, popularizing application prospect is wide.China coastline reaches 4000 kilometers, and beach salty soil resource is extremely abundant.The strand severe saline soil original soil quick improvement technical system mixed based on material has that engineering measure is simple, material is easy to get, low cost, the feature such as easy and simple to handle, be the important channel of China's strand severe salt marsh regional soil improvement, be also the important step of coastal region ecological construction simultaneously.This technical system is not only applicable to severe salt marsh region, strand, is applicable to other cement severe saline soil regions, inland simultaneously yet.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the quick original soil improvement greening method schematic flow sheet of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material;
Fig. 2 is that material mixes the front and back 0-20cm soil layer bulk density of soil;
Fig. 3 is that material mixes front and back 0-20cm soil layer maximum water holding capacity;
Fig. 4 is that material mixes front and back 0-20cm soil layer soil porosity;
Fig. 5 is that material mixes front and back 0-20cm soil layer saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil;
Fig. 6 is that material mixes different times soil salt in the 0-60cm soil body of front and back;
Fig. 7 is that material mixes different times soil pH in the 0-60cm soil body of front and back;
Fig. 8 is that material mixes different soil soil organic matter content in the 0-60cm soil body of front and back.
Embodiment
Test plot is positioned at Cao Feidian new district, Tangshan, Hebei Province, and this district is located in Circum-Bohai Sea economy-zone.The former shrimp pond, fish pond mostly being mud beach and mud backfill, study area, earth's surface major part is seawater covering, belong to coastal tidal landforms, after sea reclamation, shallow groundwater salt water, depth to water is shallow, and soil decapacitation grows the extremely strong halophytes (as alkali is fluffy) of salt resistance outward, and the green plants such as conventional crop and lawn, flowers, shrub, arbor all can not grow.
embodiment 1:
Cao Feidian strand, Tangshan, Hebei Province severe saline soil, 0-20 cm topsoil soils unit weight is 1.65 g/cm
3soil salt content is 30 ~ 40g/kg; PH is 8.75; If 3 repetitions, each repetition 100 m
2(experimental plot specification 10 m × 10 m).The green plants of planting is shrubby flase indigo.Contrast is not for carry out the original soil mixing process.Place: Cao Fei pasture, Tangshan, Hebei Province ecological city; Geographical position, experimental plot is east longitude 118 ° 30 ', north latitude 39 ° 10 ', apart from 7.2 kilometers, coastline.
Based on the original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil that material mixes, the constructional aspect that its core is to utilize rough sand, stalk directly to improve the soil texture glues partially, increase soil porosity, especially noncapillary poropsity situation, increase saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil, can soil organic matter content be increased after Straw decomposing simultaneously; Utilize the Ca in gypsum
2+na in displacement soil
+, improvement alkalization of soils situation; By the improvement of soil physics structure, be conducive to drip irrigation washed out soil salinity, reducing salinity in the soil body can within the normal growth salinity scope of bearing to general salt-tolerant plant.Concrete link is as follows:
(1) saline soil is leveled land, mix material
Strand severe saline soil is leveled land, spreads a certain amount of rough sand, gypsum, stalk, adopt and mechanically plough deeply the soil mixed by material into the 0-60cm degree of depth for 2-3 time.Described coarse sand particles size 3.1 ~ 3.7mm, the amount of mixing is 50m
3/ mu, described gypsum effective ingredient is CaSO
42H
2o, the amount of mixing is 2t/ mu; Described stalk is the maize straw of length 2 ~ 4cm after pulverizing, and the amount of mixing is 30m
3/ mu.
(2) ridging is planted green plants
Apply 200 kg/hm
2n element and 150 kg/hm
2p element increases soil available nutrient; Play row spacing 2m, face, ridge is smooth, and the 20cm that ditches between ridge is wide, and 20cm is dark; Plant after green plants and use 20m
3the maize straw of/mu carries out ground mulching.
(3) drip irrigation carries out pouring salt and normal irrigation
Complete green plants plant and Soil Straw cover after, namely carry out pourings salt with drip irrigation measure, divide 2 day time complete, every day drip irrigation water yield 25m
3/ mu; Then carry out normal drip irrigation irrigation according to soil moisture content situation, when 0-30cm soil moisture content lower than field capacity 50% time start drip irrigation, make soil moisture content reach 80% field capacity after drip irrigation.
(3) result and evaluation
As can be seen from embodiment, after material mixes, in the 0-60 cm soil body, soil salt significantly declines, and drops to 3 ~ 4 g/kg(Fig. 6 by 15 g/kg), desalting effect is obvious, and soil pH slightly raises.Simultaneously soil physicochemical property be improved significantly, topsoil soils unit weight drops to 1.2 ~ 1.4 g/cm being comparatively suitable for plant growth after material mixes
3, topsoil soils total porosity significantly increases, and water-holding capacity enlarges markedly, and the ventilating permeable of soil strengthens, and is conducive to the drip washing of salinity and can better adsorbs maintenance soil nutrient; Soil organic matter content significantly increases (Fig. 8), and be conducive to the activity increasing edaphon and soil animal, soil tilth strengthens.
Compared with single gypsum improvement saline soil, the use quick improvement of the rough sand bulk density of soil, increases non-capillary pores quantity within a short period of time, but the rapid drip washing of salinity; Stalk be suitable for the content adding the soil organic matter, on the one hand supply of long duration nutrient is for needed for plant growth, avoids on the other hand because gypsum is manured into soil the excessive rising of pH.
Compared with existing engineering improvement of salt and alkaline land mode, the mode that material mixes is easy, quick, saves manpower, reduces improvement cost to a certain extent; Soil continues desalination, and the landscape effect that green plants growth is formed is good.
Claims (5)
1. the original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material, it is characterized in that: leveled land by strand severe saline soil, paving executes rough sand, gypsum and stalk, adopts mechanically to plough deeply the soil mixed by material into the 0-60cm degree of depth for 2-3 time; Described coarse sand particles size 3.1 ~ 3.7mm, the amount of mixing is 50m
3/ mu; Described gypsum effective ingredient is CaSO
42H
2o, the amount of mixing is 2t/ mu; Described stalk is the maize straw of length 2 ~ 4cm after pulverizing, and the amount of mixing is 30m
3/ mu; Material mixed soil after 3 months, applied 180 ~ 220 kg/hm
2n element and 120 ~ 160 kg/hm
2p element increases soil available nutrient, and ridging is planted green plants, uses 20m after planting
3the stalk of/mu carries out ground mulching, carries out pouring salt with drip irrigation measure, carries out normal drip irrigation irrigation management.
2. the original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the plant specific requirement of green plants of described ridging is: row spacing 2m, face, ridge is smooth, and the 20cm that ditches between ridge is wide, and 20cm is dark; Described pouring salt drip irrigation is carried out immediately after green plants is planted, and point 2 day time completes, every day drip irrigation water yield 25m
3/ mu; Described normal drip irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content situation, when 0-30cm soil moisture content lower than field capacity 50% time start drip irrigation, make soil moisture content reach 80% field capacity after drip irrigation.
3. the original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described strand severe salt-affected soil refers to soil salt content >=15g/kg in the 1m soil body, saturated hydraulic conductivity is 0.
4. the original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the sowing amount of described increase soil available nutrient is N element 200 kg/hm
2, P element is 150 kg/hm
2.
5. the original soil improvement greening method of the strand severe salt-affected soil mixed based on material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the 0-20 cm topsoil soils unit weight of described strand severe salt-affected soil is 1.65 g/cm
3, soil salt content is 30 ~ 40g/kg; PH is 8.75.
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Cited By (7)
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CN105612844A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-06-01 | 石河子大学 | Method for improving saline alkali soil with desulphurization gypsum under drip-irrigation condition |
CN105684589A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-22 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil by means of tree branches |
CN107318447A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The tall shrub implantation methods of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation |
CN108738458A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of compound modification method in salt-soda soil of stalk bilayer control salt and surface layer ice dish desalination |
CN108811579A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-16 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of method that agricultural land soil soil fertility is restored after chemical oxidation is repaired |
CN111083961A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-01 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Improvement method for improving air permeability and drainage performance of loess |
CN114577663A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-03 | 四川大学 | Method for separating and quantitatively analyzing bioavailable organic debris in river beach soil |
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CN105612844A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-06-01 | 石河子大学 | Method for improving saline alkali soil with desulphurization gypsum under drip-irrigation condition |
CN105684589A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2016-06-22 | 宁夏林业研究所股份有限公司 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil by means of tree branches |
CN107318447A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The tall shrub implantation methods of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation |
CN108811579A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-16 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of method that agricultural land soil soil fertility is restored after chemical oxidation is repaired |
CN108738458A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-06 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of compound modification method in salt-soda soil of stalk bilayer control salt and surface layer ice dish desalination |
CN111083961A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-01 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Improvement method for improving air permeability and drainage performance of loess |
CN114577663A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-03 | 四川大学 | Method for separating and quantitatively analyzing bioavailable organic debris in river beach soil |
CN114577663B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2023-05-05 | 四川大学 | Method for separating and quantitatively analyzing bioavailable organic scraps in river beach soil |
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