CN104758555B - 治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药 - Google Patents
治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104758555B CN104758555B CN201510200763.5A CN201510200763A CN104758555B CN 104758555 B CN104758555 B CN 104758555B CN 201510200763 A CN201510200763 A CN 201510200763A CN 104758555 B CN104758555 B CN 104758555B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药,它是由下述重量份的原料制成的汤剂:烟叶4‑6份,洋葱4‑6份,陈皮3‑4份,薄荷3‑4份,桉树叶3‑4份,菖蒲2‑4份,五倍子2‑4份,明矾0.5‑1份。本发明用以治疗海水鱼类细菌病,具有治愈率高、效果好、安全、无毒副作用、使用方便的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及海水鱼类养殖用中草药,具体是涉及一种治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药。
背景技术
近年海水鱼类工厂化养殖中的病害较十年前大幅增加,许多新的疾病不断出现,而且治疗越来越困难。目前,药浴防治鱼类细菌病普遍采用甲醛溶液、盐酸土霉素溶液等西药,存在容易引起皮肤、腮丝组织损伤,甚至损害各脏器的功能,恢复期长等问题;而中药浴可避免上述问题,具有见效快,无毒副作用,节约成本的特点,具有抗病毒、抑制细菌、抗各种应激反应、增强机体免疫力的功效,且具有天然性,毒副作用小和无抗药性的优点。现有技术尚未公开有能够有效治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述问题,提供一种能够有效治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药。
本发明的技术方案是:一种治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药,它是由下述重量份的原料制成的汤剂:烟叶4-6份,洋葱4-6份,陈皮3-4份,薄荷3-4份,桉树叶3-4份,菖蒲2-4份,五倍子2-4份,明矾0.5-1份。
制成本发明治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药的优选原料重量份是:烟叶4份,洋葱4.5份,陈皮4份,薄荷3份,桉树叶3份,菖蒲3份,五倍子3份,明矾0.5份。
本发明组方中各组份药理功效是:
烟叶功效:烟叶别名烟,性味辛、温,归肺经。含生物碱及芸香甙、有机酸(苹果酸、柠檬酸)、脂肪、树脂、无机质及γ-谷甾醇葡萄糖甙、环本波萝烯醇。具行气止痛,解毒杀虫之功效。用于食滞饱胀,气结疼痛,痈疽,疔疮,疥癣。
洋葱功效:洋葱别名洋葱头、玉葱、葱头、圆葱、球葱。性味温、甘、辛,归肝、脾、肺、胃经。含挥发油,富含蒜素、硫醇、三硫化物等及咖啡酸、芥子酸、桂皮酸、柠檬酸盐、多糖和多种氨基酸。具祛痰利尿,健胃润肠,解毒杀虫之功效。用于食欲不振,大便不畅,痢疾肠炎,虫积腹痛,创伤溃疡等。
陈皮功效:陈皮别名橘皮、贵老、红皮、黄橘皮、广橘皮、新会皮。性味温、辛、苦,归脾、肺经。红橘果含挥发油及橙皮甙、川陈皮素、肌醇。挥发油中主要含柠檬烯,并含α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-水芹烯、对伞花烃、α-松油烯、芳樟醇及乙酸芳樟酯。果肉含枸橼酸及还原糖。具健脾和胃,行气宽中,降逆化痰之功效。用于脾胃气滞,脘腹长满,恶心呕吐,食欲不振,咳嗽痰多等。
薄荷功效:薄荷别名野薄荷、夜息香。性味辛,凉,归肺、肝经。含乙酸薄荷脂、莰烯、柠檬烯、异薄荷酮、蒎烯、薄荷烯酮、树脂及少量鞣质、迷迭香酸;茎叶含挥发油,油中主要含l-薄荷醇,其次含l-薄荷酮。另含异薄荷酮、胡薄荷酮、乙酸癸酯、乙酸薄荷酯、苯甲酸薄荷酯、α-蒎烯、戊醇-3、β-蒎烯、β-侧柏烯、己醇-2、d-月桂烯、宁烯、辛醇-3、桉叶素和α-松油醇及苏氨、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬酰胺等多种游离氨基酸。具疏散风热,清利头目,利咽透疹,疏肝行气之功效。用于外感风热,头痛,咽喉肿痛,食滞气胀,口疮,牙痛,疮疥,瘾疹,温病初起,风疹瘙痒,肝郁气滞,胸闷胁痛。
桉树叶功效:桉树叶别名蓝桉叶、羊草果叶。性寒,味苦。归肺、胃、脾、肝经。叶和花均含挥发油,其主要成份是1,8-桉叶素、蒎烯、香橙烯、枯醛、松香芹醇和1-乙酰-4-异丙叉环戊烯等。叶又含芸香甙、槲皮甙、槲皮素、L(+)-高丝氨酸,还分出桉树素。树皮含鞣质。从该植物得到的焦油中,含愈创木酚。桉精油是最好的杀菌剂之一,有很强的杀菌力,同时还具有降低体内粘液粘度的作用,能缓和发炎现象并使黏膜舒适。可用于痢疾,肠炎,疥癣,湿疹,痈疮肿毒等。
菖蒲功效:菖蒲又名臭菖蒲、水菖蒲、泥菖蒲、大叶菖蒲、白菖蒲。为多年水生草本植物。性温,味辛、苦。归心、胃经。含α-、β-细辛醚、顺甲基异丁香酚、甲基丁香酚、菖蒲烯二醇、菖蒲螺烯酮、水菖蒲酮、菖蒲螺酮、菖蒲大牯牛儿酮、菖蒲酮、异菖蒲酮等。具宣气,解毒,杀虫,健胃之功效。用于腹胀,肠炎,体表寄生虫等。
五倍子功效:五倍子别名盐麸叶、上毬子、漆倍子,红叶桃,旱倍子、乌盐泡。性味寒,酸、涩;归肺、大肠、肾经。含五倍子鞣质,包括没食子酰基-β-D-葡萄糖等多种葡萄糖。具敛肺,止汗,涩肠,固精,止血,解毒之功效。用于肺虚久咳,自汗盗汗,久痢久泻,脱肛,各种出血,痈肿疮疖。
明矾功效:明矾别名白矾,钾矾,钾铝矾,钾明矾;性味酸涩,寒。归入肺,脾,胃,大肠经。明矾石为碱性硫酸铝钾,其中氧化钾,氧化铝,三氧化硫。具消痰,燥湿,止泻,止血,解毒,杀虫之功效。用于喉痹,肝炎,黄疸,黄肿,胃、十二指肠溃疡。
本发明组方依据:中草药含有多种生物活性物质和天然营养物质,能促进鱼类机体代谢和蛋白质及酶的合成,抗菌消炎、杀虫益体,提高机体的免疫力和抗应激能力,促进鱼类的生长。方中烟叶、洋葱、陈皮具行气消食,健脾开胃之功效;洋葱、陈皮、薄荷具有特殊的气味,有诱食、增进食欲作用,薄荷还具有渗透作用;桉树叶、菖蒲、五倍子、明矾可抗病毒性、细菌性、真菌性和寄生虫类疾病;明矾具有独特的吸附性能,可以吸附水里悬浮的杂质,并形成沉淀,使水澄清,增加水中溶解氧,提高水体光合作用强度,可净化水质;而且组方中各原料药本身含有一定的营养物质,如原料药含有的各种氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等,可完善饲料的营养,提高饲料转化率;组方中诸药相和,可促进食欲、抗菌消炎、杀虫益体,提高机体免疫力和抗病能力,加速鱼的生长。
本发明治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药,是在进行了大量实际应用的基础上,依据传统医学古方,结合鱼类生理学和免疫学的理论筛选而成。本发明所使用原料来源广泛,价格便宜,同时,本发明中草药生产工艺十分简单,适合作为药浴液使用。本中草药用于海水养殖鱼类,促长防病效果好,成本低,使用方便。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例:
分别称取原料:烟叶160g,洋葱180g,陈皮160g,薄荷120g,桉树叶120g,菖蒲120g,五倍子120g,明矾20g。
本治疗海水养殖鱼类细菌病的中草药的制备方法是:按重量份称取烟叶、洋葱、陈皮、薄荷、桉树叶、菖蒲、五倍子、明矾,并分别粉碎成粗粉;取洋葱、陈皮、桉树叶、薄荷粗粉,用水蒸汽蒸馏法收集蒸馏出的挥发油;另取烟叶、菖蒲、五倍子、明矾四味粗粉,加水浸泡后与蒸馏后的洋葱、陈皮、桉树叶、薄荷药渣一起文火煎煮;过滤,得到一次滤液;取一次滤液后的药渣再加水煎煮二次,分别得到二次滤液和三次滤液;合并三次滤液,加热成为浓缩液;将挥发油与浓缩液合并,按定量加入防腐剂,搅匀,过滤,灌装,灭菌,即得本治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药。
1、本发明中草药对半滑舌鳎鱼常见细菌药敏试验
分别选取临床患病半滑舌鳎鱼经分离、鉴定出病原菌为副溶血弧菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、鳗鲡斯顿氏菌,取一定量的本发明中草药,每mL含生药1g,灭菌,分装,4℃保存备用。
药物敏感性试验:采用平皿打孔法,将临床分离的副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、鳗鲡斯顿氏菌先接种于平板上,在孔内加入1g/mL由本发明中草药组方制成的液体,以加满而不溢出孔外为宜。于28℃培养18h。置于28℃恒温培养箱中培养2h,测量抑菌圈直径,并于传统的甲醛溶液0.1%比较。判定标准:按照《中药药理学》和《美国临床实验室标准化研究所2005年版有关药敏试验标准化》的标准,即抑菌直径≥20mm为极敏,20mm>抑菌直径≥15mm为高敏;15mm>抑菌直径≥10mm为中敏,10mm以下为低敏。
本发明中草药药物敏感性试验对比结果见表1。
表1 本发明中草药药物敏感性试验对比结果(24小时) mm
表1显示,本发明中草药对副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、鳗鲡斯顿氏菌抑菌直径分别达18.5、19.0、21.0mm,高于甲醛对比效果,本发明中草药对由副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、鳗鲡斯顿氏菌引起的感染效果较好。
人工感染半滑舌鳎鱼哈维氏弧菌发病效疗效试验:180尾体长20厘米30克左右半滑舌鳎鱼随机分为6组,每组30尾,分组及处理方法见表2。
表2 试验分组及处理方法 (单位:尾)
除健康对照组半滑舌鳎鱼注射灭菌生理盐水0.2mL,其余各组每尾半滑舌鳎鱼均注射哈维氏弧菌(3×106个/mL)0.2mL。攻毒48h后试验鱼(健康对照组除外)摄食量减少,活力减弱,皮肤逐渐出现小的溃疡、出血,出现腹水,而对照组不表现上述症状。开始按表2剂量给药,观察给药后的临床变化,每天记录各组鱼的临床症状和死亡数。实验结果见表3。
表3 人工感染试验的治疗结果 (单位:只、%)
由表3可知,本发明中草药高、中、低剂量组与感染对照组相比较,治愈率均差异极显著(P<0.01);本中草药高、中剂量组与甲醛溶液治疗组比较,治愈率显著差异(P<0.05);低剂量组的治愈率与甲醛溶液治疗组比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。
2、半滑舌鳎鱼自然感染哈维氏弧菌发病后疗效试验
自然感染哈维氏弧菌发病半滑舌鳎鱼分别由河北省昌黎县各养殖户提供,半滑舌鳎鱼分组、按中剂量给药、症状观察等同人工感染试验。治疗结果见表4。
表4自然感染的治疗效果(单位:克、尾、%)
通过对自然感染哈维氏弧菌发病半滑舌鳎鱼治疗观察,本发明中草药治疗组对自然感染哈维氏弧菌病鱼治疗有显著的功效,平均治愈率为93.6%,一般经5~7d病鱼康复,恢复正常采食和活力,且投药全程未见鱼有任何不良反应。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药,其特征在于它是由下述重量份的原料制成的汤剂:烟叶4-6份,洋葱4-6份,陈皮3-4份,薄荷3-4份,桉树叶3-4份,菖蒲2-4份,五倍子2-4份,明矾0.5-1份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗海水鱼类细菌病的中草药,其特征在于它是由下述重量份的原料制成的汤剂:烟叶4份,洋葱4.5份,陈皮4份,薄荷3份,桉树叶3份,菖蒲3份,五倍子3份,明矾0.5份。
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