CN104755806A - 用于速度变换传动装置的传动装置 - Google Patents

用于速度变换传动装置的传动装置 Download PDF

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CN104755806A
CN104755806A CN201380056848.XA CN201380056848A CN104755806A CN 104755806 A CN104755806 A CN 104755806A CN 201380056848 A CN201380056848 A CN 201380056848A CN 104755806 A CN104755806 A CN 104755806A
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gear
transmission device
motor
clutch
planetary gear
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CN104755806B (zh
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A·海特曼
J·梅尔克
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
    • F16H37/046—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement with an additional planetary gear train, e.g. creep gear, overdrive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H57/10—Braking arrangements
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0065—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising nine forward speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/909—Gearing
    • Y10S903/91—Orbital, e.g. planetary gears

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的速度变换传动装置的传动装置，具有至少一个变速器-输入轴(14)、至少一个轴向平行的输出轴(18)、多个布置在所述轴(14、18)上的齿轮组和至少一个分离离合器(K1、K2)，齿轮组具有固定齿轮和为形成前进挡能通过同步接合装置(38)连接的活动齿轮。根据本发明，前进挡(1至9)的齿轮组之前设置有能切换到两个变速比级的行星齿轮传动机构(40)，行星齿轮传动机构具有驱动的输入元件(42)、输出到所述输入轴(14)上的输出元件(50)和用于切换变速比级的能制动或能耦连的传递元件(46)，其中，传递元件(46)能耦连到电机(54)上，借助于电机能停止或能沿着两个转动方向地驱动所述传递元件(46)。

Description

用于速度变换传动装置的传动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于机动车的速度变换传动装置的传动装置/驱动装置。
背景技术
在速度变换传动装置或换挡变速器中公知的是，通过将具有例如两个变速比级的所谓中间传动装置设置在前进挡的齿轮组之前来增加变速器分散度(Getriebespreizung)及前进挡的数量。中间传动装置例如可以是相应可切换的行星齿轮传动机构。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种所述类型的传动装置，借助于该传动装置可在较大的变速器分散度和结构有利的情况下实现变速比设计方面增大的自由度。
该目的通过权利要求1所述的特征来实现。本发明的有利的改进方案由从属权利要求得出。
根据本发明建议，在前进挡的齿轮组之前设置有可切换到两个变速比级的行星齿轮传动机构，所述行星齿轮传动机构具有驱动的输入元件，输出到输入轴上的输出元件和用于切换变速比级可制动或可耦连的传递元件，其中，制动元件由耦连到传递元件上的电机构成，借助于该电机可停止或者可沿着两个转动方向驱动传递元件。通过行星齿轮传动机构与电机的组合，除了可以通过固定(制动)传递元件切换到较低的变速比，通过将电机的驱动力矩叠加到用于前进挡的行星齿轮传动机构的传递元件上同时还可以实现在规定的范围内受控的、可变的变速比。此外，可反转的电机代替用于倒挡的单独齿轮，从而使得速度变换传动装置整体上可以被十分紧凑地设计。
特别地，对于较大的内燃机-力矩有利的是，电机与附加的制动元件一起产生制动效果。制动元件优选可以被包装优化地设计为带式制动器。替代于此，也可以使用另其它常规的制动器。
传动装置(根据独立权利要求)还允许将电机用作启动元件。根据电机的控制(加速或减速)情况，可以在内燃机运行中向前或向后地启动电机。
在一种特别优选的设计方案中规定，行星齿轮传动机构作为输入元件具有第一太阳轮，该第一太阳轮与分离离合器的壳体持续地传动连接；行星齿轮传动机构还具有第二太阳轮作为输出到输入轴上的输出元件；支架通过作为传递元件的阶梯式行星齿轮与两个太阳轮啮合并连接到分离离合器；支架与电机的转子相耦连。由此得到结构简单的行星齿轮传动机构，该行星齿轮传动机构仅通过分离离合器和电机的制动-或驱动力矩就可以相应变化地在变速比上进行控制。
在此，电机的转子可以结构上有利地直接布置在将分离离合器与行星齿轮传动机构的支架连接的轴上，并且优选地连接在分离离合器和行星齿轮传动机构之间。
此外，具有转子和定子的环形电机的直径大约相当于行星齿轮传动机构的最大外径(包络圆)，并且为了实现紧凑的布局而被布置在相同的、包绕的变速器壳体内。
在本发明的一个有利的改进方案中，速度变换传动装置可以是双离合变速器，具有两个同轴的输入轴，这两个输入轴可通过两个分离离合器激活，这些输入轴通过具有前进挡的子变速器A和具有前进挡的子变速器B输出到至少一个输出轴上，其中，行星齿轮传动机构与电机被连接到子变速器A的输入-空心轴上。因此，子变速器A的齿轮组的前进挡被加倍且能可变地控制；同时，当子变速器B的齿轮组形成单一的、可通过同步接合装置切换的前进挡时，可以通过子变速器A内的前进挡和电机形成倒挡。
为此，在一个有利的设计方案中，子变速器A可以具有三个包括活动齿轮和固定齿轮的齿轮组，通过这些齿轮组可切换前进挡1/2、4/5、7/8，而子变速器B则配设有单一的前进挡3、6、9。用于1./2.挡或最小的变速比的齿轮组在此可以被有利地共同用作倒挡。
在一个优选的、传动技术上可简单实现的且在效率上有利的设计方案中，前置的行星齿轮传动机构可以通过将支架固定切换到较低的变速比上用于形成前进挡1、4、7，以及通过闭合分离离合器K1切换到较高的1:1的变速比，以形成前进挡2、5、8。
此外，经由电机通过在行星齿轮传动机构的传递元件或支架上的转速叠加能可变化地控制行星齿轮传动机构的变速比或接通的前进挡的变速比，以便因此可变地、必要时根据内燃机的功率要求和/或根据机动车的不同的行车计划或短或长地设计由齿轮组自身固定确定的挡位跳跃(变速比间隔)。
此外，在分离离合器脱开且接通低的前进挡时，通过电机可使机动车向前或向后行驶；在分离离合器接合且前进挡没有被接通时，可启动机动车的内燃机，最后，特别是在行星齿轮传动机构的1:1的变速比级的情况下，电机可控制为作为发电机，用于产生电流。
附图说明
接下来借助于示意性的附图对本发明的实施例予以详述。在附图中：
图1示出了用于机动车的双离合变速器的框图，所述双离合变速器具有前置的行星齿轮传动机构和集成到行星齿轮传动机构中的电机；以及
图2在简图中示出了具有电机的行星齿轮传动机构的细节。
具体实施方式
图1粗略地示意性示出了作为用于机动车的速度变换传动装置的双离合变速器12，所述双离合变速器具有两个同轴的变速器-输入轴14、16，这两个变速器-输入轴通过两个分离离合器K1、K2与驱动的动力总成或内燃机(未示出)可传动式地连接。输入轴14被设计为空心轴。
轴向平行于输入轴14、16设置有输出轴18，该输出轴在该实施例中由第一输出轴18a和被设计为空心轴的、同轴的第二输出轴18b组成。
第一输出轴18a通过正齿轮24、26输出到被安装到变速器壳体20上的前轴差速器22(仅示意示出)上，而第二输出轴18b则被输出到中间轴差速器30的补偿壳体28上，其输出元件或车轴锥齿轮32、34一方面与用于驱动机动车的前轴差速器22的输出轴18a相连接，另一方面与用于驱动机动车的后轴差速器(未示出)的输出轴36相连接。
具有中间轴差速器30的输出轴18的所示的设计方案使得当其它前进挡通过中间轴差速器30形成全轮驱动时，各个前进挡能直接输出到前轴差速器上。
输出轴18在仅被输出到轴差速器22(前轮驱动)上或通过输出轴36输出到后轴差速器(后轮驱动)的情况下，也可以被一体地设计或者被设计成没有中间轴差速器30。
所述轴14、16、18等通过仅被示意示出的滚动轴承可转动地支承在变速器壳体20内。
双离合变速器12被划分成子变速器A和子变速器B，其中，输入-空心轴14仅在子变速器A内延伸，而输入轴16则穿过输入轴14伸入到子变速器B直至其端壁20a处。
在子变速器A内布置有三个前进挡-齿轮组I、III、Ⅴ，所述前进挡-齿轮组以公知的方式由固定齿轮和活动齿轮组成，其中，活动齿轮可以通过同步接合装置(通常用38来表示)来切换。齿轮组I、III、Ⅴ形成前进挡1/2、4/5、7/8(将进一步说明)。
在子变速器B内同样布置有三个前进挡-齿轮组II、IV和VI，所述前进挡-齿轮组同样由固定齿轮和可通过同步接合装置38切换的活动齿轮组成，所述前进挡-齿轮组II、IV和VI在相应的传动设计中形成前进挡3、6和9。
行星齿轮传动机构40与双离合器K1、K2相邻地设置在子变速器A之前，所述行星齿轮传动机构与输入-空心轴14同轴地设计，所述行星齿轮传动机构可从变速器设计上切换到两个变速比级或切换到较低的变速比级和较高的1:1的变速比级。
在这种情况下，行星齿轮传动机构40的输入元件(也可参见图2)由第一太阳轮42构成，所述第一太阳轮连接到双离合器K1、K2的壳体44上并因此被连续地驱动。
作为行星齿轮传动机构40的传递元件的支架46支承多个可转动地安装的阶梯式行星齿轮48，所述阶梯式行星齿轮中的一个较大的齿轮48a与太阳轮42啮合并且可与离合器K1传动式地连接。
阶梯式行星齿轮48的较小齿轮48b通过作为行星齿轮传动机构40的输出元件的第二太阳轮50与子变速器A的输入-空心轴14相连接。
此外，支承支架46的空心轴52被连接到环形设计的电机54上。在这种情况下，转子54a被直接固定在空心轴52上，而定子54b则被置入到包围的变速器壳体20内(图1)。定子绕组的直径略大于行星齿轮传动机构40由阶梯式行星齿轮48构成的、最大的包络圆的直径。
电机54可以是三相电机，其被连接到具有相应牵引用电池的、机动车的电驱动***上，并且所述电机既可以作为电动机和也可以作为发电机而被接通。
如果离合器K1被脱开并且电机54被如此接通，使得其制动力矩将支架46停止，那么太阳轮42通过阶梯式行星齿轮48驱动太阳轮50，并且所述太阳轮驱动较低变速比级中的输入轴14；这在子变速器A的齿轮组被相应连接的情况下对应于前进挡1(在这种情况下车辆的启动经由电机54通过所施加的制动力矩来控制)、4和7。如果电机54断电，那么驱动功率就被中断。
为了将行星齿轮传动机构40切换到较高的1:1的变速比级要接合离合器K1，其中，现在使太阳轮42和支架46互连，并且使行星齿轮传动机构40本身被锁死。驱动力矩通过离合器K1和壳体44进行相应地分配。在行星齿轮传动机构40的1:1的变速比级的情况下可以切换/接通前进挡2、5、8。
为了切换/接通子变速器B的前进挡3、6和9，采用传统的方式通过同步接合装置38接通齿轮组II、IV或VI并且通过分离离合器K2激活齿轮组II、IV或VI。在这种情况下，离合器K1是脱离的并且电机54没通电。
除了所述的切换功能之外，电机54还可以作为电动机被沿着前进-转动方向控制，进而将驱动力矩或转速叠加给支架46，它向分别恰好通过同步接合装置38接通的前进挡(例如第一挡)施加可变的变速比，从而或多或少地可改变在子变速器A内通过齿轮组I、II、Ⅴ被固定地规定的挡位跳跃。
电机54还可以沿着相反的转动方向作为电动机被连接，进而优选地在接通第一前进挡(齿轮组I)的情况下形成倒挡。在这种情况下，离合器K1必须被脱开。
此外，电机54可以作为发电机被连接，以便在机动车行驶运行(再生运行)时、尤其是在离合器K1接合的情况下，在需要时产生用于牵引用电池的电流。
最后，在离合器K1接合情况下，电机54无论是在升压运行(Boostbetrieb)还是在启动时都可以(共同)驱动内燃机。
本发明并不局限于所示出的实施例。
速度变换传动装置也可以被设计为没有子变速器B、没有第二分离离合器K2以及没有第二输入轴16的、简单的必要时自动的换挡变速器。然后，输入轴14可以作为单一轴(或多或少如所述那样地)支承所需的前进挡-齿轮组。

Claims (13)

1.用于机动车的速度变换传动装置的传动装置，具有至少一个变速器-输入轴(14)、至少一个轴向平行的输出轴(18)、多个布置在所述轴(14、18)上的齿轮组和至少一个分离离合器(K1、K2)，所述齿轮组包括固定齿轮和为形成前进挡能通过同步接合装置(38)接合的活动齿轮，其特征在于，在所述前进挡(1至9)的齿轮组之前设置有能切换到两个变速比级的行星齿轮传动机构(40)，所述行星齿轮传动机构具有驱动的输入元件(42)、输出到所述输入轴(14)上的输出元件(50)和为切换变速比级能制动或能耦连的传递元件(46)，其中，所述传递元件(46)能耦连到电机(54)上，借助于所述电机能停止或能沿着两个转动方向驱动所述传递元件(46)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)作为输入元件具有第一太阳轮(42)，该第一太阳轮与所述分离离合器(K1、K2)的壳体(44)持续地传动连接；所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)还具有第二太阳轮(50)作为输出到所述输入轴(14)上的输出元件；支架(46)通过作为传递元件的阶梯式行星齿轮(48)与两个太阳轮(42、50)啮合并且连接到所述分离离合器(K1)上；所述支架(46)与所述电机(54)的转子(54a)相耦连。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述电机(54)的转子(54a)直接布置在将所述分离离合器(K1)与所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)的支架(46)连接的轴(52)上。
4.按照上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述电机(54)在结构上连接在所述分离离合器(K1)和所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)之间。
5.按照上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，具有转子(54a)和定子(54b)的环形电机(54)的直径大约相当于所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)的最大外径以及被布置在相同的、包绕的变速器壳体(20)内。
6.按照上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述速度变换传动装置是双离合变速器(12)，具有两个同轴的输入轴(14、16)，这两个输入轴能通过两个分离离合器(K1、K2)激活，这些输入轴在具有前进挡的子变速器A和具有前进挡的子变速器B上作用到至少一个输出轴(18)上，其中，所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)与所述电机(54)输出到子变速器A的输入-空心轴(14)上。
7.按照权利要求6所述的传动装置，其特征在于，所述子变速器A具有三个包括活动齿轮和固定齿轮的齿轮组(I、III、Ⅴ)，通过这些齿轮组能切换前进挡1/2、4/5、7/8，而所述子变速器B配设有单一的前进挡3、6、9。
8.按照上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，前置的行星齿轮传动机构(40)能通过固定所述支架(46)切换到较低的变速比以形成前进挡1、4、7，以及能通过闭合所述分离离合器(K1)切换较高的1:1的变速比，以形成前进挡3、9、6。
9.按照上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，经由所述电机(54)通过在所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)的传递元件或支架(46)上的转速叠加能变化地控制所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)的变速比或接通的前进挡的变速比。
10.按照上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，在所述分离离合器(K1)脱开且接通低前进挡时，通过所述电机(54)能使机动车向前或向后行驶。
11.按照上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，在所述分离离合器(K1)闭合且前进挡没有被接通时，能启动机动车的内燃机。
12.按照上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，特别是在所述行星齿轮传动机构(40)的1:1的变速比级的情况下，所述电机(54)能控制成作为发电机，用于产生电流。
13.按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的传动装置，其特征在于，附加地设置有制动元件，该制动元件特别是在内燃机-力矩较大的情况下与所述电机(54)一起产生制动效果。
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US9533562B2 (en) 2017-01-03
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