Summary of the invention
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of prefabricated precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane, institute
Stating the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane includes basal layer, sandwich layer and optional surface layer, the preparation method packet
It includes:
I) unhardened basal layer is provided, the unhardened basal layer by unhardened concrete preparation;
II the sandwich layer) is formed on the unhardened basal layer, the sandwich layer passes through in the unhardened substrate
The first polyurethane reaction system is applied on layer, forms hard polyurethane foam after the first polyurethane reaction system solidification for use as institute
State sandwich layer;
III unhardened or hardening concrete) is optionally applied on the sandwich layer;And
IV make the hardening of the unhardened concrete) to form the basal layer and the optional surface layer.
In an embodiment of the invention, the sandwich layer with a thickness of 20-100mm.
In an embodiment of the invention, the method also includes: V) be initially formed on the unhardened basal layer every
Absciss layer, then the step of forming the sandwich layer on the separation layer, wherein the separation layer passes through in the unhardened substrate
The second polyurethane reaction system is applied on layer, forms the separation layer after the second polyurethane reaction system solidification.Preferably,
Wherein the gel time of the second polyurethane reaction system was less than 20 seconds.Preferably, the second polyurethane reaction system is solid
Hard polyurethane foam, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer are formed after change.Preferably, the separation layer with a thickness of 1-20mm.
Preferably, the density of the separation layer is 15-1000kg/m3。
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane, comprising:
A) basal layer, the basal layer are prepared by concrete;
B) sandwich layer, the sandwich layer are prepared by hard polyurethane foam;And
C) optional surface layer, the surface layer are prepared by hardening or unhardened concrete.
In an embodiment of the invention, the sandwich layer with a thickness of 20-100mm.
In an embodiment of the invention, the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane further include: c) be isolated
Layer, the separation layer is set between the basal layer and the sandwich layer, and is contacted with the basal layer, and the separation layer passes through
The preparation of second polyurethane reaction system.Preferably, wherein the gel time of the second polyurethane reaction system was less than 20 seconds.It is excellent
Selection of land forms hard polyurethane foam, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer after the second polyurethane reaction system solidification.It is preferred that
Ground, the separation layer with a thickness of 1-20mm.Preferably, the density of the separation layer is 15-1000kg/m3。
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of preparation sides of the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane of high-efficiency and low-cost
Method, the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane include basal layer, sandwich layer and optional surface layer, the preparation side
Method includes:
I unhardened basal layer) is provided, the unhardened basal layer is prepared by unhardened concrete;
II the sandwich layer) is formed on the unhardened basal layer, the sandwich layer passes through in the unhardened substrate
The first polyurethane reaction system is applied on layer, forms hard polyurethane foam after the first polyurethane reaction system solidification for use as institute
State sandwich layer;
III) application hardening or unhardened concrete optionally on the sandwich layer;And
IV make the unhardened concrete hardening) to form the basal layer and the optional surface layer.
This method is by before basal layer hardens, being applied onto (such as spraying or casting) first polyurethane reaction body
System, after the first polyurethane reaction system is formed by curing sandwich layer, is used to form the unhardened of surface layer optionally on sandwich layer
Or the concrete of hardening, then gained element is conserved to obtain the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane.This hair
Bright method only needs a curing step, and avoids the cutting step of polyurethane sheet, improves based on the prefabricated of polyurethane
The production efficiency of concrete heat-insulating element simultaneously reduces production cost.
As used in this application, term " concrete " has meaning commonly used in the art, refers to comprising inorganic bond
Expect the composition of (such as cement), filler material (such as gravel, sand), water and optional additive and/or auxiliary agent, wherein cement
With meaning commonly used in the art, refer to by calcined limestone, silica, aluminium oxide, lime, iron oxide, magnesia and clay
Etc. components preparation dried powder.Term " concrete " also includes " mortar " commonly used in the art, according to the present invention " mixed
Solidifying soil " and " mortar ", composition difference are only that the maximum particle size that filler material used in the composition is made is different.Term
" mortar " refers to the composition as made from the maximum particle size at most filler material of 4mm, and term " concrete " refers to by compared with roughstuff charge system
The composition obtained.In the present invention, to term " concrete " and " mortar " without further distinguishing.
As used in this application, term " unhardened concrete " refers to before forming fundamental strength, i.e., before final set
Concrete, wherein the final setting time can measure (" normal concrete mixture performance test according to GB/T50080-2002
Method standard ", the 4th chapter, " setting time measurement ").
In an embodiment of the present invention, unhardened basal layer is by being layed in shape on mold for unhardened concrete
At making unhardened concrete hardening after maintenance and form the basal layer of hardening.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after green concrete is layed on mold and forms unhardened basal layer,
Sandwich layer is formed on the unhardened basal layer, the sandwich layer is by applying the first polyurethane on the unhardened basal layer
Reaction system forms hard polyurethane foam after the first polyurethane reaction system solidification for use as the sandwich layer.Wherein first is poly-
Reactive urethane system can be that commonly used in the art for the systems for preparing hard polyurethane foam, in the preferred embodiment of the invention,
First polyurethane reaction system includes:
1a) one or more polyisocyanates, the polyisocyanates can use general formula R (NCO)nIt indicates, wherein R expression contains
The aliphatic alkyl of 2-18 carbon atom or aryl containing 6-15 carbon atom contain 8-15 carbon atom aryl aliphatic hydrocarbyl,
N=2-4;It is preferred that MDI and TDI performed polymer, monomer mixture;More preferably preferred MDI performed polymer, monomer mixture;
1b) one or more polyalcohols, the average molecular weight of the polyalcohol are 100-10000, degree of functionality 2-8;It is excellent
Selection of land, the polyalcohol are selected from following one or more: using sucrose, glycerol, sorbierite or diethanol amine as initiator polyethers
Polyalcohol, the polyester polyol based on phthalic anhydride;With
1c) one or more foaming agents of 0.3-15wt.%, by 1b) weight based on 100wt.%
1d) one or more catalyst of 0-2wt.%, by 1b) and weight 1c) based on 100wt.%.
The first polyurethane reaction system can also include the auxiliary agent being usually used in this field, such as fire retardant, crosslinking
Agent, chain extender etc..
The first polyurethane reaction system, which is applied on the unhardened basal layer, can use in this field
The method known, such as spraying and casting.According to actual demand, the first polyurethane reaction system can be applied with multilayer, preparation
The thickness of sandwich layer can be 20-100mm.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, unhardened basal layer is applied in the first polyurethane reaction system
Before, first the second polyurethane reaction system is applied on the unhardened basal layer to form one or more layers rigid polyurethane
Then bubble, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer material apply above-mentioned first to form separation layer on the separation layer
Polyurethane reaction system is to form sandwich layer.Wherein the second polyurethane reaction system can be poly- commonly used in the art for preparing
The system of urethane hard bubble, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer.Due to for hardening concrete in containing more moisture with
And alkaline matter, these substances can be reacted with the first polyurethane reaction system, to influence the performance of hard polyurethane foam.Isolation
Layer can contact to avoid the first polyurethane system with unhardened concrete, to avoid the performance of damage hard polyurethane foam.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the second polyurethane reaction system includes:
2a) one or more polyisocyanates, the polyisocyanates can use general formula R (NCO)nIt indicates, wherein R expression contains
The aliphatic alkyl of 2-18 carbon atom or aryl containing 6-15 carbon atom contain 8-15 carbon atom aryl aliphatic hydrocarbyl,
N=2-4;It is preferred that MDI and TDI performed polymer, monomer mixture;More preferably preferred MDI performed polymer, monomer mixture;
2b) polyalcohol and/or amine terminated polyether, the polyalcohol are selected from following one or more: polyether polyol, poly-
Ester polyol, polycarbonate polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, polytetrahydrofuran polyol, the polyalcohol and Amino End Group are poly-
The molecular weight of ether is greater than 100-8000, degree of functionality 2-6;
2c) one or more foaming agents of 0-15wt.%, by 2b) weight based on 100wt.%;With
2d) one or more catalyst of 0-2wt.%, by 2b) and weight 2c) based on 100wt.%;
The first polyurethane reaction system can also include the auxiliary agent being usually used in this field, such as fire retardant, crosslinking
Agent, chain extender etc..
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the gel time of the second polyurethane reaction system is more preferably small less than 40 seconds
In 20 seconds, more preferably less than 10 seconds.Polyurethane reaction system reactivity with shorter gel time is higher therefore unhardened
Concrete in the influence to it of moisture and alkaline matter it is also smaller.
Hard polyurethane foam, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer material can be formed after the solidification of second polyurethane reaction system
Material, to form separation layer.The thickness of separation layer can be 1-20mm.Form hard polyurethane foam, the soft polyurethane foam of separation layer
Or the density of polyurethane elastomer material is 15-1000kg/m3, preferably 20-200kg/m3, most preferably 25-100kg/m3。
Second polyurethane system can be applied on the unhardened basal layer by mode commonly used in the art, such as
Spraying or casting.
In an embodiment of the invention, unhardened or hardening concrete, institute are optionally applied on the sandwich layer of formation
It states unhardened concrete and forms surface layer in maintenance after-hardening.The unhardened concrete for being used to form surface layer can be with shape
It is identical or different at the unhardened concrete of basal layer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the hard of the unhardened concrete can be made using method commonly used in the art
Change, such as commonly used in the art for the methods of concrete curing.Maintenance process commonly used in the art has natural curing, steam to support
Shield, dry and wet thermal curing, steam press maintenance, electric heat curing, infrared ray curing and solar energy curing etc..In one embodiment of the invention
In, above-mentioned resulting component is conserved under conditions of temperature is 20 ± 3 DEG C, humidity is not less than 90% until concrete reaches institute
The intensity needed obtains the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane.
Another aspect of the present invention further relates to a kind of precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane, described to be based on polyurethane
Precast concrete warm keeping element include:
A) basal layer, the basal layer are prepared by concrete;
B) sandwich layer, the sandwich layer are prepared by hard polyurethane foam;And
C) optional surface layer, the surface layer are prepared by concrete.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane further include: c) every
Absciss layer, the separation layer are set between the basal layer and the sandwich layer, and are contacted with the basal layer, and the separation layer is logical
The preparation of the second polyurethane reaction system is crossed, wherein the second polyurethane reaction system is as described above.Wherein the separation layer can
To expand the process tolerance of sandwich layer, the thermal insulation property of hard polyurethane foam sandwich layer is improved.
Precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane of the invention can be the precast concrete-for exterior-wall heat insulation
Polyurethane thermal insulation wallboard, or polyurethane heat-insulation concrete floor etc..
Precast concrete-polyurethane thermal insulation wallboard is in addition to including basal layer, sandwich layer, other than surface layer, optionally can also include
Coat of plaster, architectural surface etc., according further to the installation method of insulation board, can be arranged on heat-insulation wall plate built-in fitting, lifting part,
The components such as connector.
Hereinafter, the invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments.Specific embodiment disclosed in this invention and side
Method, description are illustrative and not restrictive.