Summary of the invention
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of the prefabricated precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane, and the described precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane comprises basalis, sandwich layer and optional surface layer, and described preparation method comprises:
I) provide unhardened basalis, described unhardened basalis is by unhardened concrete preparation;
II) on described unhardened basalis, form described sandwich layer, described sandwich layer, by using the first polyurethane reaction system on described unhardened basalis, forms hard polyurethane foam to be used as described sandwich layer after described first polyurethane reaction system solidification;
III) on described sandwich layer, concrete that is unhardened or sclerosis is optionally used; And
IV) make described unhardened concrete sclerosis to form described basalis and described optional surface layer.
In an embodiment of the invention, the thickness of described sandwich layer is 20-100mm.
In an embodiment of the invention, described method also comprises: V) on described unhardened basalis, first form separation layer, the step of described sandwich layer is formed again on described separation layer, wherein said separation layer, by using the second polyurethane reaction system on described unhardened basalis, forms described separation layer after described second polyurethane reaction system solidification.Preferably, the gel time of wherein said second polyurethane reaction system is less than 20 seconds.Preferably, hard polyurethane foam, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer is formed after described second polyurethane reaction system solidification.Preferably, the thickness of described separation layer is 1-20mm.Preferably, the density of described separation layer is 15-1000kg/m
3.
The present invention provides a kind of precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane on the other hand, comprising:
A) basalis, described basalis is prepared by concrete;
B) sandwich layer, described sandwich layer is prepared by hard polyurethane foam; And
C) optional surface layer, described surface layer is by hardening or the preparation of unhardened concrete.
In an embodiment of the invention, the thickness of described sandwich layer is 20-100mm.
In an embodiment of the invention, the described precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane also comprises: c) separation layer, described separation layer is arranged between described basalis and described sandwich layer, and contacts with described basalis, and described separation layer is by the second polyurethane reaction system preparation.Preferably, the gel time of wherein said second polyurethane reaction system is less than 20 seconds.Preferably, hard polyurethane foam, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer is formed after described second polyurethane reaction system solidification.Preferably, the thickness of described separation layer is 1-20mm.Preferably, the density of described separation layer is 15-1000kg/m
3.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a kind of preparation method of the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane of high-efficiency and low-cost, the described precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane comprises basalis, sandwich layer and optional surface layer, and described preparation method comprises:
I) provide unhardened basalis, described unhardened basalis is prepared by unhardened concrete;
II) on described unhardened basalis, form described sandwich layer, described sandwich layer, by using the first polyurethane reaction system on described unhardened basalis, forms hard polyurethane foam to be used as described sandwich layer after described first polyurethane reaction system solidification;
III) on described sandwich layer, sclerosis or unhardened concrete is optionally used; And
IV) make described unhardened hardening of concrete to form described basalis and described optional surface layer.
The method is by before basalis sclerosis, use (such as spraying or cast) first polyurethane reaction system thereon, after the first polyurethane reaction system solidify to form sandwich layer, on sandwich layer, optionally use the concrete for the formation of the unhardened of surface layer or sclerosis, then gained element is carried out maintenance to obtain the precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane.Method of the present invention only needs a curing step, and avoids the cutting step of polyurethane sheet, improves the production efficiency based on the precast concrete warm keeping element of polyurethane and reduces cost of production.
As used in this application, term " concrete " has implication conventional in this area, it refers to the composition comprising inorganic bond material (such as cement), inserts (as gravel, sand), water and optional additive and/or auxiliary agent, wherein cement has the conventional implication in this area, and it refers to the dried powder prepared by components such as calcined limestone, silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, magnesia and clays.Term " concrete " also comprises " mortar " conventional in this area, " concrete " and " mortar " involved in the present invention, and its composition difference is only that the maximum particle size of obtained described composition inserts used is different.Term " mortar " refers to by the obtained composition of the inserts of maximum particle size 4mm at the most, and term " concrete " refers to by the obtained composition of thicker inserts.In the present invention, term " concrete " and " mortar " are not further distinguished.
As used in this application, term " unhardened concrete " refers to before formation fundamental strength, namely the concrete before final set, wherein said final setting time can measure according to GB/T50080-2002 (" Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete mixture standard ", 4th chapter, " mensuration time of setting ").
In an embodiment of the present invention, unhardened basalis is formed by being layed on mould by unhardened concrete, and it makes unhardened hardening of concrete and forms the basalis of sclerosis after maintenance.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after green concrete is layed in mould forms unhardened basalis, described unhardened basalis forms sandwich layer, described sandwich layer, by using the first polyurethane reaction system on described unhardened basalis, forms hard polyurethane foam to be used as described sandwich layer after described first polyurethane reaction system solidification.Wherein the first polyurethane reaction system can be the system being usually used in preparing hard polyurethane foam in this area, and in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the first polyurethane reaction system comprises:
1a) one or more polyisocyanates, described polyisocyanates can use general formula R (NCO)
nrepresent, wherein R represents the aliphatic alkyl containing 2-18 carbon atom or the aryl containing 6-15 carbon atom or contains 8-15 carbon atom aryl aliphatic hydrocarbyl, n=2-4; Preferred MDI and TDI performed polymer, monomer mixture; More preferably preferred MDI performed polymer, monomer mixture;
1b) one or more polyalcohols, the mean molecule quantity of described polyalcohol is 100-10000, and degree of functionality is 2-8; Preferably, described polyalcohol is selected from following one or more: with sucrose, glycerine, sorbierite or diethanol amine be initiator PPG, PEPA based on phthalic anhydride; With
1c) one or more blowing agents of 0.3-15wt.%, in 1b) weight by 100wt.%
1d) one or more catalyzer of 0-2wt.%, in 1b) and 1c) weight by 100wt.%.
Described first polyurethane reaction system can also comprise the auxiliary agent be usually used in this area, such as fire retardant, crosslinking agent, chain extender etc.
Described first polyurethane reaction system is applied on described unhardened basalis and can adopts method as known in the art, such as, spray and pour into a mould.According to the demand of reality, multilayer can use the first polyurethane reaction system, the thickness of the sandwich layer of preparation can be 20-100mm.
In preferred embodiments more of the present invention, before the first polyurethane reaction system is applied to unhardened basalis, first on described unhardened basalis, use the second polyurethane reaction system to form one or more layers hard polyurethane foam, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer material, thus formation separation layer, on described separation layer, then use above-mentioned first polyurethane reaction system to form sandwich layer.Wherein said second polyurethane reaction system can be the system being usually used in preparing hard polyurethane foam, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer in this area.Owing to containing more moisture and alkaline matter in the concrete for sclerosis, these materials can react with the first polyurethane reaction system, thus affect the performance of hard polyurethane foam.Separation layer can avoid the first polyurethane system to contact with unhardened concrete, thus avoids the performance damaging hard polyurethane foam.
In the present invention's preferred embodiment, described second polyurethane reaction system comprises:
2a) one or more polyisocyanates, described polyisocyanates can use general formula R (NCO)
nrepresent, wherein R represents the aliphatic alkyl containing 2-18 carbon atom or the aryl containing 6-15 carbon atom or contains 8-15 carbon atom aryl aliphatic hydrocarbyl, n=2-4; Preferred MDI and TDI performed polymer, monomer mixture; More preferably preferred MDI performed polymer, monomer mixture;
2b) polyalcohol and/or amine terminated polyether, described polyalcohol is selected from following one or more: PPG, PEPA, polycarbonate polyol, polycaprolactone polyol, polytetrahydrofuran polyol, the molecular weight of described polyalcohol and amine terminated polyether is greater than 100-8000, and degree of functionality is 2-6;
2c) one or more blowing agents of 0-15wt.%, in 2b) weight by 100wt.%; With
2d) one or more catalyzer of 0-2wt.%, in 2b) and 2c) weight by 100wt.%;
Described first polyurethane reaction system can also comprise the auxiliary agent be usually used in this area, such as fire retardant, crosslinking agent, chain extender etc.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the gel time of the second polyurethane reaction system is less than 40 seconds, is more preferably less than 20 seconds, is most preferably less than 10 seconds.The polyurethane reaction system reactivity with shorter gel time is higher, the moisture therefore in unhardened concrete and alkaline matter also less on its impact.
Hard polyurethane foam, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer material can be formed after second polyurethane reaction system solidification, thus form separation layer.The thickness of separation layer can be 1-20mm.The density forming the hard polyurethane foam of separation layer, soft polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomer material is 15-1000kg/m
3, be preferably 20-200kg/m
3, most preferably be 25-100kg/m
3.
Second polyurethane system can be applied on described unhardened basalis by the mode that this area is conventional, such as spraying or cast.
In an embodiment of the invention, on the sandwich layer formed, optionally use concrete that is unhardened or sclerosis, described unhardened concrete forms surface layer in maintenance after-hardening.The unhardened concrete be somebody's turn to do for the formation of surface layer can be identical or different with the unhardened concrete forming basalis.
In an embodiment of the present invention, method conventional in this area can be adopted to make described unhardened concrete sclerosis, such as, in this area, be usually used in the method for concrete curing.The maintenance process that this area is commonly used has natural curing, stream curing, dry hydrothermal curing, steam press maintenance, electrothermal hardening, infrared ray curing and solar energy curing etc.In an embodiment of the invention, by the assembly of above-mentioned gained temperature be 20 ± 3 DEG C, humidity be not less than the condition of 90% under maintenance until concrete reaches required intensity, obtain the described precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane.
The present invention also relates to a kind of precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane on the other hand, and the described precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane comprises:
A) basalis, described basalis is prepared by concrete;
B) sandwich layer, described sandwich layer is prepared by hard polyurethane foam; And
C) optional surface layer, described surface layer is prepared by concrete.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the described precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane also comprises: c) separation layer, described separation layer is arranged between described basalis and described sandwich layer, and contact with described basalis, described separation layer is by the second polyurethane reaction system preparation, and wherein said second polyurethane reaction system is described above.Wherein said separation layer can expand the process tolerance of sandwich layer, improves the heat-insulating property of hard polyurethane foam sandwich layer.
Precast concrete warm keeping element based on polyurethane of the present invention can be the precast concrete-polyurethane thermal insulation wallboard for exterior-wall heat insulation, also can be polyurethane heat-insulation concrete floor etc.
Precast concrete-polyurethane thermal insulation wallboard is except comprising basalis, sandwich layer, surface layer, optionally floated coat, architectural surface etc. can also be comprised, in addition according to the mounting method of warming plate, can the assemblies such as built-in fitting, lifting part, connector be set on heat-insulation wall plate.
Hereinafter, the invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments.Specific embodiment disclosed in this invention and method, its description is exemplary and nonrestrictive.