CN104744817A - 一种高浓度抗静电母粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高浓度抗静电母粒及其制备方法,其是由多孔性聚合物载体15-50份和抗静电剂50-90份制备而成:其中多孔性聚合物载体是由聚合物 80-95份、矿物填料1-10份、发泡剂0.01-5份、助泡剂0.01-0.5份、润滑剂0.01-0.3份制备而成。将抗静电剂加入到多孔性聚合物载体中进行混合,直至抗静电剂被完全吸附后出料,制得高浓度抗静电母粒。本发明制备得到的母粒中抗静电剂的浓度可高达70%以上;并可有效解决生产过程中抗静电剂分散不均、与树脂混炼较难等问题;本发明的制备工艺简单,易于操作,显著降低了劳动强度和成本,具有很强的价格优势,有利于工业化生产,并适于大规模的推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子技术领域,具体涉及一种高浓度抗静电母粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术和电子工业的高速发展,高分子复合材料的应用越来越广泛。高分子材料虽然具有电绝缘性能,但是在使用的过程中由于碰撞、摩擦、挤压等原因会产生静电;当静电聚集积累到一定程度,就会对各种敏感元件、仪器仪表、化工产品等产生强烈的干扰,严重的甚至会引发火灾、***等,从而给人身安全、工业生产和社会带来巨大的危害和经济损失。因此,在高分子材料的加工过程中,需要添加一定量的抗静电剂以减少或消除产生的静电。而目前现有的抗静电剂多是表面活性剂,可使高分子材料表面亲合水分,形成一个导电膜,从而产生的静电能及时地泄露出去而减少危险。
高分子材料中常用的抗静电剂都是以粒料、粉料和液体这三种形态存在,大多都是以母粒的形式添加到高分子材料中以实现均匀分散。传统的抗静电母粒制备方法是将抗静电剂和高分子树脂在混料机中混合均匀,经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出后造粒而成,这种方法有很大的局限性:一、抗静电剂在高分子材料中很难分散均匀,特别是粉料和液体的抗静电剂更难分散均匀;二、对于熔点比高分子材料低或者热稳定性差的抗静电剂,在双螺杆挤出机的加工的过程中会提前分解,使整个材料达不到抗静电的作用;三、抗静电剂的加入容易引起螺杆打滑,使挤出过程不稳定,增加加工的难度;四、抗静电母粒中起抗静电作用的成份含量不高,一般约在30%-45%。因此,目前需要制备一种易于分散和加工的高浓度抗静电母粒。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提出一种高浓度抗静电母粒及其制备方法,尤其是适用粉状和液体抗静电剂或低熔点、热稳定性差的抗静电剂来进行母粒的制备。
为了完成本发明的目的,采用的技术方案为:
一种高浓度抗静电母粒,其特征在于:由下述原料按重量份制备而成:多孔性聚合物载体15-50份,抗静电剂50-90份;
所述多孔性聚合物载体是由下述原料按重量份制备而成:
聚合物 80-95份
矿物填料1-10份
发泡剂0.01-5份
助泡剂0.01-0.5份
润滑剂0.01-0.3份。
进一步方案,所述的聚合物为聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)中的至少一种。
所述的抗静电剂选自烷基磺酸类抗静电剂、有机胺盐化物类抗静电剂中的至少一种。
所述的矿物填料为碳酸钙、钛白粉、硫酸钡、滑石粉中的至少一种。
所述的发泡剂为丁烷、二氧化碳、氮气中的至少一种。
所述的助泡剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯。
所述的润滑剂为氧化聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸酰胺、聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
本发明的另一个发明目的是提供上述高浓度抗静电母粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备多孔性聚合物载体:
将聚合物、矿物填料、发泡剂、助泡剂、润滑剂按比例进行充分的混合,然后加入挤出机中进行熔融共混,经挤出、冷却造粒后得到聚合物的初级颗粒;然后将聚合物的初级颗粒进行发泡,制备得到多孔性聚合物载体;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的多孔性聚合物载体在50-60℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中静置1-2h;
(3)将抗静电剂在50-90℃的恒温水浴箱中进行加热1-3h;
(4)将经步骤(2)干燥的多孔性聚合物载体和经步骤(3)处理的抗静电剂同时加入搅拌釜中,直至抗静电剂被多孔性聚合物载体完全吸附,制得高浓度抗静电母粒。
进一步方案,所述步骤(1)中的挤出机选自单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机、多螺杆挤出机或无螺杆挤出机;所述挤出机各段的温度为:第一段190~200℃、第二段190~210℃、第三段190~220℃、第四段190~220℃、机头210~230℃;挤出机螺杆转速为30~120转/分钟。
本发明制备的的抗静电母粒中抗静电剂的质量含量为50%-85.7%,其抗静电剂的浓度较高,用于高分子材料中对其改性以减少或消除产生的静电时的添加量较少,一般仅需添加占高分子材料质量的0.1%-2%。
本发明的高浓度抗静电母粒相对于现有技术具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明提供的抗静电母粒中抗静电剂的浓度高,所以在高分子材料中的添加量少,仅占高分子材料质量的0.1%-2%,这样少量的抗静电母粒加入后使其能均匀地分散在高分子材料中,从而不影响高分子材料本身所具有的性能,即使高分子材料可以保持良好的物理机械性能。
2、本发明采用自制的多孔聚合物载体由于具有相互贯通或封闭的孔洞构成网络结构,其具有较高的孔隙率;而抗静电剂的分子直径较小,且能自由的运动, 故在搅拌的作用下,多孔聚合物载体可以充分吸附抗静电剂从而制备出高浓度的母粒。
3、本发明提供的抗静电母粒的制备方法工艺简单,成本低,易于操作。
4、本发明多孔性聚合物载体及抗静电剂分别进行加热活化处理,从而更有利于多孔性聚合物载体与抗静电剂之间进行吸附,即而可以提高抗静电剂母粒的浓度,提高制备母粒的效率。
5、本发明的抗静电母粒为可自由流动的粒状,易计量,易混合,与粉状、液态的抗静电剂相比,更易于分散和加工。
具体实施方式
为更好理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述,本发明的具体实施方式仅限于对本发明做进一步的解释和说明,并不限制本发明的内容。
以下实施例中,多孔性聚合物载体采用双螺杆挤出机进行加工,挤出机熔融挤出的加工条件如下:第一温度区温度:190~200℃;第二温度区温度:190~210℃;第三温度区温度:190~220℃;第四温度区温度:190~220℃;机头温度:210~230℃;螺杆转速为30~120转/分钟;螺杆的长径比为36:1。
实施例1:
一种高浓度抗静电母粒的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将100g聚乙烯、800g聚丙烯、25g碳酸钙、50g丁烷、5g单硬脂酸甘油酯、1g氧化聚乙烯蜡进行充分的混合,在挤出机中熔融共混,挤出、冷却造粒后得到聚合物的初级颗粒;再将聚合物的初级颗粒进行发泡,制备得到多孔性聚合物载体,
(2)将(1)制备的多孔性聚合物载体在电热鼓风干燥箱中于50℃静置2h;
(3)将液体有机胺盐化物抗静电剂在50℃下恒温水浴箱中加热3h;
(4)将经步骤(2)干燥的多孔性聚合物载体100g和经步骤(3)处理的抗静电剂100g同时加入搅拌釜中,直至抗静电剂被多孔性聚合物载体完全吸附后出料,制得50%抗静电母粒。
实施例2:
(1)将850g聚苯乙烯、10g硫酸钡、10g二氧化碳、1g单硬脂酸甘油酯、1g氧化聚乙烯蜡、2g硬脂酸酰胺进行充分的混合,在挤出机中熔融共混,挤出、冷却造粒后得到聚合物的初级颗粒;再将聚合物的初级颗粒进行发泡,制备得到多孔性聚合物载体,
(2)将(1)制备的多孔性聚合物载体在电热鼓风干燥箱中于60℃静置1h;
(3)将液体有机胺盐化物抗静电剂在90℃下恒温水浴箱中加热1h;
(4)将经步骤(2)干燥的多孔性聚合物载体30g和经步骤(3)处理的抗静电剂170g同时加入搅拌釜中,直至抗静电剂被多孔性聚合物载体完全吸附后出料,制得85%抗静电母粒。
实施例3:
(1)将800g聚苯乙烯、150g聚乙烯、50g硫酸钡、50g钛白粉、20g二氧化碳、30g 氮气、5g单硬脂酸甘油酯、1g聚硅氧烷进行充分的混合,在挤出机中熔融共混,挤出、冷却造粒后得到聚合物的初级颗粒;再将聚合物的初级颗粒进行发泡,制备得到多孔性聚合物载体,
(2)将(1)制备的多孔性聚合物载体在电热鼓风干燥箱中于55℃静置1.5h;
(3)将液体有机胺盐化物抗静电剂在70℃下恒温水浴箱中加热2h;
(4)将经步骤(2)干燥的多孔性聚合物载体100g和经步骤(3)处理的抗静电剂300g同时加入搅拌釜中,直至抗静电剂被多孔性聚合物载体完全吸附后出料,制得75%抗静电母粒。
实施例4:
(1)将800g聚丙烯、10g硫酸钡、0.1g氮气、0.1g单硬脂酸甘油酯、0.1g氧化聚乙烯蜡、0.1g硬脂酸酰胺进行充分的混合,在挤出机中熔融共混,挤出、冷却造粒后得到聚合物的初级颗粒;再将聚合物的初级颗粒进行发泡,制备得到多孔性聚合物载体,
(2)将(1)制备的多孔性聚合物载体在电热鼓风干燥箱中于60℃静置2h;
(3)将液体有机胺盐化物抗静电剂在80℃下恒温水浴箱中加热1.5h;
(4)将经步骤(2)干燥的多孔性聚合物载体200g和经步骤(3)处理的抗静电剂300g同时加入搅拌釜中,直至抗静电剂被多孔性聚合物载体完全吸附后出料,制得60%抗静电母粒。
对比例1:
按照传统方法,将100g液体有机胺盐化物抗静电剂与150g聚丙烯树脂在混合机中进行混合均匀后,经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出切粒,制备40%的抗静电母粒。
对比例2:
按照传统方法,将100g粉状烷基磺酸类抗静电剂与120g聚丙烯树脂在混合机中混合均匀后,经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出切粒,制备45%的抗静电母粒。
比较实施例1-4和对比例1-2的母粒加工过程,结果如表1所示:
表1:实施例1-4和对比例1-2的母粒加工对比
物理性能 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
抗静电母粒中抗静电剂的浓度 | 50% | 85% | 75% | 60% | 40% | 45% |
加工状态 | 吸附完全,母粒表面干燥 | 吸附完全,母粒表面干燥 | 吸附完全,母粒表面干燥 | 吸附完全,母粒表面干燥 | 螺杆打滑,可制出母粒,小部分抗静电剂残留在挤出机中 | 螺杆严重打滑,难以挤出加工,无法制备出母粒 |
本发明采用自制的多孔聚合物载体作为吸附抗静电剂的载体,由于多孔聚合物载体具有相互贯通或封闭的孔洞构成网络结构,其具有较高的孔隙率;另外由于抗静电剂的分子的直径小,且能自由的运动, 故在搅拌的作用下,多孔聚合物载体可以充分地吸附抗静电剂,从而制备出高浓度的母粒。而对比例是将抗静电剂直接与聚丙烯树脂进行混合、挤出而成,抗静电剂在聚丙烯树脂中很难分散均匀,且会引起螺杆打滑,使挤出过程不稳定,增加加工的难度;从而导致抗静电母粒中起抗静电剂含量不高,抗静电作用有限。
另外,本发明制备的高浓度抗静电母粒中抗静电剂的含量高达85%,在高分子材料的加工过程中添加量小,分散更均匀,高分子材料可以保持良好的物理机械性能;而对比例中抗静电剂的含量仅为40-45%,在达到同样的抗静电作用时,其添加量必然增大,造成生产成本高。另外本发明的高浓度抗静电母粒的制备方法工艺简单,成本低,易于操作,尤其是适用于粉状和液体的抗静电剂或低熔点、热稳定性差的抗静电剂来进行母粒的制备。
如在本发明的制备组份中添加紫外光吸收剂、抗氧剂、光稳定剂、阻燃剂、着色剂等功能助剂,使抗静电母粒具有相应特性亦受本发明保护。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于这里的实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种高浓度抗静电母粒,其特征在于:由下述原料按重量份制备而成:多孔性聚合物载体15-50份,抗静电剂50-90份;
所述多孔性聚合物载体是由下述原料按重量份制备而成:
聚合物 80-95份
矿物填料1-10份
发泡剂0.01-5份
助泡剂0.01-0.5份
润滑剂0.01-0.3份。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的高浓度抗静电母粒,其特征在于:所述的聚合物为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1中所述的高浓度抗静电母粒,其特征在于:所述的抗静电剂选自烷基磺酸类抗静电剂、有机胺盐化物类抗静电剂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1中所述的高浓度抗静电母粒,其特征在于:所述的矿物填料为碳酸钙、钛白粉、硫酸钡、滑石粉中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1中所述的高浓度抗静电母粒,其特征在于:所述的发泡剂为丁烷、二氧化碳、氮气中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1中所述的高浓度抗静电母粒,其特征在于:所述的助泡剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯。
7.根据权利要求1中所述的高浓度抗静电母粒,其特征在于:所述的润滑剂为氧化聚乙烯蜡、硬脂酸酰胺、聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
8. 一种如权利要求1所述的高浓度抗静电母粒的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)制备多孔性聚合物载体:
将聚合物、矿物填料、发泡剂、助泡剂、润滑剂按比例进行充分的混合,然后加入挤出机中进行熔融共混,经挤出、冷却造粒后得到聚合物的初级颗粒;然后将聚合物的初级颗粒进行发泡,制备得到多孔性聚合物载体;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的多孔性聚合物载体在50-60℃的电热鼓风干燥箱中静置1-2h;
(3)将抗静电剂在50-90℃的恒温水浴箱中进行加热1-3h;
(4)将经步骤(2)干燥的多孔性聚合物载体和经步骤(3)处理的抗静电剂同时加入搅拌釜中,直至抗静电剂被多孔性聚合物载体完全吸附,制得高浓度抗静电母粒。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的挤出机选自单螺杆挤出机、双螺杆挤出机、多螺杆挤出机或无螺杆挤出机;所述挤出机各段的温度为:第一段190~200℃、第二段190~210℃、第三段190~220℃、第四段190~220℃、机头210~230℃;挤出机螺杆转速为30~120转/分钟。
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