CN1047428C - Mining and backfilling method suitable for inclined gentle-inclined medium-thickness ore body - Google Patents

Mining and backfilling method suitable for inclined gentle-inclined medium-thickness ore body Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1047428C
CN1047428C CN91103582A CN91103582A CN1047428C CN 1047428 C CN1047428 C CN 1047428C CN 91103582 A CN91103582 A CN 91103582A CN 91103582 A CN91103582 A CN 91103582A CN 1047428 C CN1047428 C CN 1047428C
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segmentation
filling
ore
stope
road
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CN1067477A (en
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魏宝林
杨和平
余斌
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Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
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Abstract

A method for mining and backfilling the inclined slowly-inclined medium-thickness ore includes such steps as dividing the adjacent stopes into mining areas by 60 deg. inclined walls, digging segmental connecting channels from slope, digging segmental chisel-loading channels and filling ventilation shaft, digging cutting shaft from segmental chisel-loading channels, making 60 deg. angle to horizontal, digging ore-drawing pass, setting reinforcing net retaining walls at both ends of chisel-loading channels, anchoring the cement roll bolts for fixing reinforcing bars to the surrounding rocks, and filling coarse-grain water sand.

Description

A kind of mining and earth-filling method that is applicable to the inclination gently inclined medium thick orebody
The present invention relates to a kind of mining methods, particularly a kind of mining and earth-filling method that is applicable to the inclination gently inclined medium thick orebody.
In general, the exploitation difficulty of inclination, gently inclined medium thick orebody is big, and the real row that belong to uneasily mining orebody mainly are difficult in stope roof control, ore handling and mineral deposit, ore pillar two step back production.Verify five/the last one that the reserves of this type of ore body of China account for the metal gross reserves according to geology department, therefore the research to the advanced mining methods of this ore body just has considerable effect with innovation.
Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming and defect of prior art, and provide a kind of stope roof control difficulty that solves, carry out continuously back production in the panel, pillar not is to solve a kind of mining methods that are applicable to the inclination gently inclined medium thick orebody of two step back production difficulties.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of back production placement method that matches with inclination gently inclined medium thick orebody mining methods.
One of purpose of the present invention is to realize by following technical scheme: its sequence of construction is for to be divided into the strip-type stope along orebody trend, to divide the exploiting field by 60 ° of skew walls between the adjacent stope, earlier from ramp pick segmentation connecting taxiway 2, again by segmentation connecting taxiway 2 each section of pick cutter dress road 1 and filling ventilating shafts 4, the cutting well is 60 ° of angles by pick on the segmentation cutter dress road and with level, and ore chute 3 is communicated with by pick on the haul road of stage casing and with segmentation connecting taxiway 2; Its mutual alignment connected relation is: segmentation cutter dress road 1 is arranged in segmentation along the inferior horn position that ore body tilts, and its two ends communicate with segmentation connecting taxiway 2, and segmentation connecting taxiway 2 is arranged in the edge of exploiting field both wings; The two ends of segmentation connecting taxiway connect ramp and segmentation cutter dress road 1 respectively and communicate with ore chute 3, the ore chute 3 that is arranged on the exploiting field both wings communicates with the horizontal haul road of segmentation connecting taxiway 2 and stage casing respectively, segmentation cutting well is communicated with the filling ventilating shaft 4 of close ore body roof, filling ventilating shaft 4 is arranged in the highest point of the close ore body roof in whole pilot production district and is communicated with cutting well and last stage casing master's return airway respectively, the filling pipeline enters stope by the filling ventilating shaft, and the dirty wind of stope enters the main return airway in a last stage casing by filling ventilating shaft 4.
Its back production placement method is provided with the steel mesh reinforcement filter retaining wall at first adopting at cutter dress 1 two ends, road, around barricade, adopt common brick to build by laying bricks or stones again, reserve rectangle drainage mouth in the middle of the filter retaining wall, around in the country rock anchor establish the cement-roll anchor pole 7 that is used for fixing reinforcing bar, weld round steel 8 on the anchor pole 7 and constituting the steel mesh reinforcement 9 that grid is 0.3 * 0.5m, again in stope one side with steel mesh reinforcement 9, a complete reinforcing bar filter retaining wall is formed in the filtering material colligation that knit nylon cloth and straw curtain are formed on steel mesh reinforcement, then casting resin is passed on leather belt reshipment machine and is discharged into blending bunker through oscillating feeder, mix with classified tailings and water again and make mortar and be delivered to the stope that skew wall arranges filling is carried out in the skew wall goaf at 60 ° of angles, then at first from leaning on bottom first segmentation along the ore body tendency, consolidated fill is adopted in the intact back of this substoping in back production; With the artificial roof pillar as next substoping, a segmentation connects a segmentation and carries out back production successively then, and the obturation side forms 60 ° of skew walls between adjacent sectional, and with chaste tree fragrant plant rod reinforcing skew wall obturation, so that divide intersegmental no ore pillar.
Therefore remarkable result of the present invention is as follows:
Because skew wall is arranged the mineral deposit, realized the continuous exploitation of ore body, fundamentally solved inclination, the problem of gently inclined orebody two step back production difficulties, since taked chaste tree fragrant plant rod reinforce the skew wall obturation stabilizing measures, so the amount of collapsing is collapsed in filling when having reduced next substoping, the ore dilution of having avoided obturation to collapse and fall to causing, because the obturation side forms 60 ° of skew walls, there is not ore pillar between the segmentation, can carry out the cutter dress road of a follow-up segmentation and the driving of cutting well during a feasible last segmentation medium-length hole Drilling or the filling, to form the back production filling and to adopt accurate construction parallel operations, in an exploiting field, realized adopting, pick, go out, fill continuous or parallel operations, accelerated drawing speed, improve production capacity.
The present invention realizes by the following examples and accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the front perspective view of mining methods of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the right parallax stereogram of mining methods of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is for adopting the accurate diagrammatic side view of arranging.
Fig. 4 is for adopting the accurate diagrammatic top view of arranging.
Fig. 5 is pre-buried chaste tree fragrant plant rod schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is steel mesh reinforcement filter retaining wall Facad structure figure.
Fig. 7 is a steel mesh reinforcement filter retaining wall side-looking structure chart.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-7 concrete structure of the present invention is described in detail.
Stope arranges that along orebody trend length is 50-60 rice, and stope width (along inclined direction) is 8 meters, and is high 8 meters, carries out to divide when orebody thickness surpasses 8 meters and adopts.Ore body is divided into the strip-type stope, divides by 60 ° of skew walls between the adjacent stope, the obturation after the goaf filling just forms 60 ° of skew walls like this.These mining codes are adopted accurate engineering and are comprised: segmentation cutter dress road 1, and segmentation connecting taxiway 2, ore chute 3 and filling ventilating shaft 4, kiloton is adopted accurate than being 16.5 meters/kiloton.Segmentation cutter dress road 1 is arranged in the inferior horn position of segmentation along the ore body tendency, and specification is 3 * 3m, and mainly as the usefulness of segmentation medium-length hole Drilling and electric LHD ore removal, its two ends communicate with the segmentation connecting taxiway.Segmentation connecting taxiway 2 is arranged in the edge of exploiting field both wings, specification is 3 * 3m, except adorning the coupling part, road with the segmentation cutter, all dig in the ore body chassis, its two ends connect ramp and segmentation cutter dress road respectively, and communicate with ore chute, the segmentation connecting taxiway is both as the operation main line of scraper in the connection roadway of each segmentation and the ore removal process, simultaneously the allocation and transportation tunnel of parking as each segmentation air intake lane and equipment again.Ore chute 3 communicates with the horizontal haul road of segmentation connecting taxiway and stage casing respectively, and specification is 2 * 2m, for quickening the operation of stope ore removal, respectively arranges an ore chute at the exploiting field both wings.Segmentation cutting well be arranged near the two ends of stope or middle part all can, the segmentation of cutting well is 60 ° of angles by pick on the cutter dress road with level, specification is 2 * 2m, the cutting well is communicated with filling ventilating shaft near ore body roof, this well is done stope ventilation and walkway usefulness simultaneously.Filling ventilating shaft 4 is arranged in the highest point of whole pilot production district near ore body roof, and specification is 2 * 2m, and it is communicated with cutting well and last stage casing master's return airway respectively.The filling pipeline enters stope by the filling ventilating shaft, and the dirty wind of stope enters the main return airway in a last stage casing, the also double usefulness of doing walkway of this well simultaneously by the filling ventilating shaft.Fig. 3,4.
Above-mentioned adopting in the accurate engineering, segmentation connecting taxiway, ore chute and filling ventilating shaft basically can be in the disposable pick in whole pilot production district well, and segmentation cutter dress road can only one segmentation then a segmentation tunnel successively.
The order of adopting accurate construction is earlier from ramp segmentation connecting taxiway, and then by the segmentation connecting taxiway by design pick each segmentation cutter dress road and filling ventilating shaft, pick cutting well from segmentation cutter dress road, ore chute is then by pick and segmentation connecting taxiway UNICOM on the haul road of stage casing.The back production of these mining codes is at first from leaning on first segmentation of bottom along the ore body tendency, consolidated fill is adopted in the intact back of this substoping, artificial roof pillar as next substoping, be right after and carry out the coarse granule hydraulic filling, the segmentation that makes progress is then followed a segmentation and is carried out back production, between the adjacent sectional, obturation 5 sides form 60 ° of skew walls, pillar not between the segmentation, can carry out the cutter dress road of a follow-up segmentation and the driving of cutting well during a last segmentation medium-length hole Drilling or the filling, to form the back production filling and to adopt accurate construction parallel operations, in an exploiting field, carry out and adopt, pick, go out, fill continuous or parallel operations, to accelerate drawing speed, improve production capacity.
It is as follows that stope top board working vehicle handles the turquoise measure:
Because exploiting field orebody thickness difference, the stope roof control has two kinds, the one, and when orebody thickness during greater than 8m, primary excavation highly has only 8 meters, and the stope balkstone is firm, only needs after the explosion with stope top board working vehicle processing top board and lateral wall turquoise; The 2nd, when orebody thickness is less than or equal to 8m, then should before the fan shaped medium length hole segment blast, carries out the pre-control top and handle, promptly at first cut the top and cement-roll bolt support stope top board is installed.Stope top board working vehicle adopts motor and oligosaprobic diesel engine two cover dynamical systems, come lifting, balance and swing in the realization work by electronically controlled hydraulic system, this working vehicle's operation height can reach 12m, the operation width can reach more than the 9m, it also is used for other operations such as the installation of stope roofbolt, powder charge except that the processing that is used for stope top board and sidewall turquoise.
Skew wall arranges and to have realized the continuous exploitation of ore body in the mineral deposit, fundamentally solved the problem of inclination, gently inclined orebody two step back production difficulties.
Stability for the skew wall obturation of strengthening into 60 ° of angles, taked chaste tree fragrant plant rod 6 to reinforce the measure of skew wall obturation stability, promptly in the packing job process, skew wall near a last segmentation goaf, (get big value every 2~3 meters height by the stope base plate, get the small value by the stope top board) shop one deck chaste tree fragrant plant rod, purpose is to play the effect of reinforcing rib, can strengthen the stability of skew wall casting resin, between the stope just without pillar, when reducing next substoping casting resin collapse the amount of collapsing, thereby realize reducing ore dilution; Ore body is realized continuous stoping in the panel.
Mining technology is adopted accurate each link of back production processing top board turquoise and is all realized a whole set of mechanized: use the jumbo perforating, the explosive loader powder charge from the developing of arteries and veins outslope road.
With electric LHD ore removal (bucket capacity is 0.75 cube).In a segmentation, carry out the operation of two-shipper class Three, the unit one man operation.Ore loads and unloads ore chute by scraper from stope, by the granby car dress ore deposit of 1.2 cubes of 7 tons of locomotive haulages, by stage casing haulage way and crossdrift transhipment, pours vertical shaft master ore storage bin into again.
Through test, when the haul distance in stope dress ore deposit is 40m, it is 3 ' 30 that each average dress that struggles against is driven the time "; 1.33 tons in average every bucket dress ore deposit, scraper per hour ore removal ability is 22.8 tons, under normal circumstances; machine-team efficient can reach 120~150 tons; can satisfy the requirement of mine production to ore removal work fully, if adopt bigger (as 1.5 cubes or 2 cubes) the electric LHD ore removal of bucket capacity, then ore removal machine-team efficient can be brought up to 200~300 tons.
The present invention has adopted the fan shaped medium length hole ore deposit that falls, and stope top board working vehicle handles turquoise, safeguards that top board and trackless equipment enter measures such as stope by ramp and connecting taxiway.
Explosion; Take the multidirectional short-delay blasting of many rows once to become cutting vertical-horizontal groove and double with the dual sorrowful ore falling mode that detonates of section many rows elementary errors to ore caving.
Use self-control ammophos shaped explosive charge, adopt millisecond (or half second) non-electric nonel tube one detonating fuse one blasting cap initiation system.Length by not powder charge of aperture is generally 1.5~2.0~3.0m, and coefficient of charge is 0.6~0.7, stemming stemming length 0.2m.Between big gun hole, take different powder charge series, with utilization rate and the loud formation of minimizing that improves blasting energy with row and row and row.
The purposes of a cutting vertical-horizontal groove of many multidirectional short-delay blastings of row are to be a large amount of ore cavings, the scope of freedom of creating explosion and certain compensation space, it to last be a very the key link to the fan shaped medium length hole ore caving.The formation of cutting vertical-horizontal groove is that to utilize cutting well both sides bucket~5 rows to go up to fan shaped medium length hole be the scope of freedom with the cutting well, and each artillery salvo hole is staggered divides 7~8 sections once detonation grooving.The explosion of cutting vertical-horizontal groove, coefficient of charge generally should be less than 0.7, by the program connection network that detonates of design.
Double is after cutting vertical-horizontal groove forms with the dual lateral caving that detonates of section many rows elementary errors, promptly can carry out a large amount of ore cavings for scope of freedom gradation by cutting groove.Each explosion 8~10 artillery salvo holes, per two artillery salvo holes are installed detonating fuse and millisecond detonator with section in each big gun hole simultaneously, and one time ore caving length is 12~15 meters.1500~2000 tons of rock yields.
Adopt coarse granule hydraulic filling technology bashing.
Coarse granule hydraulic filling material is without cement, it is to load and transport to bunker after Crushing Station processing, during filling, casting resin in the storage sand storehouse is changeed leather belt reshipment machine and is discharged into blending bunker through oscillating feeder, mix with classified tailings and water and make mortar, through the adjusting of inflow-rate of water turbine and concentration, mortar is delivered to the stope that skew wall is arranged by boring and pipeline.Filling is carried out in the skew wall goaf that becomes 60 ° of angles.
Before filling operation began, cutter dress two ends, road will be provided with filter retaining wall, adopt common brick to build by laying bricks or stones around the steel mesh reinforcement filter retaining wall, and purpose is in order to prevent crack race sand and to guarantee the casting resin fast dewatering.Its thickness is 0.38m, reserves rectangle drainage mouth in the middle of the filter retaining wall, and specification is two of 1.5 * 3.5m.Around the country rock anchor establish the cement-roll anchor pole that is used for fixing reinforcing bar, the round steel 8 of welding 18mm on anchor pole 7, being welded into grid is the steel mesh reinforcement 9 of 0.3 * 0.5m, main muscle inserts in the barricade thick rock all around, again stope one side with filtering material colligations such as steel mesh reinforcement, knit nylon cloth and straw curtains on steel mesh reinforcement, form a complete steel mesh reinforcement filter retaining wall.Referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7.
Main economic and technical indices of the present invention sees Table 1.
Every major technique feature of mining method by filling coarse wet sand on slope wall of the present invention, its technology mainly shows following several respects:
(1) skew wall is arranged stope, has realized the continuous exploitation of ore body between the panel, has fundamentally solved the problem of inclination gently inclined orebody two step back production difficulties.
(2) across pitch is provided with the strip-type stope, the mining rock drilling, and the loading drift across pitch arranges, for condition has been created in the employing of trackless equipment, thereby solved the problem of inclination gently inclined medium thick orebody stope haulage difficulty.
(3) on the roof control problem, adopt top board working vehicle, thereby solved the 3rd difficult problem one roof control problem of inclination gently inclined medium thick orebody exploitation preferably.
(4) adopt coarse granule hydraulic filling technology bashing, make the mining filling process reach certain level.
(5) each link of mining technology has all realized mechanization, the jumbo rock drilling, and the explosive loader powder charge, the electric LHD ore removal, top board working vehicle handles turquoise, forms a whole set of trackless equalization, can improve production capacity of mining field.
(6) adopted cutting vertical-horizontal groove of the multidirectional short-delay blasting of many rows and double with the dual lateral caving new technology of detonating of section many rows elementary errors on process for stoping, the ore deposit amount that once falls is big, has created condition for improving production capacity.
(7) adopt the airtight goaf of steel mesh reinforcement filter retaining wall first, drainage is effective, and drainage is fast, and does not run sand, has reduced the subsurface environment pollution.
(8) technical measures of employing mixed filling material and pre-buried chaste tree fragrant plant rod have guaranteed the stable of skew wall obturation, have avoided obturation to collapse and have fallen to causing ore dilution.The unsteady middle thickness orebody of top board is taked to cut earlier the top measure, not only completely cut off sneaking into of roof rock, and reduced the loss of ore.So this mining methods ore losses and rate of dilution index are all very low.
Main economic and technical indices summary table 1
Sequence number project unit index remarks
1 stope integrated production capacity ton per day 192
2 work plane mining efficiency ton/work teams 30.8
3 chassis rock penetration performance ton/machine-teams 116.4
4 scraper ore removal efficient ton/machine-teams 120~150
5 mining cost unit/tons 10.59
6 packing job cost unit/m 9.31
7 ore loss ratio % 8.45
8 ore dilution rate % 6.83
9 adopt standard than m/ kiloton 16.4

Claims (2)

1, a kind of mining methods that are applicable to the inclination gently inclined medium thick orebody is characterized in that; Its sequence of construction is for to be divided into the strip-type stope along orebody trend, to divide the exploiting field by 60 ° of skew walls between the adjacent stope, earlier from ramp pick segmentation connecting taxiway (2), dig each section cutter dress road (1) and filling ventilating shaft (4) by segmentation connecting taxiway (2) again, the cutting well is gone up pick and is 60 ° of angles with level by segmentation cutter dress road (1), the cutting well is communicated with the filling ventilating shaft of close ore body roof, and ore chute (3) is communicated with by pick on the haul road of stage casing and with segmentation connecting taxiway (2); Its mutual alignment connected relation is: segmentation cutter dress road (1) is arranged in segmentation along the inferior horn position that ore body tilts, and its two ends communicate with segmentation connecting taxiway (2), and segmentation connecting taxiway (2) is arranged in the edge of exploiting field both wings; The two ends of segmentation connecting taxiway connect ramp and segmentation cutter dress road (1) respectively and communicate with ore chute (3), the ore chute (3) that is arranged on the exploiting field both wings communicates with the horizontal haul road of segmentation connecting taxiway (2) and stage casing respectively, segmentation cutting well is communicated with the filling ventilating shaft (4) of close ore body roof, filling ventilating shaft (4) is arranged in the highest point of the close ore body roof in whole pilot production district and is communicated with cutting well and last stage casing master's return airway respectively, the filling pipeline enters stope by the filling ventilating shaft, and the dirty wind of stope enters the main return airway in a last stage casing by filling ventilating shaft (4).
2, a kind of earth-filling method that matches with the described mining methods of claim 1, it is characterized in that: its back production placement method is provided with the steel mesh reinforcement filter retaining wall at first adopting at cutter dress two ends, road (1), around barricade, adopt common brick to build by laying bricks or stones again, reserve rectangle drainage mouth in the middle of the filter retaining wall, around in the country rock anchor establish the cement-roll anchor pole (7) that is used for fixing reinforcing bar, on anchor pole (7), weld round steel (8) and constitute the steel mesh reinforcement that grid is 0.3 * 0.5m (9), again in stope one side with steel mesh reinforcement (9), a complete reinforcing bar filter retaining wall is formed in the filtering material colligation that knit nylon cloth and straw curtain are formed on steel mesh reinforcement, then casting resin is passed on leather belt reshipment machine and is discharged into blending bunker through oscillating feeder, mix with classified tailings and water again and make mortar and be delivered to the stope that skew wall arranges filling is carried out in the skew wall goaf at 60 ° of angles, then at first from leaning on bottom first segmentation along the ore body tendency, consolidated fill is adopted in the intact back of this substoping in back production; With the artificial roof pillar as next substoping, a segmentation connects a segmentation and carries out back production successively then, and the obturation side forms 60 ° of skew walls between adjacent sectional, and with chaste tree fragrant plant rod reinforcing skew wall obturation, so that divide intersegmental no ore pillar.
CN91103582A 1991-06-03 1991-06-03 Mining and backfilling method suitable for inclined gentle-inclined medium-thickness ore body Expired - Fee Related CN1047428C (en)

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