CN104719665A - Edible fungus processing feed capable of improving utilization rate of ruminants for rape stalks and preparation method of edible fungus processing feed - Google Patents
Edible fungus processing feed capable of improving utilization rate of ruminants for rape stalks and preparation method of edible fungus processing feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an edible fungus processing feed capable of improving utilization rate of ruminants for rape stalks. The edible fungus processing feed is prepared from 1%-10% of wheat, and 90%-99% of rape stalks and edible fungus. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the edible fungus processing feed. The rape stalks are processed by the edible fungus used by the method; after solid fermentation for 25-75 days, the CP content of the rape stalks, and the degradation rate of nutrients such as DM, OM, NDF, ADF and ADL can be significantly improved; the in-vitro rumen digestibility and the enzymatic digestion rate of organic substances of the rape stalks, and the activity of manganese peroxidase in a fermentation liquid are improved; and the content of a beneficial component chitin in the rape stalks is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural feed processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of edible mushroom process feed improving rape stalk utilization rate.The invention still further relates to the preparation method of this feed.
Background technology
China's rapeseed cultivation area is large, rape stalk aboundresources.Containing a large amount of carbohydrate such as cellulose, hemicellulose in rape stalk, it is the important feed source of ruminant.But in producing, rape stalk is not widely used in livestock breeding industry, major part is directly burned or decomposition also field, not only wastes resource, goes back serious environment pollution.Trace it to its cause and be, rape stalk degree of lignification is high, stalk is thick and stiff, palatability is poor; In rape stalk, lignin and cellulose form firm ester bond structure, and rumen microorganism is difficult to degraded to it.If do not process process, can animal feed intake be affected, reduce production performance.Adopt the mode such as acidifying, alkalization process rape stalk at present, but its residual soda acid can damage to animal itself more, and contaminated environment.Compared with chemical method, utilize microbial fermentation technology process rape stalk, then green, safe, pollution-free, and palatability and the utilization rate of feed can be improved.Lenlinus edodes (
l. edodes) process wheat straw, straw, corn stalk time, there is the ability of higher lignin degrading, can while lignin degrading, only a small amount of material such as loss cellulose, hemicellulose.But have not yet to see the report of such bacterial classification process rape stalk.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention improves for a kind of Lenlinus edodes process feed improving rape stalk ruminant rate.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical programs:
Improve an edible mushroom process feed for rape stalk ruminant rate, be made up of the wheat of 1-10% and the rape stalk of 90-99%, it is characterized in that: also containing edible mushroom.
As preferably, described edible mushroom buys the Lenlinus edodes in Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, deposit number 50040,
lentinula edode; Or the flat lead fungi of yellow spore bought in Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, deposit number 30553,
phanerochaete chrysosporium; Or the worm bought in Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center intends wax bacterium, deposit number 31512,
ceriporiopsis Subvermispora; Or the maple life bought in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center penetrates arteries and veins lead fungi, deposit number 5.814,
phlebia acerina.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of this edible mushroom process feed, the steps include:
(1) wheat culture medium makes: by wheat boiling water boiling 30-50 min, drain, wheat water content controls at 50-70%; Add the calcium carbonate accounting for wheat weight 0.1-0.5% and the calcium sulfate accounting for wheat weight 0.5-1.0% again, be uniformly mixed;
(2) edible mushroom wheat is cultivated: taken out from 4 DEG C of refrigerators preserved by edible mushroom, cuts 1cm with inoculation shovel from mushroom test tube strains
2bacterium block carry out cultivation activation, by the strain inoculation after activation in 1-4 kg wheat culture medium, 20-30 DEG C of lucifuge cultivates 10-20 days, regularly turns over even every 1-5 days;
(3) rape stalk solid fermentation: the rape stalk that water content 5-20% is dry prescinds to 1-1.5 cm, mix with the mass ratio of edible mushroom wheat by 90-99:1-10 according to rape stalk, then water is added, the moisture of mixture is made to reach 60%, again mixture is loaded in a reservoir, use covered rearing with plastic film above, at 20-25 DEG C of solid fermentation 50 d.
In order to obtain better technique effect, in step (1), drain rear wheat water content and control 65%, calcium carbonate addition elects 0.2% as, and calcium sulfate addition is preferably 0.8%; In step (2), edible mushroom activation process is: aseptically, be seeded on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium with the bacterium block that inoculation shovel cuts 1cm2 from mushroom test tube strains, 25 DEG C of constant temperature culture 7 days, select pure white, sturdy, dense, the free of contamination test tube slant of mycelia as bacterial classification, be inoculated in wheat culture medium; In step (3), the mass ratio of rape stalk and edible mushroom wheat is preferably 95-97:3-5.
The edible mushroom process rape stalk used in the present invention, after the solid state fermentation of 25-75d, the degradation rate of the nutrients such as rape stalk CP content and DM, OM, NDF, ADF, ADL can be significantly improved, improve manganese peroxidase enzymatic activity in the vitro Rumen digestibility of rape stalk organic substance and enzymolysis, digestion rate and zymotic fluid, improve rape stalk beneficiating ingredient chitin content and improve.
Detailed description of the invention
Technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
comparative example
A kind of rape stalk ruminant feed, is made up of the wheat of 3-5% and the rape stalk of 95-97%.
embodiment 1
A kind of edible mushroom process feed improving rape stalk ruminant rate, be made up of the wheat of 3-5% and the rape stalk of 95-97%, it is characterized in that: also containing Lenlinus edodes, buy the Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center from being positioned at No. 12, South Street, Zhong Guan-cun, BeiJing, China, deposit number 50040, Lentinula edode.
embodiment 2
A kind of edible mushroom process feed improving rape stalk ruminant rate, be made up of the wheat of 3-5% and the rape stalk of 95-97%, it is characterized in that: also containing the flat lead fungi of yellow spore, buy the Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center from being positioned at No. 12, South Street, Zhong Guan-cun, BeiJing, China, deposit number 30553, Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
embodiment 3
A kind of edible mushroom process feed improving rape stalk ruminant rate, be made up of the wheat of 3-5% and the rape stalk of 95-97%, it is characterized in that: also intend wax bacterium containing worm, buy the Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center from being positioned at No. 12, South Street, Zhong Guan-cun, BeiJing, China, deposit number 31512, Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora.
embodiment 4
A kind of edible mushroom process feed improving rape stalk ruminant rate, be made up of the wheat of 3-5% and the rape stalk of 95-97%, it is characterized in that: also penetrate arteries and veins lead fungi containing maple is raw, buy the China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center from being positioned at No. 3, No. 1, North Star West Road, Chaoyang District, city of BeiJing, China institute, deposit number 5.814, Phlebia acerina.
embodiment 5
Described in embodiment 1, the preparation method of edible mushroom process feed, the steps include:
(1) wheat culture medium makes: by wheat boiling water boiling 40 min, drain, wheat water content controls 65%; Add the calcium carbonate accounting for wheat weight 0.2% and the calcium sulfate accounting for wheat weight 0.8% again;
(2) Lenlinus edodes wheat culture medium inoculated and cultivation: taken out from 4 DEG C of refrigerators preserved by Lenlinus edodes, carry out cultivation activation, its activation process is: aseptically, cuts 1cm with inoculation shovel from mushroom test tube strains
2bacterium block be seeded on potato dextrose agar (PDA) strain activation and culture base, 20 DEG C of constant temperature culture 5 days, select pure white, sturdy, dense, the free of contamination test tube slant of mycelia as bacterial classification, be inoculated in 2kg wheat culture medium, 30 DEG C of lucifuges cultivate 10 days, regularly turned over even every 3 days, the surface to wheat culture medium more than 90% covers with mycelia;
(3) rape stalk solid fermentation: the dish stalk of water content 5% is prescinded to 1-1.5 cm, the mass ratio being 97:3 according to rape stalk and mushroom bacterium wheat culture medium mixes, then water is added, the moisture of mixture is made to reach 60%, be filled in indoor water mud sump, compacting, above with covered rearing with plastic film, carry out aerobic fermentation, at 25 DEG C of solid fermentation 50 d.Cement pit size is determined according to treating capacity.
embodiment 6
Described in embodiment 2, the preparation method of edible mushroom process feed, the steps include:
(1) wheat culture medium makes: by wheat boiling water boiling 30 min, drain, wheat water content controls 50%; Add the calcium carbonate accounting for wheat weight 0.1% and the calcium sulfate accounting for wheat weight 1.0% again;
(2) yellow spore flat lead fungi wheat culture medium inoculated and cultivation: taken out from 4 DEG C of refrigerators preserved by flat for yellow spore lead fungi, carry out cultivation activation, its activation process is: aseptically, cuts 1cm with inoculation shovel from mushroom test tube strains
2bacterium block be seeded on potato dextrose agar (PDA) strain activation and culture base, 25 DEG C of constant temperature culture 7 days, select pure white, sturdy, dense, the free of contamination test tube slant of mycelia as bacterial classification, be inoculated in 1kg wheat culture medium, 20 DEG C of lucifuges cultivate 15 days, regularly turned over even every 1 day, the surface to wheat culture medium more than 90% covers with mycelia;
(3) rape stalk solid fermentation: the dish stalk of water content 20% is prescinded to 1-1.5 cm, the mass ratio (w/w) being 95:5 according to rape stalk and yellow spore flat lead fungi wheat culture medium mixes, then water is added, the moisture of mixture is made to reach 60%, be filled in fermentation tank, aerobic fermentation is carried out above, at 20 DEG C of solid fermentation 75d with covered rearing with plastic film.Fermentation tank size is determined according to treating capacity.
embodiment 7
Described in embodiment 3, the preparation method of edible mushroom process feed, the steps include:
(1) wheat culture medium makes: wheat is used boiling water boiling 50min, drain, wheat water content controls 70%; Add the calcium carbonate accounting for wheat weight 0.5% and the calcium sulfate accounting for wheat weight 0.5% again;
(2) worm intends wax bacterium wheat culture medium inoculated and cultivation: worm is intended wax bacterium and take out from 4 DEG C of refrigerators preserved, and carry out cultivation activation, its activation process is: aseptically, cuts 1cm with inoculation shovel from mushroom test tube strains
2bacterium block be seeded on potato dextrose agar (PDA) strain activation and culture base, 30 DEG C of constant temperature culture 10 days, select pure white, sturdy, dense, the free of contamination test tube slant of mycelia as bacterial classification, be inoculated in 4kg wheat culture medium, 25 DEG C of lucifuges cultivate 20 days, regularly turned over even every 2 days, the surface to wheat culture medium more than 90% covers with mycelia;
(3) rape stalk solid fermentation: dish stalk dry for water content 15% is prescinded to 1-1.5 cm, intending wax bacterium wheat culture medium according to rape stalk and worm is that the mass ratio (w/w) of 90:10 mixes, then water is added, the moisture of mixture is made to reach 60%, be filled in tank body, compacting, above with covered rearing with plastic film, at 20 DEG C of solid fermentation 60 d.Tank body size is determined according to treating capacity.
embodiment 8
Described in embodiment 4, the preparation method of edible mushroom process feed, the steps include:
(1) wheat culture medium makes: by wheat boiling water boiling 45 min, drain, wheat water content controls 60%; Add the calcium carbonate accounting for wheat weight 0.4% and the calcium sulfate accounting for wheat weight 0.7% again;
(2) maple is raw penetrates arteries and veins lead fungi wheat culture medium inoculated and cultivation: arteries and veins lead fungi is penetrated in maple life and takes out from 4 DEG C of refrigerators preserved, carry out cultivation activation, its activation process is: aseptically, cuts 1cm with inoculation shovel from mushroom test tube strains
2bacterium block be seeded on potato dextrose agar (PDA) strain activation and culture base, 28 DEG C of constant temperature culture 9 days, select pure white, sturdy, dense, the free of contamination test tube slant of mycelia as bacterial classification, be inoculated in 3kg wheat culture medium, 22 DEG C of lucifuges cultivate 17 days, regularly turned over even every 5 days, the surface to wheat culture medium more than 90% covers with mycelia;
(3) rape stalk solid fermentation: the dish stalk of water content 10% is prescinded to 1-1.5 cm, be that the mass ratio (w/w) of 99:1 mixes according to the raw arteries and veins lead fungi wheat culture medium of penetrating of rape stalk and maple, then water is added, the moisture of mixture is made to reach 60%, be filled in indoor water mud sump, use covered rearing with plastic film above, at 30 DEG C of solid fermentation 25d.Cement pit size is determined according to treating capacity.
embodiment 9
Carried out measuring its nutrient content by feed described in comparative example and embodiment 1-4, it the results are shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, edible fungus fermented process changed dramatically in the chemical composition of rape stalk.Compared with control group, the CP content of embodiment 1-4 group rape stalk improves 103%, embodiment 1-4 group compared with control group significantly reduce rape stalk NDF, ADF, cellulose, lignin content (
p<0.001).Compared with control group, edible mushroom of the present invention be significantly increased rape stalk chitin content (
p<0.001).
embodiment 10
Feed described in comparative example and embodiment 1-4 is carried out the test determination of cud In Vitro Fermentation, its process of the test is: rumen fluid picks up from straw of feeding before raising morning: three fistula Jin Jiang River oxes of fine fodder (7:3), rumen fluid mixes in 1:2 ratio and buffer solution after four layers of filtered through gauze, continues to pass into CO
2to saturated.In the fermentation flask of 250 mL, add the 50 d samples of 500 mg and the cud mixed liquor of 60 mL, 39 DEG C of constant temperature oscillations ferment 48 h.All samples does three repetitions, the impact that blank group (not adding sample) causes for correcting organic matter residual in rumen fluid.After 48 h, fermentation flask is put into 4 DEG C and stop fermentation, with the glass pot (G weighed
1) filtration residue, suction filtration, 65 DEG C of oven dry, for calculating IVOMD, measure its organic substance degradation rate and enzymatic hydrolyzation.Measurement result is in table 2.
As shown in Table 2, compared with control group, Lenlinus edodes process makes IVOMD be increased to 0.42%, Enzymatic OMD by 0.28% and is increased to 0.38% by 0.27%.
embodiment 11
Feed described in comparative example and embodiment 1-4 is carried out enzyme activity determination, and its measurement result is in table 3.
As shown in table 3, in the edible fungus fermented liquid of rape stalk, the manganese peroxidase enzymatic activity of Lenlinus edodes group is 2.32 U/L, and for the activity of carboxymethylcelluloenzyme enzyme, Lenlinus edodes group is 10.56U/L.
embodiment 12
Feed described in comparative example and embodiment 1-4 is carried out nutrient degraded to measure, its measurement result is in table 4.
As shown in Table 4, through the solid state fermentation of edible mushroom 50 d, the degradation rate of the nutrients such as rape stalk DM, OM, NDF, ADF, ADL of edible mushroom processed group increases substantially.
Claims (6)
1. improve an edible mushroom process feed for rape stalk ruminant rate, be made up of the wheat of 1-10% and the rape stalk of 90-99%, it is characterized in that: also containing edible mushroom.
2. edible mushroom process feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described edible mushroom is buy the Lenlinus edodes in Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, deposit number 50040,
lentinula edode; Or the flat lead fungi of yellow spore bought in Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center, deposit number 30553,
phanerochaete chrysosporium; Or the worm bought in Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center intends wax bacterium, deposit number 31512,
ceriporiopsis Subvermispora; Or the maple life bought in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center penetrates arteries and veins lead fungi, deposit number 5.814,
phlebia acerina.
3. the preparation method of edible mushroom process feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the steps include:
(1) wheat culture medium makes: by wheat boiling water boiling 30-50 min, drain, wheat water content controls at 50-70%; Add the calcium carbonate accounting for wheat weight 0.1-0.5% and the calcium sulfate accounting for wheat weight 0.5-1.0% again, be uniformly mixed;
(2) edible mushroom wheat is cultivated: taken out from 4 DEG C of refrigerators preserved by edible mushroom, cuts 1cm with inoculation shovel from mushroom test tube strains
2bacterium block carry out cultivation activation, by the strain inoculation after activation in 1-4 kg wheat culture medium, 20-30 DEG C of lucifuge cultivates 10-20 days, regularly turns over even every 1-5 days;
(3) rape stalk solid fermentation: the rape stalk that water content 5-20% is dry prescinds to 1-1.5 cm, mix with the mass ratio of edible mushroom wheat by 90-99:1-10 according to rape stalk, then water is added, the moisture of mixture is made to reach 60%, again mixture is loaded in a reservoir, use covered rearing with plastic film above, at 20-25 DEG C of solid fermentation 50 d.
4. the preparation method of edible mushroom process feed as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (1), drain rear wheat water content and control 65%, calcium carbonate addition elects 0.2% as, and calcium sulfate addition is preferably 0.8%.
5. the preparation method of edible mushroom process feed as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (2), edible mushroom activation process is: aseptically, cuts 1cm with inoculation shovel from mushroom test tube strains
2bacterium block be seeded on potato dextrose agar, 25 DEG C of constant temperature culture 7 days, select pure white, sturdy, dense, the free of contamination test tube slant of mycelia as bacterial classification, are inoculated in wheat culture medium.
6. the preparation method of edible mushroom process feed as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (3), the mass ratio of rape stalk and edible mushroom wheat is preferably 95-97:3-5.
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| CN115191515A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-18 | 南京高新工大生物技术研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of functional straw fermented feed |
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