A kind of braking system with hydraulic assisting force
Technical field
The invention belongs to automobile power brake technical field, it is related to a kind of braking system with hydraulic assisting force, it is more particularly to a kind of
Suitable for the braking system with hydraulic assisting force of electric car.
Background technology
Increasingly serious with World Environment Problems and energy crisis, countries in the world are all encouraging research and development unit exploitation various
The new-energy automobile of type, to tackle the environment become increasingly complex and energy problem.New-energy automobile mainly include gas combustion automobile,
Fuel cell electric vehicle, pure electric automobile, liquefied petroleum gas automobile, hydrogen-powered vehicles, hybrid vehicle, solar energy
Automobile and other new-energy automobiles etc..Its discharge amount of exhaust gas is than relatively low, using regenerative resource, clean environment firendly, and integrated car
The advanced technology of aspect, the automobile that designing technique is advanced, structure is novel, with wide market application foreground.
New-energy automobile progressively replaces orthodox car to be a kind of inevitable motor trend.Wherein, it is electronic
Automobile it is with the fastest developing speed, it is big, affected by environment small with energy density compared with other new energy such as Hydrogen Energy, solar energy
Etc. lot of advantages.With the development of the technologies such as water power, nuclear power, following electric energy exploitation also will increasingly clean environment firendly.So, including
Many countries of the world including China are all supporting the development of vehicle technology energetically.
Most of traditional car uses vacuum servo servo brake system, manpower and power is participated in braking jointly,
The burden of driver can be mitigated, driver comfort is improved.The brakes vacuum booster unit of traditional combustion engine car it is true
Empty source comes from motor intake manifold, and vacuum negative pressure typically can reach 0.05~0.07MPa.For pure electric vehicle or fuel
Battery car, after engine assembly is removed, brakes loses vacuum servo function due to no vacuum power source, only by
The need for brake force produced by manpower can not meet service brake, therefore need to change brakes vacuum booster unit
System.Add electric vacuum pump to produce the negative pressure required for power-assisted between pedal and master cylinder on some electric cars, although can
To solve the problems, such as power-assisted, but electric vacuum booster pump volume is larger, it is difficult to arrange, control effect is also not ideal.Therefore, it is right
For electric car, the new energy assisted braking system that exploitation is adapted to electric car is a very necessary thing.
Brake fluid system experienced the development of decades, be a kind of brakes of stabilization at present, in electric car
It is a kind of reliable method that upper use hydraulic pressure, which carries out power brake,.Some present mechanisms have developed some hydraulic assisting brakes
System, than more typical energy storage type braking system with hydraulic assisting force and plunger pump type braking system with hydraulic assisting force.Energy storage type
Energy assisted braking system needs to use high-speed switch valve so that control gets up difficulty than larger, continues to press inside accumulator during power-assisted
The fluctuation of power is larger, and switch valve cost is higher.In plunger pump type braking system with hydraulic assisting force, the direct power-assisted of plunger pump,
Control accuracy is relatively low, is pressurized low-response, it is also desirable to use high-speed switch valve, and driver feels and comfortableness is poor.
At present, the research of some braking system with hydraulic assisting force has been done by some research units.From in general terms, now
Braking system with hydraulic assisting force mainly have two schemes:Braking system with hydraulic assisting force based on accumulator and the liquid based on plunger pump
Press energy assisted braking system.
Such as China Patent No. is a kind of 200510115432.8 " braking system with hydraulic assisting force " patent of invention, the hydraulic pressure
Energy assisted braking system includes electronic control unit, pump oil assembly, accumulator, high-pressure switch, hydraulic oil pot and oil circuit, electronics
Control unit is electrically connected with high-pressure switch, pump oil assembly respectively, and pump oil assembly is respectively connected with oil can, accumulator.Work as storage
When pressure is less than certain value in energy device, pump oil assembly is opened, and into accumulator, fuel feeding pressurizes, when pressure reaches certain value, pump
Oily assembly is stopped.Electronic control unit carries out Power assisted control by the opening and closing of controlling switch valve to master cylinder.The patent is used
Switch valve structure causes control to get up difficulty than larger, and the fluctuation for continuing accumulator internal pressure during power-assisted also can be to power-assisted effect
Considerable influence is produced with pedal sense.
For example China Patent No. is a kind of 201320439577.3 " complemental brake system " utility model patent again, and this is auxiliary
Brake apparatus is helped to include pedal simulator, electronic control unit and master cylinder hydraulic pressure adjustment unit, master cylinder hydraulic pressure adjustment unit includes
Fuel tank, plunger pump and switch valve etc..Plunger pump is opened during braking, is pressurizeed to master cylinder ante-chamber, carries out power-assisted;When stopping braking, open
Open ante-chamber switch valve pressure release, the master cylinder piston return in the presence of return spring.The patent uses the direct power-assisted of plunger pump, supercharging
Low-response.In the event of failure, because master cylinder ante-chamber with lubricating cup without being directly connected, fluid infusion can be relatively difficult during braking.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to overcome the problem of prior art is present there is provided one kind without switch valve
Structure, pumping rate are fast, possess the novel hydraulic energy assisted braking system of failure backup and good pedal sense;Especially for electricity
There is provided a kind of simple in construction and dependable performance braking system with hydraulic assisting force for motor-car.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization, it is described with reference to the drawings as follows:
A kind of braking system with hydraulic assisting force, including electronic control unit 1, motor 2, roller screw mechanism 3, servo-cylinder 4, turn
Angle transducer 5, lubricating cup 6, three chamber master cylinders 7, brake pedal 8 and push rod 9;
The electronic control unit 1 is connected with motor 2;
The motor 2 is connected with roller screw mechanism 3;
The roller screw mechanism 3 is rigidly connected with the servo-cylinder piston 43 in servo-cylinder 4;
The servo-cylinder 4 is connected by oil circuit with three chamber master cylinders 7;
The servo-cylinder 4 is connected by oil circuit with lubricating cup 6;
The brake pedal 8 is fastenedly connected with the rigidity of push rod 9;
The push rod 9 is inserted into three chamber master cylinders 7;
The brake pedal 8 is connected with the rotary angle transmitter 5;
The rotary angle transmitter 5 is connected with the electronic control unit 1.
Three chamber master cylinders 7 described in technical scheme include master cylinder end cap 74, master cylinder body 84, the and of master cylinder first piston 71
Master cylinder second piston 77;
The master cylinder end cap 74 is fixedly connected with master cylinder body 84, provided with sealing between master cylinder end cap 74 and master cylinder body 84
Circle 75;
Three chamber master cylinders 7 are separated into three chamber master cylinders by the master cylinder first piston 71 and master cylinder second piston 77
One chamber 85, three chamber master cylinder the second chambers 86 and three chamber master cylinders, 87 3 chambers of the 3rd chamber;
The first chamber of the three chambers master cylinder 85 is provided with three the first chamber of chamber master cylinder oil inlets 79;
The second chamber of the three chambers master cylinder 86 is provided with the first oil inlet 76 and the first oil-out 80;
The chamber 87 of three chambers master cylinder the 3rd is provided with the second oil inlet 78 and the second oil-out 82.
Described in technical scheme boss and cylinder flat board 73 with holes are provided with three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85;It is described to push away
Bar 9 is fixedly connected with cylinder flat board 73 with holes, and is inserted into three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85;In boss and circle with holes
Provided with sensation simulation spring 72 between post flat board 73;
The first return spring 81 is provided with the second chamber of the three chambers master cylinder 86;
The second return spring 83 is provided with the chamber 87 of three chambers master cylinder the 3rd.
Servo-cylinder 4 described in technical scheme is provided with fluid infusion 41, oil return opening 42 and servo-cylinder oil-out 44;
Servo-cylinder 4 is separated into 46 2 chambers of the first chamber of servo-cylinder 45 and the second chamber of servo-cylinder by the servo-cylinder piston 43
Room;
The servo-cylinder oil-out 44 is connected by oil circuit with the first chamber oil inlet 79 on three chamber master cylinders 7;
The fluid infusion 41 and oil return opening 42 are joined directly together by oil circuit with lubricating cup 6.
The initial position of servo-cylinder piston described in technical scheme 43 is between fluid infusion 41 and oil return opening 42, with oil return opening
42 distance is less than 1mm.
First oil inlet 76 described in technical scheme and the second oil inlet 78 are connected with lubricating cup 6 respectively, and described first is fuel-displaced
The oil-out 82 of mouth 80 and second is connected by the A1 of pipeline I, the A2 of pipeline II with wheel cylinder respectively.
Spacing is provided between master cylinder first piston described in technical scheme 71 and the end of push rod 9.
The operation principle of braking system with hydraulic assisting force of the present invention is:During normal brake application, when driver steps on braking
Pedal 8, the braking intention of the automatic data collection driver of rotary angle transmitter 5, and it is transferred to electronic control unit 1, electronic control unit 1
Rotated according to the braking intention controlled motor 2 of driver, rotary motion be converted into travel forward by roller screw mechanism 3,
Servo-cylinder piston 43 is promoted to travel forward, fluid infusion 41 can be at any time to the fluid infusion of the first chamber of servo-cylinder 45, when servo-cylinder piston 43
When just starting to move forward, oil return opening 42 is not yet closed, but initial position and the oil return opening 42 of servo-cylinder piston 43 distance very
Short, oil return opening 42 is closed by piston 43 quickly, after closing between servo-cylinder the second chamber 46 and three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85
Confined space is formed, oil pressure can be set up, when servo-cylinder piston 43 is continued to move to, pass through brake fluid in servohydraulic cylinder 4
Pipeline enters three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 46, is pressurized it, promotes master cylinder first piston 71 and second piston 77 forward
It is mobile, so as to realize power brake.When just starting braking, due to having certain interval, people between push rod 9 and master cylinder first piston 71
Power is provided solely for line traffic control signal, and power-assisted is not participated in directly.Continue to step on brake pedal 8 so that push rod 9 overcomes gap and master cylinder
First piston 71 is contacted, and now manpower is also added into, promotes master cylinder first piston 71 to move forward, and is jointly system with motor 2
It is dynamic that power-assisted is provided.On the contrary, when driver stops braking, electronic control unit 1 can be anti-according to driver intention controlled motor 2
Turn so that servo-cylinder piston 43 is moved backward so that formed between servo-cylinder the second chamber 46 and three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85
Closing space oil pressure reduce, master cylinder first piston 71 and second piston 77 can gradually returns, push rod 9 under return spring effect
Also initial position can be returned in the presence of simulation spring 72 is felt, when servo-cylinder piston 43 crosses oil return opening, closing space
It is connected with lubricating cup, oil pressure disappears, when servo-cylinder piston 43 continues return, oil return opening 42 can be mended from the second chamber of trend servo-cylinder 46
Liquid, until servo-cylinder piston 43 returns to initial position.
The principle that braking system with hydraulic assisting force of the present invention carries out pedal sense simulation is:Refering to Fig. 2, push rod 9 leads to
The hole for crossing a good seal is inserted into three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85, and push rod 9 and a cylinder flat board 73 with holes are tight
It is solidly connected, two openings is with outside cylinder flat board 73 with holes, have one between cylinder flat board 73 with holes and the projection at the middle part of master cylinder 7
It is individual to feel simulation spring 72, provide pedal sense simulation to driver.When driver steps on pedal 8, push rod 9 is to reach
Dynamic, cylinder flat board 73 with holes can also be moved forward therewith, felt that simulation spring 72 is compressed simultaneously, produced a reaction
Power, is acted on cylinder flat board 73 with holes, and then is delivered on brake pedal 8, enables a driver to one feedback of impression
Power.Because the stroke of this active force and pedal 8 is linear, it is possible to produce good pedal sense to driver,
Realize pedal sense analog functuion.When driver stops braking, in the presence of simulation spring 72 is felt, brake pedal 8
Can be with self-return.
The failure back-up job principle for the braking system with hydraulic assisting force that the present invention is provided is:When servomechanism breaks down
When, driver's brake pedal 8 can also promote push rod 9 to travel forward, behind the gap for overcoming push rod 9 and first piston 71,
Promote master cylinder first piston 71 to move forward, realize backup braking;At the same time, servo-cylinder liquid return hole 42 is connected with lubricating cup 6, is helped
It is also very easy that liquid is returned in the fluid infusion of the second chamber of power cylinder 46.During Panasonic's pedal 8, feel that simulation spring 72 can also make the return of pedal 8.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
Braking system with hydraulic assisting force of the present invention, directly uses motor screw structure, and the rotary motion of motor is turned
The translation of piston is turned to, it is easy to control flexible, and switch electromagnetic valve is eliminated, simple in construction, supercharging response is fast.
Braking system with hydraulic assisting force of the present invention, can also play manpower effect in the event of failure, carry out effective
Manual braking, possesses good failure backup functionality, it is ensured that the braking safety under extreme case.
Braking system with hydraulic assisting force of the present invention, pedal sense is simulated using compression spring, can be carried to driver
For good pedal sense.
Braking system with hydraulic assisting force of the present invention, pedal is joined directly together with master cylinder, compared with traditional mechanism change compared with
It is small, and electric cylinders are connected by pipeline with master cylinder, can freely be arranged on vehicle, flexible structure.
The present invention can realize the effect of the big stroke power-assisted of small stroke line traffic control, can very easily repack into and be returned with energy
The brake apparatus of receipts system.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is braking system with hydraulic assisting force structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is push stick connecting structure schematic diagram inside three chamber master cylinders;
In figure:
1- electronic control units;2- motors;3- roller screws mechanism;4- servo-cylinders;41- fluid infusions;42- oil return openings;43-
Servo-cylinder piston;44- servo-cylinder oil-outs;The chamber of 45- servo-cylinders first;The chamber of 46- servo-cylinders second;5- rotary angle transmitters;6- oil
Cup;
The chamber master cylinders of 7- tri-;71- master cylinder first pistons;72- feels simulation spring;Cylinder flat board with holes 73-;74-
Master cylinder end cap;75- sealing rings;The oil inlets of 76- first;77 master cylinder second pistons;The oil inlets of 78- second;The chamber master cylinders of 79- tri-
First chamber oil inlet;The oil-outs of 80- first;The return springs of 81- first;The oil-outs of 82- second;The return springs of 83- second;84-
Master cylinder body;The first chambers of chamber master cylinder of 85- tri-;The second chambers of chamber master cylinder of 86- tri-;The chamber of tri- chamber master cylinders of 87- the 3rd;8-
Brake pedal;9- push rods;A1- pipelines I;A2- pipelines II
Embodiment
The present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
The braking system with hydraulic assisting force that the present invention is provided, including electronic control unit 1, motor 2, roller screw mechanism 3, help
Power cylinder 4, rotary angle transmitter 5, lubricating cup 6, three chamber master cylinders 7, sensation simulation spring 72, cylinder flat board 73 with holes, braking are stepped on
Plate 8, push rod 9 etc..Rigidly it is fastenedly connected between brake pedal 8 and push rod 9, push rod 9 is inserted into by the through hole of master cylinder end cap 74
Three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85, push rod 9 is fastenedly connected with cylinder flat board 73 with holes, and the both sides of cylinder flat board 73 with holes have two
Individual opening, for keeping flat board both sides oil pressure identical, enables push rod normal movement.In the middle part of cylinder lithographic plate 73 with holes and master cylinder
There is one to feel simulation spring 72 between projection, pedal sense simulation is provided to driver.Servo-cylinder piston 43 and roller screw
Mechanism 3 is rigidly connected, and servo-cylinder oil-out 44 is connected by oil circuit with three the first chamber of chamber master cylinder oil inlets 79, fluid infusion 41
It is joined directly together with oil return opening 42 by oil circuit with lubricating cup 6, the initial position of servo-cylinder piston 43 is in fluid infusion 41 and oil return opening 42
Between, the distance with oil return opening 42 is close, about 1mm.Lubricating cup 6 and master cylinder the first oil inlet 76 and the second oil inlet 78 difference phase
Even, the first oil-out 80 and the second oil-out 82 are connected by A1, A2 pipeline with wheel cylinder respectively.
The braking system with hydraulic assisting force that the present invention is provided has two kinds of mode of operations:Normal brake mode and backup braking mould
Formula.
Under normal brake mode, when driver's brake pedal 8, the system of the automatic data collection driver of rotary angle transmitter 5
It is dynamic to be intended to, and electronic control unit 1 is transferred to, electronic control unit 1 is rotated according to the braking intention controlled motor 2 of driver,
Rotary motion is converted into travel forward by roller screw structure 3, promotes servo-cylinder piston 43 to travel forward, fluid infusion 41 can
So that to the fluid infusion of the first chamber of servo-cylinder 45, when servo-cylinder piston 43 just starts to move forward, oil return opening 42 is not yet closed at any time, but
The distance of the initial position of servo-cylinder piston 43 and oil return opening 42 is very short, and oil return opening 42 is closed by piston quickly, is being helped after closing
A confined space is formed between power cylinder the second chamber 46 and three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85, oil pressure can be set up, work as servo-cylinder
When piston 43 is continued to move to, the brake fluid in the second chamber of servo-cylinder 46 is set to enter three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85 by pipeline,
It is pressurized, promotes master cylinder first piston 71 and master cylinder second piston 77 to move forward, so as to realize power brake.Just open
When beginning to brake, due to there is gap between push rod 9 and master cylinder first piston 71, manpower is provided solely for line traffic control signal, is not engaged in helping
Power.Continue to step on brake pedal 8 so that push rod 9 overcomes gap and contacted with master cylinder first piston 71, now manpower is also added to system
Dynamic system, power-assisted is provided with motor 2 for three chamber master cylinders 7 jointly.On the contrary, when driver stops braking, Electronic Control list
Member 1 can be inverted according to driver intention controlled motor 2 so that servo-cylinder 4 is moved backward, and the volume of the second chamber of servo-cylinder 46 becomes
Greatly so that the closing space volume increase formed between servo-cylinder the second chamber 46 and three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 85, oil pressure subtracts
Small, master cylinder first piston 71 and master cylinder second piston 77 are respectively in the presence of the first return spring 81 and the second return spring 83
Can gradually return, brake pedal 8 also can return to initial position in the presence of simulation spring 72 is felt, when servo-cylinder piston 43 to
After when moving across oil return opening, the closing space formed before is connected by oil return opening 42 with lubricating cup 6, and oil pressure disappears.Work as power-assisted
When cylinder piston 43 continues return, oil return opening 42 can be from the fluid infusion of the second chamber of trend servo-cylinder 46, until servo-cylinder piston 43 is returned to just
Beginning position.
When motor 2 breaks down, it is impossible to when moving, backup braking mode is automatically turned on.Driver's brake pedal 8
Push rod 9 can be promoted to travel forward, after push rod 9 overcomes the gap with master cylinder first piston 71 directly with master cylinder first piston
71 contacts, can promote master cylinder first piston 71 and master cylinder second piston 77 to move forward, manual braking can be smoothed out, real
Now backup braking;At the same time, three the first chambers of chamber master cylinder 73 are connected by the second chamber of servo-cylinder 46 with lubricating cup 6, and fluid infusion is returned
Liquid is also very easy.This pattern ensure that effective brake in failure conditions, and guarantee is provided for the security of vehicle.
The internal structure of three chamber master cylinders 7 is an emphasis of this patent, and three chamber systems are discussed in detail down with reference to Fig. 2
The internal structure of dynamic master cylinder 7.Such as Fig. 2, the system includes master cylinder first piston 71, feels that simulation spring 72, cylinder with holes are put down
Plate 73, master cylinder end cap 74, sealing ring 75, the first oil inlet 76, master cylinder second piston 77, the second oil inlet 78, three chambers braking master
The first chamber of cylinder oil inlet 79, the first oil-out 80, the first return spring 81, the second oil-out 82, the second return spring 83, master cylinder
Cylinder body 84, three chamber master cylinder the first chambers 85, three chamber master cylinder the second chambers 86, the chamber 87 of three chamber master cylinder the 3rd, push rod 9
Deng.This three chamber master cylinder 7 is three-chamber master cylinder, and three chamber master cylinder the second chambers 86 and the 3rd chamber 87 are connected with traditional bicavate
Master cylinder arrangement principle is essentially identical, and the first chamber internal structure is introduced here.The master cylinder end that push rod 9 passes through a good seal
Lid 74 is extend into the first chamber, but has between master cylinder first piston 71 certain spacing.Master cylinder end cap 74 and master cylinder body 84
Between be connected through a screw thread, between there is a sealing ring 75 to be sealed.Push rod 9 and a cylinder flat board 73 with holes are connected,
Two, the outside of cylinder flat board 73 hole with holes is used for keeping both sides oil pressure identical, and cylinder flat board 73 with holes plays one to push rod 9
Individual guide effect.There is one to feel simulation spring between the projection inside the chamber master cylinder 7 of cylinder flat board 73 and three with holes
72, when brake pedal 8, push rod 9 is moved forward, and cylinder flat board 73 with holes is shifted along, cylinder flat board with holes
Sensation simulation spring 72 between 73 and projection is compressed, and can produce good sensation simulation.Under the small stroke of pedal, because
At regular intervals between push rod 9 and master cylinder first piston 71, now manpower does not provide power-assisted directly, is only to provide a line traffic control
Dynamic signal, only servo-cylinder 4 individually can carry out power-assisted to three chamber master cylinders 7, it is possible to achieve the function of small stroke line traffic control.When
After one segment distance of movement of push rod 9 is contacted with master cylinder first piston 71, manpower also can directly provide power-assisted, realize that the power-assisted of people is made
With.