CN104697873A - Sulfide stress corrosion cracking testing apparatus - Google Patents
Sulfide stress corrosion cracking testing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN104697873A CN104697873A CN201510100839.7A CN201510100839A CN104697873A CN 104697873 A CN104697873 A CN 104697873A CN 201510100839 A CN201510100839 A CN 201510100839A CN 104697873 A CN104697873 A CN 104697873A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an axial tensile loading testing apparatus and particularly relates to a sulfide stress corrosion cracking testing apparatus. The testing apparatus at least comprise a container, sample chucks and a support frame, wherein a sample to be tested is arranged in the container; the sample chucks are arranged on both ends of the container and the support frame is used for fixing the sample chucks; the sample chucks and the sample to be tested are co-axially arranged and the sample chucks can reciprocate on the support frame along the axial direction. The apparatus is characterized in that each sample chuck includes a chuck part and a loading part; the chuck part is used for directly fixing both ends of the sample to be tested, the loading part is co-axially arranged together with the chuck part and is matched with the support frame; the articulated shaft axis of the chuck parts and the loading parts is perpendicular to the axis of the sample chuck. According to the apparatus, loads exerted in a testing process can be precisely detected, and thus bending moments forming on the sample can be eliminated in a loading process, the accuracy of the testing results can be effectively ensured, and the operation is reliable, steady and efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the test unit that a kind of axial tension loads, particularly relate to the sulfide-stress cracking test unit in the test of a kind of sulphide stress corrosion, sample being carried out to axial tension loading and metering.
Background technology
Along with China's sustained and rapid development of economy, we are also increasing for the demand of the energy, and the clean energy resourcies such as current nuclear energy, wind energy can't replace the fossil energy such as oil, rock gas, and H
2s is one of hazardous medium of most corrosion in oil and natural gas.Along with the exploitation of Oil & gas field in sulfur and the continuous increase of imported high sulfur crude oil processing capacity, hydrogen sulfide medium corrosion failure has penetrated in the drilling of petroleum gas, conveying and processing industry, burn into sulfide-stress cracking and hydrogen induced cracking is there is in increasing carbon steel and low alloy steel equipment, pressure vessels and pipes in wet hydrogen sulfide environment, wherein, sulfide corrosion cracking having the greatest impact to material, danger coefficient is also the highest.
For above-mentioned condition, nowadays the various metal material contacted with oil and natural gas such as the components such as winning apparatus, conveyance conduit, valve all need to carry out material the detection of resisting sulfide stress corrosion crack performance.GB GB/T 4157-2006 and American Standard ASTM0177-2005 specifies test unit and test method, active section by sample immerses in specific sulfide corrosion media environment, and certain stress (stress intensity is determined according to the material of material) is applied to sample, whether to rupture or whether active section occurs crackle through observing sample after a period of time, the resisting sulfide stress corrosion crack performance of material is passed judgment on this, wherein the most frequently used with the test method applying constant axial drawing stress on sample.
At present, above-mentionedly apply in the test method of constant axial drawing stress on sample, conventional Sample devices mainly still relies on permanent load device and stress loop device, wherein, permanent load device realizes on sample, apply constant tensile load mainly through counterweight, and stress loop device is then on sample, produce tensile load by compression stress ring.Permanent load device carrys out control load by counterweight, and device is huge, take up room large, need a large amount of counterweights, carrying is inconvenient and working control precision is poor, and especially counterweight is in etchant gas and is easily corroded, thus the as easy as rolling off a log accuracy affecting test findings.Stress loop device is applied comparatively general at present, described by its structure all has in the notification number Chinese patent text of patent name for " loading method of sulphide stress corrosion uniaxial tensile test and supervisory system " that be CN101988879A, be out of shape by stress loop when it uses and carry out imposed load, each stress loop has matched curve and the relation formula of a distinctive stress loading and deflection, according to the stress level that material require applies, calculate the deflection of stress loop, and after-applied external force makes stress loop be out of shape, the stress loading size of applying is weighed by measuring deflection, often there is following problem in it: first, in above-mentioned measurement deflection process, dial gauge is adopted or vernier caliper measurement all has error during practical operation, when adopting dial gauge, this measurement is exactly inaccurate theoretically, owing to not fixing bottom stress loop, can deform under effect of stress, but this part distortion adopt dial gauge measure time be measure less than, when adopting vernier caliper measurement stress loop deflection, this measurement can be very accurate in theory, but practical operation is got up, measuring error is larger, vernier caliper measurement be the distance of point-to-point transmission, error will be produced when measured two points are not on same perpendicular, theory calculate shows, when measured 2 in the vertical directions skew 3 degree, the measuring error produced is:
D in above formula
0for stress loop diameter, D
0=220mm;
When stress loop loading stress reaches 500MPa, between the displacement 1.5 ~ 2mm (relevant with the range of stress loop) of stress loop, 15% ~ 20% is reached for the measuring error produced the equipment that this needs accurately load, considerably beyond measuring error in process of the test 0 ~ 5% scope, this in process of the test be considered to measure inaccurate; Secondly, in current structure, the each position of stress loop is threaded connection, there are not other active links, when imposed load, if the fixture disalignment of sample and loading, sample just can produce additional bending moment, disalignment phenomenon is more obvious, and moment of flexure is larger, as affect test findings accuracy one large hidden danger often by testing crew is ignored; Finally, as the stress loop of core status in device, reality is originated all dependence on import, high operation and maintenance cost, and also and use universal to the reality of its device brings larger obstruction.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is and overcomes above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of and be suitable for practical sulfide-stress cracking test unit, this equipment perfect hardware platform that has been the test builds of sulfide-stress cracking, thus the load that can accurately apply in detection experiment process, eliminate the moment of flexure formed on sample in loading procedure, and then effectively can ensure the accuracy of its test findings, its reliable and stable work and efficiency is high.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of sulfide-stress cracking test unit, at least comprise the container for holding corrosive medium, sample to be tested is mounted with in described container, this device also comprise be arranged in container two ends clamp sample to be tested with the sample chuck of the sample to be tested that stretches for two ends, this device also comprises the bracing frame for fixing sample chuck, described sample chuck and the coaxially arranged and sample chuck of sample to be tested axially can do shift reciprocately action along it on bracing frame, it is characterized in that: described sample chuck comprise direct affixed sample two ends to be tested place chuck portion and with its coaxially arranged for form the loading unit coordinated between bracing frame, described chuck portion with form hinged cooperation between loading unit, and both jointed shaft axes normal sample chuck axis arranged.
Described chuck portion comprises the lower jaw of the upper jaw that clamps sample upper end to be tested and clamping sample bottom to be tested, and described upper jaw and lower jaw place are arranged vertically each other each other for the jointed shaft axis coordinated with corresponding loading unit.
Described sample chuck comprises the connector for being connected chuck portion and loading unit, and one end of connector forms hinged cooperation with between chuck portion, and between the other end and loading unit, screw thread is affixed.
Described loading unit is for loading screw rod, and form between loading unit and bracing frame and be slidably matched, the other end place of the sample place relatively to be tested end on loading unit is furnished with for coordinating to load with bracing frame or the nut portions of spacing sample chuck; Described nut portions comprises the loading nut coordinated with one of them sample chuck and the stop nut coordinated with another sample chuck, is folded with the thrust bearing being convenient to exert a force between the respective face of described loading nut and bracing frame.
This device also comprises the data collection module for monitoring and obtain test figure, and described data collection module comprises the load transducer for monitoring sample chuck imposed load, and described load transducer is arranged in chuck portion and/or loading unit place.
Described load transducer to be located on one section of loading unit between thrust bearing mating surface corresponding to bracing frame and respectively with formation face between above-mentioned parts against coordinating, load transducer is pressure transducer, and this load transducer is electrically connected outside numerical control and digital display parts.
Support frame as described above comprises pedestal and is arranged in the lower donor on pedestal, and described lower donor upper cover is provided with donor, and the semi-circular inner chamber of upper and lower donor encloses the support body being formed and possess the above-mentioned bracing frame of circular inner chamber; Upper donor top center vertical runs through its roof and is furnished with through hole for coordinating with loading unit, the coaxially arranged through hole of corresponding above-mentioned through hole on lower donor, pedestal has with lower donor through hole corresponding position the square opening being convenient to wear loading unit, and each loading unit respectively and form between corresponding each hole and be slidably matched.
The square hole width at described pedestal lower surface place is greater than through-hole diameter on lower donor, and this device also comprises the spring steel backing plate of arc shaped tile tabular; Described spring steel backing plate is sheathed on loading unit, and with intrados being arranged in the square opening of pedestal towards lower direction, donor place, and the extrados of this spring steel backing plate with form between stop nut against coordinating.
Major advantage of the present invention is:
1) the lack of uniformity problem of the transfers load in traditional structure, is overcome, adopt the sample holder header structure of radial type, thus guarantee the transfers of load, and then the loop device extremely incident additional bending moment when actual tests that can effectively eliminate stress.Time even in the structure being applied to unstressed ring, the axial self-regulation object for respective loads can be played equally, finally effectively ensure and even improve the accuracy of its test findings, its reliable and stable work and efficiency is high.
2), as present invention further optimization scheme, select between the jointed shaft at its top and the bottom place in being arranged vertically each other herein.In other words, the jointed shaft being positioned at sample two ends to be tested place in fact entirety constitutes the structure of " crossed joint ", thus the elimination of the optimized additional bending moment produced when ensure that and sample chuck is loaded and self-regulation.
3), the layout of connector, ensure that loading unit is connected with the effective of chuck portion.While the realization for aforesaid crossed joint structure provides precondition, in turn ensure that the affixed stability of loading unit, its features simple structure and practical degree is high.
4), as the matching relationship of sample chuck and the bracing frame specialized, this sentences the arrangement of stop nut and loading nut, thus achieves sample chuck self reliably relative to the affixed cooperation of the movable of bracing frame.Dependence can bear the design of the thrust bearing of huge axial force distribution, not only ensure that the convenience during loading nut rotation when operating, and it also avoid to load nut and contact brought rubbing wear each other with direct between bracing frame simultaneously, achieves many things at one stroke.
5), by maneuvering load sensor, change the physical parameter of measurement, change into ergometry by measurement displacement, substantially increase the precision of measurement, ensure that the accuracy that test loads.Also can consider, by suitably arranging digital display equipment, to show the load be applied on sample in real time, to ensure that the degree of accuracy of loading, reduce the possibility of excessive loads.Load transducer is arranged in upper donor top, had both reduced the overall height of device, added the compactness of structure, make again device entirety more reliable and stable simultaneously.
6), be positioned at the spring steel backing plate coordinated with stop nut at lower donor place, the stress being not only conducive to reducing tapping is concentrated; Too increase the deflection of single unit system simultaneously, be beneficial to the stability maintaining load.When a little distortion appears in device or sample, because the accumulation of energy effect of spring steel backing plate distortion, load is made only to there will be very little decline, to guarantee the stability of device work.
7) opposite, by possessing the upper and lower donor of semicircular inner chamber coordinates and designs with the sectional type of the pedestal as substrate, while reduction device height, raising device stability, the bearing capacity of maximum performance structure, reduces device to the requirement of material.Above-mentioned structure not only makes device achieve miniaturization, has broken away from again the dependence to import stress loop.The apparatus structure of small size is more conducive to its place and settles, and is also more convenient for changing the parts occurring to lose efficacy after long-term work, effectively ensure that its overall use cost and actual maintenance cost.The application of load transducer also imply that exiting of the hand dipping that traditional error is huge, the more efficient monitoring of sensing faster obviously also more can guarantee high efficiency and the accuracy of its test structure with the digital display module of the electronization that can arrange in pairs or groups, and its work is more reliable and stable and efficiency is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is work structuring schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the I part partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the II part partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1.
Attached number in the figure and each parts corresponding relation as follows:
A-sample to be tested
10-container 21-chuck portion 21a-upper jaw 21b-lower jaw 22-loading unit
23-connector 31-loads nut 32-stop nut 40-thrust bearing
Donor on donor 63-under 50-load transducer 61-pedestal 62-
70-spring steel backing plate
Embodiment
For ease of understanding, by reference to the accompanying drawings following further describing is done to concrete proving installation of the present invention and operating process thereof herein:
Specific works structure of the present invention, as Figure 1-3, comprises load transducer 50, mounting and clamping system, loading system and forms pedestal 61 and the donor part of bracing frame.
Described pedestal 61 can adopt metal material or engineering plastics to make, and described upper and lower donor 63,62 adopts metal material to make, and upper and lower donor 63,62 all possesses semicircular inner chamber and then forms the cavity body structure of the full circle ring-type of bracing frame after both double fastenings.The top exterior walls place of upper donor 63 is provided with a platform, is mainly used in laying thrust bearing 40 and loading nut 31.Lower donor 62 is directly erected on pedestal 61, and pedestal 61 runs through its pedestal plumbing arrangement square opening, and this square opening is corresponding with lower donor 62 place through hole, to form the mating holes coordinated with corresponding loading unit.The hole of square opening that pedestal 61 is arranged is wider than the through-hole diameter on lower donor 62, and arranges the spring steel backing plate 70 of arc square tile in square opening on pedestal 61.Loosen effect by the elastic buffer of this spring steel backing plate 70 and physics, guarantee that the stop nut 32 being positioned at pedestal 61 bottom end is relative to the firm force of loading unit 22 and accurately loading effect.The stress that spring steel backing plate 70 is not only conducive to reducing tapping is concentrated; Too increase the deflection of single unit system simultaneously, be beneficial to the stability maintaining load.When a little distortion appears in device or sample, because the accumulation of energy effect that spring steel backing plate 70 is out of shape, load is made only to there will be very little decline, to guarantee the stability of device work.For ease of understanding, this sentences the face, cambered surface place, inner side of spring steel backing plate 70 for its intrados, otherwise is then its extrados.
Described load transducer 50 adopts pressure transducer, and sensor can be resistance-strain type or semiconductor-type, and preferred load range is 3 ~ 5t.This sensor sleeve is located on loading unit 22, and forms face between its upper surface with thrust bearing 40 lower surface and coordinate, and forms face against coordinating between lower surface and the flat surface of the top exterior walls of upper donor 63.When load bar 22 produces along its axis action, load transducer 50 correspondingly can be subject to the combination of extrusion of the platform of the top exterior walls of thrust bearing 40 and upper donor 63 and produces corresponding sensing data.
The arrangement relation of described mounting and clamping system and sample a to be tested is followed successively by from top to bottom: loading unit 22, connector 23, upper jaw 21a, hold the container 10 of sulphide media and sample a to be tested, lower jaw 21b, connector 23, the loading unit 22 in it.Described connector 23 is installed between loading unit 22 and chuck portion 21, and two connectors are all in cylindric, and one end has threaded hole, and the other end has breach and dowel hole, as illustrated in figs. 2-3.When assembling, two dowel holes are crosswise, to ensure that the power on sample a to be tested and load transducer 50 is axially, guarantee that whole drawing process does not exist additional bending moment simultaneously.Certainly, in the arrangement relation of whole mounting and clamping system and sample a to be tested, twice jointed shaft not only can be relied on to realize the axial self-regulation of load, also can arrange more multiple tracks jointed shaft structure, be as the criterion better to eliminate its additional bending moment, just repeat no longer one by one herein.Described sample chuck is bar-shaped, adopts metal to make, is drilled with threaded hole vertically in one end of chuck.The size of threaded hole is mated with sample to be tested, is radially drilled with a pin hole at the other end of chuck.The described container 10 holding sulphide media can adopt difformity and corrosion-resistant material according to actual condition, and as shape is preferably tubular, material is preferably polypropylene, as shown in Figure 1.
During real work, described load transducer 50 accessible site amplifier, digital to analog converter, data-carrier store etc.Data are connected by R485 bus, then again by R485/USB translation interface, transfer data to outer computer and digital display parts, so that data processing.
Because load transducer 50 can gather a lot of data p.s., these data are sent to data-carrier store and store away.By the in good time collection of above-mentioned load transducer 50, outer computer then regularly can go to this sensor onboard data storer place to read up-to-date data stored in computer and be depicted as chart, the cycle of its timing can be 1s, 1min, 10min, 30min or 1h etc., thus realizes its clocking capability.
The present invention, by changing the physical parameter measured in test, achieves miniaturization and the Automatic survey of sulphide stress corrosion test unit.In warranty test result simultaneously accurately, the labor capacity of people is alleviated.By the jointed shaft structural design of crossed joint, ensure that load transmits vertically, eliminating the additional bending moment that stress loop device produces when loading, improving the accuracy of calculation of measured data result.By maneuvering load sensor 50, change the physical parameter of measurement, substantially increase the precision of measurement, ensure that the accuracy of test findings.In the process of sample grips sample a to be tested, for ensureing the leakproofness of integral container, preventing the loss of medium in it, the movable cooperation place of sample chuck and container 10 can be added sealing filler ring, to guarantee the security of its real work.
Test operation process of the present invention is as follows: after being assembled by sample a loading mounting and clamping system to be tested, the loading nut 31 being installed on upper donor 63 top is turned by spanner or corresponding tool, loading bolt is also that loading unit 22 moves up, drive holds the container 10 etc. of corrosive medium as sulfide and moves up, and starts as sample a to be tested loads.Now load transducer 50 operates, and corresponding registration also appears in outside numerical control and digital display parts.After continuing to be loaded into the stress of needs, start test.In container 10, logical nitrogen deoxygenation, then passes into hydrogen sulfide gas, and after sulfuretted hydrogen is saturated, computing machine reads timing to start.If sample fracture failure in test way, then load transducer 50 loses pressure, and now timing terminates.In above process, load transducer 50 constantly sends institute's activity data, and extremely outside numerical control and digital display parts are as computing machine, and outside numerical control and digital display parts demonstrate concrete power-off date and time and preserve, in order to testing crew record.
Claims (8)
1. a sulfide-stress cracking test unit, at least comprise the container (10) for holding corrosive medium, described container is mounted with sample to be tested in (10), this device also comprise be arranged in container (10) two ends clamp sample to be tested with the sample chuck of the sample to be tested that stretches for two ends, this device also comprises the bracing frame for fixing sample chuck, described sample chuck and the coaxially arranged and sample chuck of sample to be tested axially can do shift reciprocately action along it on bracing frame, it is characterized in that: described sample chuck comprise direct affixed sample two ends to be tested place chuck portion (21) and with its coaxially arranged for form the loading unit (22) coordinated between bracing frame, described chuck portion (21) forms hinged cooperation with between loading unit (22), and both jointed shaft axes normal sample chuck axis arranged.
2. a kind of sulfide-stress cracking test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described chuck portion (21) comprises the lower jaw (21b) of the upper jaw (21a) that clamps sample upper end to be tested and clamping sample bottom to be tested, described upper jaw (21a) and lower jaw (21b) place are arranged vertically each other each other for the jointed shaft axis coordinated with corresponding loading unit (22).
3. a kind of sulfide-stress cracking test unit according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described sample chuck comprises the connector (23) for being connected chuck portion (21) and loading unit (22), one end of connector (23) forms hinged cooperation with between chuck portion (21), and between the other end and loading unit (22), screw thread is affixed.
4. a kind of sulfide-stress cracking test unit according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterized in that: described loading unit (22) is for loading screw rod, form between loading unit (22) and bracing frame and be slidably matched, the other end place of the sample place relatively to be tested end on loading unit (22) is furnished with for coordinating to load with bracing frame or the nut portions of spacing sample chuck; Described nut portions comprises the loading nut (31) coordinated with one of them sample chuck and the stop nut (32) coordinated with another sample chuck, is folded with the thrust bearing (40) being convenient to exert a force between the respective face of described loading nut (31) and bracing frame.
5. a kind of sulfide-stress cracking test unit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: this device also comprises the data collection module for monitoring and obtain test figure, described data collection module comprises the load transducer (50) for monitoring sample chuck imposed load, and described load transducer (50) is arranged in chuck portion (21) and/or loading unit (22) place.
6. a kind of sulfide-stress cracking test unit according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described load transducer (50) be located in one section of loading unit (22) between thrust bearing (40) mating surface corresponding to bracing frame upper and respectively with form face between above-mentioned parts against coordinating, load transducer (50) is pressure transducer, and this load transducer (50) is electrically connected outside numerical control and digital display parts.
7. a kind of sulfide-stress cracking test unit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: support frame as described above comprises pedestal (61) and is arranged in the lower donor (62) on pedestal (61), described lower donor (62) is covered with arch body (63), the semi-circular inner chamber of upper and lower donor (63,62) encloses the support body being formed and possess the above-mentioned bracing frame of circular inner chamber; Upper donor (63) top center vertical runs through its roof and is furnished with through hole for coordinating with loading unit (22), the upper coaxially arranged through hole of corresponding above-mentioned through hole of lower donor (62), pedestal (61) has with lower donor (62) through hole corresponding position the square opening being convenient to wear loading unit (22), and each loading unit (22) respectively and form between corresponding each hole and be slidably matched.
8. a kind of sulfide-stress cracking test unit according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the square hole width at described pedestal (61) lower surface place is greater than the upper through-hole diameter of lower donor (62), and this device also comprises the spring steel backing plate (70) of arc shaped tile tabular; Described spring steel backing plate (70) is sheathed on loading unit (22), and with intrados towards in the square opening being arranged in pedestal (61) in lower donor (62) direction, place, and form against coordinating between the extrados of this spring steel backing plate (70) with stop nut (32).
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| CN201510100839.7A CN104697873B (en) | 2015-03-06 | 2015-03-06 | A kind of sulfide-stress cracking experimental rig |
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