CN104677619B - Rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal - Google Patents
Rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal, comprise the following steps：The vertical vibration signal on horizontal vibration signal and vertical direction in the collection same section horizontal direction of rotor outer surface；The horizontal vibration signal is synthesized into complex signal with the vertical vibration signal；Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to the complex signal and obtains the bilateral spectrum of complex signal；Orbit of shaft center Fault characteristic parameters are obtained according to the bilateral spectrum of the complex signal, this method makes fault signature more comprehensively more intuitively embody, improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis, while arithmetic speed can be improved again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mechanical fault diagnosis FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe, specifically a kind of whirler based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal
Tool fault signature extracting method.
Background technology
It is both at home and abroad FFT amplitude spectrums, orbit of shaft center, waterfall to the more wide variety of conventional monitoring methods of large rotating machinery
Butut, tendency chart etc..The major defect of these methods is：Analysis result is not directly perceived, and amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum are separated；Phase spectrum is missed
Difference is too big；The isolated consideration of the vibration signal of the vertically and horizontally both direction of rotor, causes phase information not make full use of,
Analysis result is not directly perceived.Therefore, Xi'an in 1989 hands over great Qu professors Liang Sheng to propose a kind of holographic spectral method, will be horizontal and vertical
The vibration signal of both direction carries out FFT respectively, then extracts amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum at both direction main frequency
Combined Processing is carried out, the oscillation trajectory at each frequency component is obtained, then these tracks is placed on a spectrogram by frequency order,
Two-dimension holographic spectrum is formed, the eccentricity according to track is come tracing trouble.It has the disadvantage because spectrogram shared by oscillation trajectory is empty
Between it is too big, cause frequency resolution not high.Bently companies of the U.S. in 1993 propose a kind of full spectral method, and its process is first will
Vibration signal both horizontally and vertically does FFT, is then led off the component of positive backward whirl circle both horizontally and vertically, then
Synthesis positive backward whirl circle component horizontally and vertically, obtains positive backward whirl radius of circle, and by positive backward whirl radius of circle
Marked at the main positive negative frequency of frequency axis respectively, according to the positive backward whirl radius of circle size at the equal positive negative frequency of frequency
To judge precession direction.This method once popular mistake at home, but its weak point is still not reflect phase intuitively
Information, namely oscillation trajectory cannot be generated only according to positive backward whirl radius of circle, because no phase information cannot just obtain vibration rail
The main arrow angle of mark.Zhengzhou University professor Han Jie in 1998 proposes vector spectrum method, and the method is seemingly in order to avoid holography is composed
With the deficiency of full spectral method, its process is that the vibration signal of horizontal and vertical directions first is synthesized into a complex signal, right
Complex signal carries out FFT, then the unilateral of horizontal and vertical directions will be extracted from the amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum of complex signal
Spectrum, synthesis master resultant pair of shaking is shaken arrow and the arrow angle that shakes, and the shake relative size of arrow of resultant pair of being shaken according to master judges precession direction,
Orbit of shaft center can be synthesized.This method had both avoided the problem of the lack of resolution of holographic spectrum, and it also avoid full spectrum can not show
Show the defect of phase information, it appears that very perfect.But it has the disadvantage still only to make use of unilateral spectrum, " negative frequency " spectrum letter is have ignored
The representative real physical meaning of breath.From this, full spectrum, holographic spectrum, vector spectrum only make use of the positive frequency of unilateral spectrum to believe
Breath, and process is cumbersome, not intuitively.
Therefore, to solve problem above, it is necessary to one kind takes full advantage of the physical significance of " negative frequency " representative, make failure special
Levy and more comprehensively more intuitively embody, improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis, while only carrying out a FFT computing, accelerate computing
The rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal of speed.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome defect of the prior art, there is provided one kind makes fault signature more comprehensively
More intuitively embody, improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis, at the same can improve again arithmetic speed based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal
Rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method.
Rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal of the invention, comprises the following steps：
The vertical vibration on horizontal vibration signal and vertical direction in the collection same section horizontal direction of rotor outer surface
Signal；The horizontal vibration signal is synthesized into complex signal with the vertical vibration signal；The complex signal is carried out in quick Fu
Leaf transformation obtains the bilateral spectrum of complex signal；Fault characteristic parameters are obtained according to the bilateral spectrum of the complex signal；
Further, the horizontal vibration signal is mutual by being arranged on the same section of rotor respectively with vertical vibration signal
Vertical sensor probe X and sensor probe Y is measured；
Further, sliding-model control is carried out to the horizontal vibration signal and vertical vibration signal, obtain length for N from
Scattered signal, is designated as x (n) and y (n) respectively；The complex signal is designated as z (n) and z (n)=x (n)+jy (n), wherein j are imaginary number list
Position；
Further, the bilateral spectrum of the complex signal includes bilateral amplitude spectrum and bilateral phase spectrum；
Further, by the bilateral amplitude spectrum and bilateral phase spectrum fusion generation orbit of shaft center；
Further, by orbit of shaft center treatment generation Fault characteristic parameters.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Rotating machinery fault feature extraction side based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal of the invention
Method, the bilateral spectrum of complex signal is obtained by carrying out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to complex signal, and the bilateral spectrum of the complex signal is for simultaneously including " just
Frequency " and the bilateral spectrum (including amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum) of " negative frequency ", by mathematical derivation, amplitude respective rotor at positive frequency
The information of positive precession radius of circle, amplitude respective rotor backward whirl radius of circle at negative frequency, fusion amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum just can be with
The orbit of shaft center at each main frequency is generated, and can further generate full spectrum, holographic spectrum, vector spectrum.The bilateral spectrum result of complex signal
With full spectrum, holographic spectrum, vector spectrum equivalent, and the method need to only carry out a FFT, improve calculating speed, and complete
Spectrum, holographic spectrum, vector spectrum but will respectively carry out FFT to both horizontally and vertically vibration signal, and process is cumbersome, and speed is slow,
And the present invention takes full advantage of the physical significance of " negative frequency " representative, fault signature is more comprehensively more intuitively embodied, improve
The accuracy of fault diagnosis, while only carrying out a FFT computing, accelerates arithmetic speed.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention；As illustrated, the rotating machinery event based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal of the invention
Barrier feature extracting method, comprises the following steps：
The vertical vibration on horizontal vibration signal and vertical direction in the collection same section horizontal direction of rotor outer surface
Signal；The horizontal vibration signal is synthesized into complex signal with the vertical vibration signal；The complex signal is carried out in quick Fu
Leaf transformation obtains the bilateral spectrum of complex signal；Fault characteristic parameters are obtained according to the bilateral spectrum of the complex signal, is carried out by complex signal
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtains the bilateral spectrum of complex signal, the bilateral spectrum of the complex signal to include simultaneously " positive frequency " and " negative frequency " it is double
(including amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum) is composed on side, by mathematical derivation, the positive precession radius of circle of amplitude respective rotor, negative frequency at positive frequency
The information of place's amplitude respective rotor backward whirl radius of circle, fusion amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum can just generate the axle at each main frequency
Heart track, and can further generate full spectrum, holographic spectrum, vector spectrum.The bilateral spectrum result of complex signal and full spectrum, holographic spectrum, vector spectrum
Equivalent, and the method need to only carry out a FFT, improves calculating speed, and compose entirely, holographic spectrum, vector spectrum will
FFT is carried out respectively to both horizontally and vertically vibration signal, process is cumbersome, and speed is slow.
In the present embodiment, the horizontal vibration signal is with vertical vibration signal respectively by being arranged on the same section of rotor
Orthogonal sensor probe X and sensor probe Y are measured, and sensor probe is used to produce the machine sent from the rotation of part
The simulation electric measurement signal of tool vibration；And analogue-to-digital converters can be used, the analogue measurement data of the reception are responded, with
Sample frequency is sampled to analogue measurement signal, to produce digital measurement data signal.
In the present embodiment, sliding-model control is carried out to the horizontal vibration signal and vertical vibration signal, obtain length for N
Discrete signal, x (n) and y (n) are designated as respectively；The complex signal is designated as z (n) and z (n)=x (n)+jy (n), wherein j are void
Number unit.
In the present embodiment, the bilateral spectrum of complex signal includes bilateral amplitude spectrum and bilateral phase spectrum.1) z (n) is carried out soon
Fast Fourier transformation (FFT), obtains coefficient Cn=CR (n)+jCI (n), n=0,1,2 ... N-1；2) Cn (n=0,1,2 ... N/ are taken
2) a row vector CN1 is constituted, Cn (n=N/2+1, N/2+2, N/2+3 ... N-1) is taken and is constituted a row vector CN2；3) merge
Vectorial CN1 and CN2 constitutes a new row vector CN=[CN2, CN1]；4) make5) row vector is set up
F (n)=[N/2 of-N/2+1,-N/2+2,-N/2+3 ... -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3 ...], obtains a frequency on this basis
Vector f (n)=F (n) * Δ f, wherein Δ f is frequency resolution；6) with f (n) as abscissa, CN draws for ordinate, you can
To the bilateral amplitude spectrum of complex signal；7) setWith f (n) as abscissa, ΦnFor ordinate is drawn,
Can obtain the bilateral phase spectrum of complex signal.
In the present embodiment, by the bilateral spectrum of the complex signal by treatment generation orbit of shaft center.1) the bilateral amplitude spectrum of complex signal
In, the value of positive negative frequency f (n+) and f (n-) place with frequency axis f (n) on origin symmetry is designated as R respectivelyn+And Rn-, its difference
It is the positive precession radius of circle of orbit of shaft center and backward whirl radius of circle；If 2) 1. | Rn+|≠0,|Rn-|=0, rotor eddy is positive precession,
Track is circle, and radius is Rn+；If 2. | Rn+|=0, | Rn-| ≠ 0, rotor eddy is backward whirl, and track is circle, and radius is | Rn-|；
If 3. | Rn+|=| Rn-|, rotor eddy is straight line simple harmonic motion；If 4. | Rn+|≠|Rn-|, rotor eddy track is ellipse, when |
Rn+|>|Rn-| when, positive whirling motion is done, when | Rn+|<|Rn-| when, do backward whirling；3) oval orbit of shaft center major semiaxis isSemi-minor axis is4) in the bilateral phase spectrum of complex signal, at the positive negative frequency of origin symmetry
Phase be respectively φn+And φn-, then frequency f (n) place ellipse orbit of shaft center major axis be with the angle of trunnion axis5) oval eccentricity is6) ellipse area is S=π ab.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
Good embodiment has been described in detail to the present invention, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or equivalent, and without deviating from the objective and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover at this
In the middle of the right of invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A. the vertical vibration on the horizontal vibration signal and vertical direction in the collection same section horizontal direction of rotor outer surface is believed
Number；
B. the horizontal vibration signal is synthesized into complex signal with the vertical vibration signal；
C. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to the complex signal and obtains the bilateral spectrum of complex signal；
D. orbit of shaft center Fault characteristic parameters are obtained according to the bilateral spectrum of the complex signal；
Wherein step c includes：C1. complex signal z (n) for synthesizing is carried out into Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains coefficient Cn=CR
(n)+jCI (n), n=0,1,2 ... N-1；
C2. take Cn (n=0,1,2 ... N/2) and constitute a row vector CN1, take Cn (n=N/2+1, N/2+2, N/2+3 ... N-1)
One row vector CN2 of composition；
C3. merge vector CN1 and CN2 and constitute a new row vector CN=[CN2, CN1]；
C4. make
C5. row vector F (n)=[N/2 of-N/2+1,-N/2+2,-N/2+3 ... -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3 ...] is set up,
It is frequency resolution that frequency vector f (n)=F (n) * Δ f, wherein Δ f is obtained on the basis of this；
C6. with f (n) as abscissa, CN draws for ordinate, you can obtain the bilateral amplitude spectrum of complex signal；C7. setWith f (n) as abscissa, ΦnFor ordinate is drawn, you can obtain the bilateral phase of complex signal
Spectrum.
2. the rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：The horizontal vibration signal is with vertical vibration signal respectively by being arranged in orthogonal sensor on the same section of rotor
Probe X and sensor probe Y is measured.
3. the rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：Sliding-model control is carried out to the horizontal vibration signal and vertical vibration signal, the discrete signal that length is N is obtained, respectively
It is designated as x (n) and y (n)；The complex signal is designated as z (n) and z (n)=x (n)+jy (n), wherein j are imaginary unit.
4. the rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：The bilateral spectrum of complex signal includes bilateral amplitude spectrum and bilateral phase spectrum.
5. the rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal according to claim 4, its feature exists
In：By the bilateral amplitude spectrum and bilateral phase spectrum fusion generation orbit of shaft center.
6. the rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on the bilateral spectrum of complex signal according to claim 5, its feature exists
In：The Fault characteristic parameters are generated by orbit of shaft center.
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| CN106017956B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2018-05-08 | 重庆大学 | Rotary machinery fault diagnosis new method based on translational energy difference density spectrum analysis |
| CN106017802A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Method for dynamically monitoring axis locus |
| CN106203362B (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2019-02-12 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of rotary machinery fault diagnosis method based on pulse index |
| CN108426691B (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2019-09-06 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Variable Speed Rotating Machinery vibration equipment state monitoring method and device |
| CN111307440B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2022-07-22 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Qualitative diagnosis method for power frequency fault of rotary machine |
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| US6775642B2 (en) * | 2002-04-17 | 2004-08-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Fault detection system having audio analysis and method of using the same |
| CN1244801C (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2006-03-08 | 重庆大学 | Rotary machine failure intelligent diagnosis method and device |
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| CN101929917B (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2012-08-29 | 陈先利 | Fault diagnosis method for rotary machine |
| CN102322942B (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-07-31 | 大连圣力来监测技术有限公司 | Vibration signal vector ellipse spectrum analyzing method of rotating machinery |
| CN104034412B (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-06-08 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of rotary machine fault characteristic extraction method based on fractional order principle of holography |
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