CN104642075A - Organic ecological soilless cucumber cultivation technology in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

An organic ecological soilless cucumber cultivation technology in sunlight greenhouse is characterized in that the technology comprises the procedures of making cultivation beds, preparing matrix, selecting variety, arranging crop rotation, seeding, field planting, field management, pest control, and harvesting for sell in market. The cultivation technology solves the problems of high cost, time consuming, uneasy operation, difficulty for being mastered by vegetable growers, and the like, in the soilless cucumber cultivation technology; and the organic ecological soilless cucumber cultivation technology in sunlight greenhouse is applicable to vegetable growers planting cucumbers in sunlight greenhouses.

Description

A kind of cucumber in solar-greenhouse organic ecological soilless culture technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to the production cultivation field of vegetables, specifically a kind of cucumber in solar-greenhouse organic ecological soilless culture technology.

Background technology

Cucumber, also claims cucumber, green cucumber, belongs to cucurbitaceous plant.Be distributed widely in all over China, and be one of main greenhouse product.Cucumber is containing the glucoside such as glucose, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, wood sugar, raffinose, fructose and rutin, Isoquercitrin, arginic glycoside.Still containing caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, multiple free amino acid, vitamine G (i.e. vitamin b3) and vitamin C-10.3 milligrams of %.Again containing volatile oil 1 milligram of %, wherein 60% is 2,6-nonadienol, and 10% is 2,6-nonadienal.The many bitter tastes of cucumber head, bitter principle is cucurbitacin A, B, C, D.The fatty oil of seed, wherein oleic acid 58.49%, linoleic acid 22.29%, palmitic acid 6.79%, stearic acid 3.72%.Edible part reaches 92%, and every 100 grams contain 0.6 ~ 0.8 gram, protein, 0.2 gram, fat, 1.6 ~ 2.0 grams, carbohydrate, ash content 0.4 ~ 0.5 gram, calcium 15 ~ 19 milligrams, 29 ~ 33 milligrams, phosphorus, iron 0.2 ~ 1.1 milligram, carotin 0.2 ~ 0 .3 milligram, thiamine 0.02 ~ 0.04 milligram, 0.04 ~ 0.4 milligram, vitamin b3, niacin 0.2 ~ 0.3 milligram, vitamin C 4 ~ 11 milligrams.In addition, also containing glucose, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, raffinose, wooden rice sugar, fructose, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, multiple free amino acid and volatile oil, cucurbitacin, cucumber chitinase etc.

The cucurbitacin C contained in cucumber has the effect improving immune function of human body, reaches antitumor object; Containing abundant vitamin E in cucumber, can play and promote longevity, antidotal effect; Cucumber chitinase in cucumber, has very strong biologically active; Hydroxymalonic acid contained in cucumber, can suppress glucide to change fat into; Cucumber contains vitamin B1, to improving brain and nervous function is favourable, and can tranquilizing the mind; Prevent alcoholism: alanine, arginine and glutamine contained in cucumber, to liver patient, particularly have certain auxiliary therapeutic action to alcoholic cirrhosis patient, can prevent and treat alcoholism; Reduce blood sugar: glycoside, fructose etc. contained in cucumber do not participate in common glycometabolism, therefore diabetes patient allays one's hunger for starch food with cucumber, not only blood sugar can not raise, and even can reduce.

China has become one of main cucumber place of production, the world, generally adopts outdoor production and facility cultivation to produce, started in recent years to carry out soilless culture in production.The current nutriculture generally adopted without soil, in management, there is cost high, time-consuming, not easy to operate, vegetable grower is difficult to the problems such as grasp, and some employing medicament pollinations, cause psychology panic to consumer.

Summary of the invention

The present invention solves the technical deficiency existed in existing cucumber soilless culture method, provides a kind of cucumber in solar-greenhouse organic ecological soilless culture technology.

Technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of cucumber in solar-greenhouse organic ecological soilless culture technology, its special character comprises making cultivating groove, preparation matrix, Fruit variety, crops for rotation arrangement, sowing, field planting, field management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, listing technical process of gathering:

Make cultivating groove: cultivating groove XPS builds, groove width 60 ~ 80cm, dark 15 ~ 25cm, bottom cultivating groove and groove inner edge answers film laying and soil to isolate, in case the sick worm of soil is infected;

Preparation matrix: cucumber cultivation matrix natural pond slag: mushroom slag: perlite by 1: 1: 1 proportions, every m ³matrix adds organic ecological special fertilizer 3kg, urea 1kg, cake fertilizer 1kg, expanded chicken manure 3kg, superphosphate 1kg, then adds suitable quantity of water, carries out complete fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed; Fruit variety: select complete female system fruit type tolerance to low temperature and weak light, precocious disease-resistant high yield kind, in producing at present, general types is Dolly, large rich No. 8, the generation proud son of heaven etc.;

Crops for rotation arrange: nursery in July, and field planting in the last ten-days period in August is to greenhouse; Sowing: first featured cucumber seeds clear water is soaked 2 ~ 3h, removes floating seed, and taking-up is put into 4% formalin, 100 times of liquid again after drying and soaked 30min, rinses well after taking-up with clear water, then soaks 12 ~ 16h with 30 DEG C of clear water, dries.Adopt pin type sower 72 cave point disk seedling growing; Matrix, after sterilization, mixing, sabot, pressure hole, sowing, covering, suppression, water spray, is placed in germinating cabinet's vernalization, when there being 60% ~ 70% bud to start hogback, being moved on warm indoor raising of seedling stand by cave dish in time and afforesting 1 ~ 2d; Every 7d foliage-spray 1 nutrient solution in seedling raising process; Field planting: two leaves wholeheartedly time start field planting, select anosis worm, healthy seedling of the same size, adopt duplicate rows dislocation field planting, with distance between rows and hills 50cm, plant base portion is apart from position trough rim 10cm, and matrix sticks together a little more than seedling;

Field management: seedling stage, day temperature controlled 18 ~ 25 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Sit melon phase day temperature control 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night temperature 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Every day in seedling stage every m ²pour water 1 ~ 3L, fruiting period every m every day ²fill with 4 ~ 5L; After field planting, 20d starts to topdress, and after this topdresses 1 time according to plant growing way and the every 10d of fertilizer requirement; Before blooming, every strain imposes expanded chicken manure 20g, become thoroughly decomposed dregs of beans 10g; The every strain of melon phase imposes expanded chicken manure 30g to seat, become thoroughly decomposed dregs of beans 20g, gathers and within first 1 month, stops topdressing; Fertilizer is evenly sprinkled upon the stromal surface outside root 5cm, and combines and spray foliage fertilizer and supplement micro-fertilizer, sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate in fruit expanding period; Adopt single stalk to prune, on master is climing, sits melon, main climing 4 ~ 5 joints are following extracts all buds and side shoots, starts to stay melon, often save and stay 1 ~ 2 melon, extract side shoot, Lao Ye, sick leaf in time at Section 5;

The extermination of disease and insect pest: based on the integrated control technique such as cultural control, physical control is auxiliary with chemical control; Select disease-resistant variety, cultivate anosis worm source seedling; The vexed canopy of high temperature before field planting, utterly destroy indoor sick worm source, the mouth that leaks informaton arranges fly net, the yellow plate trapping Bemisia tabaci of indoor extension and aphid; Be aided with and eliminate, press down the public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals such as hooligan, aeontium basis, Frontline and prevent and treat;

Gather: extract root melon as early as possible; Cucumber can be gathered after transferring bottle green to by light green, gathers every day 1 time, and melon handle must retain at least 1cm length in principle.

technique effect

Technique effect of the present invention is, adopts above-mentioned technical scheme, can realize a kind of greenhouse by solar heat Sheep's-parsley high-yield culture technique, go on the market before the Spring Festival, and improve Sheep's-parsley output about 40%, and mouthfeel is good, clear and melodious fresh and tender taste just.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.

This working of an invention process is as follows:

1, make cultivating groove: cultivating groove XPS builds, groove width 60 ~ 80cm, dark 15 ~ 25cm, bottom cultivating groove and groove inner edge answers film laying and soil to isolate, in case the sick worm of soil is infected;

2, prepare matrix: cucumber cultivation matrix natural pond slag: mushroom slag: perlite by 1: 1: 1 proportions, every m ³matrix adds organic ecological special fertilizer 3kg, urea 1kg, cake fertilizer 1kg, expanded chicken manure 3kg, superphosphate 1kg, then adds suitable quantity of water, carries out complete fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed; 3, Fruit variety: select complete female system fruit type tolerance to low temperature and weak light, precocious disease-resistant high yield kind, in producing at present, general types is Dolly, large rich No. 8, the generation proud son of heaven etc.;

4, crops for rotation arrangement: nursery in July, field planting in the last ten-days period in August is to greenhouse; 5, sow: first featured cucumber seeds clear water is soaked 2 ~ 3h, remove floating seed, taking-up is put into 4% formalin, 100 times of liquid again after drying and is soaked 30min, rinses well after taking-up with clear water, then soaks 12 ~ 16h with 30 DEG C of clear water, dries.Adopt pin type sower 72 cave point disk seedling growing; Matrix, after sterilization, mixing, sabot, pressure hole, sowing, covering, suppression, water spray, is placed in germinating cabinet's vernalization, when there being 60% ~ 70% bud to start hogback, being moved on warm indoor raising of seedling stand by cave dish in time and afforesting 1 ~ 2d; Every 7d foliage-spray 1 nutrient solution in seedling raising process; 6, field planting: two leaves wholeheartedly time start field planting, select anosis worm, healthy seedling of the same size, adopt duplicate rows dislocation field planting, with distance between rows and hills 50cm, plant base portion is apart from position trough rim 10cm, and matrix sticks together a little more than seedling;

7, field management: seedling stage, day temperature controlled 18 ~ 25 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Sit melon phase day temperature control 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night temperature 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Every day in seedling stage every m ²pour water 1 ~ 3L, fruiting period every m every day ²fill with 4 ~ 5L; After field planting, 20d starts to topdress, and after this topdresses 1 time according to plant growing way and the every 10d of fertilizer requirement; Before blooming, every strain imposes expanded chicken manure 20g, become thoroughly decomposed dregs of beans 10g; The every strain of melon phase imposes expanded chicken manure 30g to seat, become thoroughly decomposed dregs of beans 20g, gathers and within first 1 month, stops topdressing; Fertilizer is evenly sprinkled upon the stromal surface outside root 5cm, and combines and spray foliage fertilizer and supplement micro-fertilizer, sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate in fruit expanding period; Adopt single stalk to prune, on master is climing, sits melon, main climing 4 ~ 5 joints are following extracts all buds and side shoots, starts to stay melon, often save and stay 1 ~ 2 melon, extract side shoot, Lao Ye, sick leaf in time at Section 5;

8, the extermination of disease and insect pest: based on the integrated control technique such as cultural control, physical control is auxiliary with chemical control; Select disease-resistant variety, cultivate anosis worm source seedling; The vexed canopy of high temperature before field planting, utterly destroy indoor sick worm source, the mouth that leaks informaton arranges fly net, the yellow plate trapping Bemisia tabaci of indoor extension and aphid; Be aided with and eliminate, press down the public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals such as hooligan, aeontium basis, Frontline and prevent and treat;

9, gather: extract root melon as early as possible; Cucumber can be gathered after transferring bottle green to by light green, gathers every day 1 time, and melon handle must retain at least 1cm length in principle.

Claims (1)

1. a cucumber in solar-greenhouse organic ecological soilless culture technology, is characterized in that comprising following technical process:

Make cultivating groove: cultivating groove XPS builds, groove width 60 ~ 80cm, dark 15 ~ 25cm, bottom cultivating groove and groove inner edge answers film laying and soil to isolate, in case the sick worm of soil is infected;

Preparation matrix: cucumber cultivation matrix natural pond slag: mushroom slag: perlite by 1: 1: 1 proportions, every m ³matrix adds organic ecological special fertilizer 3kg, urea 1kg, cake fertilizer 1kg, expanded chicken manure 3kg, superphosphate 1kg, then adds suitable quantity of water, carries out complete fermentation and becomes thoroughly decomposed; Fruit variety: select complete female system fruit type tolerance to low temperature and weak light, precocious disease-resistant high yield kind, in producing at present, general types is Dolly, large rich No. 8, the generation proud son of heaven etc.;

Crops for rotation arrange: nursery in July, and field planting in the last ten-days period in August is to greenhouse; Sowing: first featured cucumber seeds clear water is soaked 2 ~ 3h, removes floating seed, and taking-up is put into 4% formalin, 100 times of liquid again after drying and soaked 30min, rinses well after taking-up with clear water, then soaks 12 ~ 16h with 30 DEG C of clear water, dries; Adopt pin type sower 72 cave point disk seedling growing; Matrix, after sterilization, mixing, sabot, pressure hole, sowing, covering, suppression, water spray, is placed in germinating cabinet's vernalization, when there being 60% ~ 70% bud to start hogback, being moved on warm indoor raising of seedling stand by cave dish in time and afforesting 1 ~ 2d; Every 7d foliage-spray 1 nutrient solution in seedling raising process; Field planting: two leaves wholeheartedly time start field planting, select anosis worm, healthy seedling of the same size, adopt duplicate rows dislocation field planting, with distance between rows and hills 50cm, plant base portion is apart from position trough rim 10cm, and matrix sticks together a little more than seedling;

Field management: seedling stage, day temperature controlled 18 ~ 25 DEG C, night 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Sit melon phase day temperature control 25 ~ 28 DEG C, night temperature 15 ~ 18 DEG C; Every day in seedling stage every m ²pour water 1 ~ 3L, fruiting period every m every day ²fill with 4 ~ 5L; After field planting, 20d starts to topdress, and after this topdresses 1 time according to plant growing way and the every 10d of fertilizer requirement; Before blooming, every strain imposes expanded chicken manure 20g, become thoroughly decomposed dregs of beans 10g; The every strain of melon phase imposes expanded chicken manure 30g to seat, become thoroughly decomposed dregs of beans 20g, gathers and within first 1 month, stops topdressing; Fertilizer is evenly sprinkled upon the stromal surface outside root 5cm, and combines and spray foliage fertilizer and supplement micro-fertilizer, sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate in fruit expanding period; Adopt single stalk to prune, on master is climing, sits melon, main climing 4 ~ 5 joints are following extracts all buds and side shoots, starts to stay melon, often save and stay 1 ~ 2 melon, extract side shoot, Lao Ye, sick leaf in time at Section 5;

The extermination of disease and insect pest: based on the integrated control technique such as cultural control, physical control is auxiliary with chemical control; Select disease-resistant variety, cultivate anosis worm source seedling; The vexed canopy of high temperature before field planting, utterly destroy indoor sick worm source, the mouth that leaks informaton arranges fly net, the yellow plate trapping Bemisia tabaci of indoor extension and aphid; Be aided with and eliminate, press down the public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals such as hooligan, aeontium basis, Frontline and prevent and treat;

Gather: extract root melon as early as possible; Cucumber can be gathered after transferring bottle green to by light green, gathers every day 1 time, and melon handle must retain at least 1cm length in principle.