CN104641015A - Method for producing machine part - Google Patents

Method for producing machine part Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104641015A
CN104641015A CN201380048538.3A CN201380048538A CN104641015A CN 104641015 A CN104641015 A CN 104641015A CN 201380048538 A CN201380048538 A CN 201380048538A CN 104641015 A CN104641015 A CN 104641015A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
nitrogen
enriched layer
manufacturing machine
machine parts
steel
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CN201380048538.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
藤田工
八木田和宽
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NTN Corp
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NTN Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • C23C8/12—Oxidising using elemental oxygen or ozone
    • C23C8/14—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25

Abstract

A method for producing a machine part comprises: a step of providing a member that is composed of a steel containing 0.1 mass% or more of vanadium (S10); a step of forming a film containing vanadium on the surface of the member (S20); and a step of heating the member having the film formed thereon in a heat treatment gas atmosphere that contains a nitrogen gas but does not contain an ammonia gas to form a nitrogen-rich layer (S30). In the step of forming the film (S20), the member is oxidized by heating the member to a temperature that is equal to or higher than 500 DEG.C and lower than the A1 transformation point of the steel.

Description

The method of manufacturing machine parts
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for manufacturing machine parts, more specifically, relate to the method manufacturing and there is the mechanical part of the nitrogen-enriched layer being positioned at upper layer.
Background technology
For the object of the fatigue strength and/or wear resistance that improve mechanical part, the nitrogen-enriched layer compared with inside with high nitrogen concentration can be formed by modes such as carbo-nitridings at the upper layer of mechanical part.In general carbo-nitriding, usually use atmospheric gas, it is based on by mixing propane, butane or town gas and the air (gas of endothermic conversion being more than or equal under the high temperature of 1000 DEG C; Hereinafter referred to RX gas), add a small amount of propane, butane and ammonia to produce carrier gas.By heated parts under this atmosphere, form nitrogen-enriched layer at the upper layer of workpiece.During carbo-nitriding, use RX gas as carrier gas, nitrogenizing reaction is produced (such as by undecomposed ammonia, with reference to " Improvement of Wear Resistance by Heat Treatment for Carburizing Steel (carry out carburizing by heating to steel and improve wear resistance) " of Nobuyuki Mouri etc., NTN TECHNICAL REVIEW, 2008,76th phase, 17-22 page (NPD 1)).
Reference list
Non-patent document
" Improvement of Wear Resistance by Heat Treatment for Carburizing Steel (by heating, carburizing is carried out to steel and improves wear resistance) " of NPD 1:Nobuyuki Mouri etc., NTN TECHNICAL REVIEW, 2008,76th phase, 17-22 page
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
When temperature is higher, usually there is the decomposition of ammonia.And the nitriding method infrequently carried out in the temperature province being not less than 900 DEG C by undecomposed ammonia therefore.As a result, be difficult to raise treatment temp to shorten the carbo-nitridization time, even be also like this when processing the product needing thick nitride layer.Process period is problem extend to some extent.Owing to needing to install the equipment that imports ammonia in heat treated stove and the quick consumption (such as, the basket for product conveying) of used unit in heat treatment furnace, the problem using the carbo-nitriding of ammonia also to have equipment maintenance and management cost to increase.
The invention solves above-mentioned problem, and the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of manufacturing machine parts, make it possible to by do not use the rapid thermal process of ammonia to be manufactured on mechanical part that upper layer has nitrogen-enriched layer.
The scheme of dealing with problems
The method of manufacturing machine parts of the present invention comprises the following steps: prepare components made of steel, form the film containing vanadium on the surface of this element, and form nitrogen-enriched layer by heating this element with the film of formation in the atmosphere containing nitrogen and not containing the heat treatment atmosphere of ammonia.In the step preparing element, prepare the element be made up of the steel of the vanadium containing 0.1 quality % or higher.In the step forming film, this element is heated to be not less than 500 DEG C and lower than the A of steel 1the temperature range internal oxidition of transformation temperature.
In the various researchs relevant to the heat treated of steel, contriver finds, by being formed containing vanadium film on the surface of components made of steel, to heat afterwards in the atmosphere comprising nitrogen, forms nitrogen-enriched layer at the upper layer of this element, even if it is also like this that this atmosphere does not contain ammonia, thus imagination the present invention.In the method manufacturing mechanical part of the present invention, comprise nitrogen but not containing the atmosphere of ammonia in heat the components made of steel defined on surface containing vanadium film, form nitrogen-enriched layer with the upper layer at mechanical part.Due in manufacture method of the present invention, undecomposed ammonia does not increase the formation of nitrogen-enriched layer, and this makes it possible to the thermal treatment carrying out higher temperature.Therefore, the heat treated time can be shortened.In addition, owing to not using ammonia in a manufacturing method, the consumption of used unit in heat treatment furnace can be suppressed to reduce equipment maintenance and management cost.According to mechanical part manufacture method of the present invention, by not using the rapid thermal process of ammonia to be manufactured on the mechanical part that upper layer has nitrogen-enriched layer.
By adopt containing 0.1 quality % or more vanadium steel as composition mechanical part steel and make steel through peroxidation, be easy to be formed containing vanadium film.At this, by the A lower than steel 1be oxidized in the temperature range of transformation temperature, do not undergo phase transition in oxidising process and the change in shape because thermal treatment causes or distortion can be suppressed.In addition, by the A lower than steel 1be oxidized in the temperature range of transformation temperature, the parent phase (mother phase) of steel remains on ferrite state, and wherein the solid solubility limit of carbon is low, and can suppress the generation of decarburization.
The heat treatment atmosphere lacking ammonia represents and does not substantially comprise ammonia, but the ammonia gas mixture of not despumation level.
In the step of the formation film in the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, element can be forging.
When the manufacture method of mechanical part comprises forging step, efficiently formed containing vanadium film through peroxidation in forging step by making this mechanical part.
In the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, heat treatment atmosphere can comprise the gas of endothermic conversion.Therefore, the formation of nitrogen-enriched layer can be realized, be easy to regulate the carbon potential in atmosphere simultaneously.
In the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, heat treatment atmosphere can be the gaseous mixture of nitrogen and reducing gas.
Therefore, available nitrogenous reductibility heat treatment atmosphere forms nitrogen-enriched layer, and this nitrogen is cheap and is easy to as nitrogen supply (NS) source and obtains.Therefore, heat treated cost can be reduced.Such as, hydrogen, methane gas, propane flammable gas, butagas or CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas can be adopted as reducing gas.
In the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, heat treatment atmosphere can comprise nitrogen and have less than or equal to 10 -16the oxygen partial pressure of Pa.
Therefore, can use containing nitrogen and the suppressed extremely low-level heat treatment atmosphere of oxidation capacity, this nitrogen is cheap and is easy to obtain as nitrogen supply (NS) source.Therefore, heat treated cost can be reduced.
In the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, heat treatment atmosphere can comprise reducing gas to be made it have less than or equal to 10 -16the oxygen partial pressure of Pa.By adopting the heat treatment atmosphere containing reducing gas, oxygen partial pressure can be easy to be reduced to 10 -16pa or lower.
In the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, reducing gas can be hydrogen.The hydrogen being easy to obtain is suitable for as reducing gas.
The method of above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts also can comprise by the element of the nitrogen-enriched layer by having formation from exceeding or equaling A 1the temperature of transformation temperature is cooled to less than or equal to M spoint temperature thus to this element carry out sudden cold-sclerosis step.Therefore, can be easy to manufacture the nitrogen-enriched layer with formation and through sudden cold-the high-durability mechanical part of sclerosis.
In the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, the step forming nitrogen-enriched layer can be implemented, make the element being heated to this temperature range can not be cooled to room temperature in the step forming film.By process like this, the energy needed for thermal treatment can be reduced and shorten the heat treated time.
In the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, in the step forming film, can in the thermal chamber of oxidizing atmosphere heating unit, and in the step forming nitrogen-enriched layer, available heat treatment atmosphere replaces the atmosphere in thermal chamber and then can heat this element in thermal chamber, thus forms this nitrogen-enriched layer.By process like this, batch furnace can be used on mechanical part efficiently to form nitrogen-enriched layer.
The method of above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts also can comprise by the element of the nitrogen-enriched layer by having formation from exceeding or equaling A 1the temperature of transformation temperature is cooled to less than or equal to M spoint temperature thus to this element carry out sudden cold-sclerosis step.In the step forming film, form film when element is oxidized in oxidation unit.In the step forming nitrogen-enriched layer, via transport unit, the element of the film with formation can be sent to nitrogen-enriched layer forming apparatus, the transport unit between this device passes through is connected with oxidation unit, and then in nitrogen-enriched layer forming apparatus, forms nitrogen-enriched layer.Sudden cold-step of hardening component in, this element can in the sudden device for cooling be connected with nitrogen-enriched layer forming apparatus through sudden cold-harden.By process like this, can use continuous oven on mechanical part efficient form nitrogen-enriched layer and can to mechanical part carry out sudden cold-sclerosis.
In the method for above-mentioned manufacturing machine parts, mechanical part can be the parts forming rolling bearing.
The parts of the neck collar and rolling element that such as form rolling bearing need to have high-fatigue strength and wear resistance usually.Therefore, the method wherein forming the manufacturing machine parts of the present invention of nitrogen-enriched layer is suitable for the method for the parts forming rolling bearing as manufacture.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
Book clearly represents as described above, according to the method for manufacturing machine parts of the present invention, by not using the rapid thermal process of ammonia to be manufactured on the mechanical part that upper layer has nitrogen-enriched layer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schema of the method overview of manufacturing machine parts in display first embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of an example of method for showing manufacturing machine parts.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of another example of method for showing manufacturing machine parts.
Fig. 4 is the schema of the method overview of manufacturing machine parts in display second embodiment.
Fig. 5 represents when being formed containing vanadium film under different oxidizing temperatures, the concentration distribution of nitrogen in nitrogen-enriched layer.
Fig. 6 represents and is not cooled to room temperature after oxidation and the concentration distribution of nitrogen in the nitrogen-enriched layer formed.
Embodiment describes
Hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described.In accompanying drawing hereafter, identical or corresponding element distributes identical Reference numeral, and no longer repeats its explanation.
(the first embodiment)
First the first embodiment as an embodiment of the invention is described.With reference to figure 1, in the method for the manufacturing machine parts according to the first embodiment, carry out the steel element preparation process of step (S10).In this step (S10), prepared steel element, it is the element of steel and substantially forms the shape of mechanical part.Particularly, such as, prepared containing exceed or equal 0.1 quality % vanadium steel AMS2315 steel or there is this kind of composition to add the steel of the vanadium of 0.1 quality % or more to the SUJ2 meeting JIS, and through processing as forging, turner etc. to produce steel element.
Then, the oxidation step of step S20 is carried out.In this step (S20), the steel element of preparation in step (S10) is oxidized.Particularly, exceeding or equaling 500 DEG C and lower than the A of steel making steel element in oxidizing atmosphere (as air) 1heating steel element in the temperature range of transformation temperature, thus the upper layer of oxidation steel element.In this stage, in steel in vanadium and steel in carbon and atmosphere the reaction of nitrogen cause being formed on the surface of steel element containing vanadium film.Particularly, this film is V (vanadium)-N (nitrogen) film, V-C (carbon) film, V-C-N film etc.
Then, the carbo-nitridization step of step (S30) is carried out.In this step (S30), carbo-nitridization is carried out to the steel element be oxidized in step (S20).Particularly, being adjusted in the atmosphere of the carbon potential of needs at the propane etc. by adding in RX gas as enriched gas, exceeding or equaling A 1heating steel element in the temperature range of transformation temperature, this RX gas is the gas by propane flammable gas and air being mixed in reforming furnace the temperature being also heated to exceed or equal 1000 DEG C in the presence of a catalyst and the endothermic conversion obtained.In this stage, in atmosphere, ammonia is not added.Therefore, the carbon amounts of steel element surface layer reaches the analog value of carbon potential in atmosphere.Surface due to steel element have formed in the step (S20) containing vanadium film and the nitrogen comprised in RX gas in air, nitrogen invades the upper layer of steel element.As a result, steel element, through carburizing, forms nitrogen-enriched layer at the upper layer of steel element.
Then, carry out step (S40) sudden cold-cure step.In this step (S40), to the steel element having carried out carbo-nitridization in step (S30) carry out sudden cold-sclerosis.Particularly, by from exceeding or equaling A 1the temperature range of transformation temperature is reduced to less than or equal to M sthe temperature range of point is exceeding in step (S30) or is equaling A 1the steel element having carried out carbo-nitridization in the temperature range of transformation temperature carry out sudden cold-sclerosis.Therefore, the whole steel element comprising nitrogen-enriched layer through sudden cold-sclerosis, thus provide high-fatigue strength and wear resistance to steel element.
Then, the tempering step of step (S50) is carried out.In this step (S50), to carry out in step (S40) sudden cold-the steel element of sclerosis carries out tempering.Particularly, in step (S50), by carry out in step (S40) sudden cold-the steel element of sclerosis is heated to less than or equal to A 1the temperature of transformation temperature also cools to carry out drawing process subsequently.
Then, the purification step of step (S60) is carried out.In this step (S60), refining processing is carried out with the mechanical part completing such as parts of bearings to the steel element obtained by carrying out step (S10) to (S50).Particularly, in step (S60), polishing etc. is carried out to complete mechanical part to tempered steel element.By above-mentioned process, complete the method for the manufacturing machine parts of present embodiment with the mechanical part produced.
In the method for the manufacturing machine parts of present embodiment, heating has the steel element containing vanadium film formed on surface and has the mechanical part of nitrogen-enriched layer to manufacture in containing nitrogen and not containing the atmosphere of ammonia.In the method for the manufacturing machine parts of present embodiment, do not increased the formation of nitrogen-enriched layer by undecomposed ammonia.Therefore, allow heat treated at high temperature, and the decomposition of ammonia need not be considered.As a result, in the method for the manufacturing machine parts of present embodiment, at high temperature carry out the process forming nitrogen-enriched layer, make it possible to shorten the heat treated time.In addition, owing to not using ammonia in a manufacturing method, the consumption of used unit in heat treatment furnace can be suppressed to reduce equipment maintenance and management cost.Therefore, the method for manufacturing machine parts according to the present embodiment, by not using the rapid thermal process of ammonia to be manufactured on the mechanical part that upper layer has nitrogen-enriched layer.
The steel element be made up of the steel containing 0.1 quality % or more vanadium by preparation in step (S10) is also oxidized this steel element in step (S20), can be easy to be formed containing vanadium film.At this, by lower than A 1be oxidized in the temperature range of transformation temperature, do not undergo phase transition in oxidising process and the change in shape because thermal treatment causes or distortion can be suppressed.In addition, by the A lower than steel 1be oxidized in the temperature range of transformation temperature, the parent phase of steel remains on ferrite state, and wherein the solid solubility limit of carbon is low, and can suppress the generation of decarburization.By being oxidized under 500 DEG C or higher temperature, can efficiently be formed containing vanadium film.Formed containing vanadium film in order to efficient further, in step (S20), the temperature of oxidation can be set as 600 DEG C or higher or 650 DEG C or higher.
At this, the heat treatment atmosphere adopted in step (S30) can be the gaseous mixture of nitrogen and reducing gas.Therefore, available nitrogenous reductibility heat treatment atmosphere forms nitrogen-enriched layer, and this nitrogen is cheap and is easy to obtain as nitrogen supply (NS) source.Therefore, heat treated cost can be reduced.
The heat treatment atmosphere adopted in step (S30) can contain nitrogen and can have less than or equal to 10 -16the oxygen partial pressure of Pa.By containing reducing gas, this heat treatment atmosphere can have less than or equal to 10 -16the oxygen partial pressure of Pa.Such as, hydrogen can be adopted as reducing gas.Therefore, can use containing nitrogen and have the suppressed heat treatment atmosphere to low-level oxidation capacity, this nitrogen is cheap and is easy to obtain as nitrogen supply (NS) source.Therefore, heat treated cost can be reduced.
An example of carrying out the detailed process of step (S20) to (S40) is described referring now to Fig. 2.With reference to figure 2, batch furnace 1 comprises thermal chamber 11, be arranged on the carrier portion 12 in thermal chamber 11 base wall and the entrance 13 be arranged in the wall surface of thermal chamber and venting port 14.Entrance 13 can be connected with gas supply source (not shown) and when entrance is connected with required gas supply source by providing atmospheric gas in entrance 13 heat treated room 11.Venting port 14 can be connected with gas barrier (not shown) and be discharged by the atmospheric gas in heat treatment furnace by venting port 14.This batch furnace 1 of use as described below can carry out step (S20) to (S40).
First, in step (S20), the steel element 90 of preparation in step (S10) is arranged on the carrier portion 12 in thermal chamber 11.Then, be oxidizing atmosphere by the internal regulation of thermal chamber 11.At this, discharge the gas in thermal chamber 11 by venting port 14 and then provide oxidizing gas by entrance 13, thus be oxidizing atmosphere by the internal regulation of thermal chamber 11, or when entrance 13 and venting port 14 pairs of air open, can be oxidizing atmosphere by the internal regulation of thermal chamber 11.Then, in the thermal chamber 11 being adjusted to oxidizing atmosphere, steel element 90 is heated to be not less than 500 DEG C and lower than the A of steel making steel element 90 1the temperature range internal oxidition of transformation temperature.Therefore, formed containing vanadium film in the region on surface comprising steel element 90.
When step (S20) completes, carry out step (S30) continuously.In step (S30), first, the atmosphere in thermal chamber 11 is replaced by heat treatment atmosphere.Particularly, discharge the atmospheric gas in thermal chamber 11 by venting port 14 and provide heat treatment atmosphere (such as, the gaseous mixture of nitrogen and reducing gas) by entrance 13, thus replacing the inside of thermal chamber 11 by heat treatment atmosphere.Then, in thermal chamber 11, heat steel element 90, such as, be heated to be not less than 750 DEG C and not higher than the temperature range of 1000 DEG C, be preferably heated to be not less than 850 DEG C and not higher than the temperature range crossing 950 DEG C, this temperature range is not less than A 1transformation temperature, makes to form nitrogen-enriched layer at the upper layer of steel element 90.At this, after step (S20) completes and before carrying out step (S30), steel element 90 can be cooled to room temperature.But, after completing steps (S20), carry out step (S30) continuously and steel element 90 be not cooled to room temperature, thus reduce energy needed for thermal treatment and the heat treated time can be shortened.
When step (S30) completes, carry out step (S40) continuously.In step (S40), from batch furnace 1, take out the steel element 90 with the nitrogen-enriched layer of formation and by such as immerse in oil bath carry out sudden cold-sclerosis.By above-mentioned process, batch furnace 1 can be used to carry out step (S20) efficiently to (S40).
Or, above-mentioned steps (S20) can be carried out to (S40) by use continuous oven as described below.With reference to figure 3, continuous oven 2 comprises the oxidized still 21 as oxidation unit, by the nitriding furnace 22 (these forwarders be used as between transport unit) being used as nitrogen-enriched layer forming apparatus that forwarder 24 and 25 is connected with oxidized still 21, and sudden cold oil bath 23 (it is used as the sudden device for cooling that is connected with nitriding furnace 22 and fills sudden cold oil).In sudden cold oil bath 23, be provided with the forwarder 26 of the workpiece delivered out in sudden cold oil bath 23.Step (S20) can be carried out to (S40) by this continuous oven 2 of use as described below.
First, in step (S20), the steel element 90 of preparation in step (S10) is placed on forwarder 24.Therefore, transmit steel element 90 by forwarder 24 and enter oxidized still 21.Because oxidized still 21 inside is open to such as air, it is set to air atmosphere.In oxidized still 21, steel element 90 is heated to be not less than 500 DEG C and lower than the A of steel making steel element 90 1the temperature range internal oxidition of transformation temperature.Therefore, formed containing vanadium film in the region on surface comprising steel element 90.
Then, in step (S30), transmit steel element 90 along the arrow α on forwarder 24 and 25 and enter nitriding furnace 22.At this, steel element 90 can enter nitriding furnace 22 and not be cooled to room temperature.By the atmosphere that nitriding furnace 22 internal regulation is the gaseous mixture of nitrogen and reducing gas, as the atmosphere that nitrogen and hydrogen mix.Then, steel element 90 is heated to be not less than A in nitriding furnace 22 1the temperature range of transformation temperature.Therefore, nitrogen-enriched layer is formed at the upper layer of steel element 90.
Then, forwarder 25 transmits the steel element 90 with the nitrogen-enriched layer of formation, make it fall into sudden cold oil bath 23 along arrow β.Therefore, steel element 90 through fast cooling and sudden cold-sclerosis.Then, on forwarder 26 by through sudden cold-sclerosis steel element 90 deliver out sudden cold oil bath 23.By above-mentioned process, use continuous oven 2 completing steps (S20) to (S40).Therefore by using continuous oven 2, step (S20) can be carried out efficiently to (S40) and the efficiency of production machinery parts can be improved.
(the second embodiment)
Referring now to Fig. 4, the second embodiment as another embodiment of the invention is described.To carry out the method for the manufacturing machine parts according to the second embodiment with the mode of the first embodiment basic simlarity.But the difference of the method for the method of the manufacturing machine parts of the second embodiment and the manufacturing machine parts of the first embodiment is to comprise heat forged step.
In the method for the manufacturing machine parts according to the second embodiment, in step (S10), prepare the steel containing exceeding or equal 0.1 quality % vanadium similarly with the first embodiment.The shape of heat forged steel element can be produced by being formed in the step (S21) that hereinafter will describe.
Subsequently, the heat forged step of step (S21) is carried out.In this step (S21), steel element is through heat forged.Particularly, such as, steel element formation is made by heat forged in atmosphere.In this stage, be oxidized the upper layer of steel element by the oxygen in air.As a result, in steel in vanadium and steel in carbon and air the reaction of nitrogen cause being formed on the surface of steel element containing vanadium film, specifically V-N film, V-C film, V-C-N film etc.
Then, skip step (S20), and carry out step (S30) similarly to (S60), to complete mechanical part with the first embodiment.
In the method for the manufacturing machine parts of present embodiment, utilize the heat forged step in manufacturing processed to carry out the oxidation of steel element.Therefore, the method can carrying out manufacturing machine parts of the present invention suppresses the increase of manufacturing step simultaneously.
Embodiment
(embodiment 1)
Carry out testing to determine, by lower than A 1oxidation in the temperature range of transformation temperature is formed containing vanadium film, heats and can form nitrogen-enriched layer subsequently in containing nitrogen and not containing the heat treatment atmosphere atmosphere of ammonia.Process in experiment is as follows.
Prepare the steel (adding the steel of 1.02 quality % vanadium to the SUJ2 meeting JIS) that is made up of the vanadium of the silicon of the carbon of 1.00 quality %, 0.31 quality %, the manganese of 0.46 quality %, the chromium of 1.51 quality % and 1.02 quality % and remaining iron and impurity and be processed into designated shape.The 10 hour oxidations of test block through being heated to 700 DEG C in atmosphere of gained, it is lower than A 1the temperature of transformation temperature.In order to compare, the 1.5 hour oxidations of similar test block through being heated to 950 DEG C in atmosphere, it is for being not less than A 1the temperature of transformation temperature.These test blocks are heated to 950 DEG C and keep 12 hours in the gaseous mixture containing the nitrogen of 50 volume % and the hydrogen of 50 volume %.The nitrogen concentration profile of the upper layer of the test block of gained is analyzed with electron detection differential analyzer (EPMA).Fig. 5 shows the result of analysis.In Figure 5, X-coordinate representative leave surface the degree of depth (distance) and ordinate zou represents nitrogen concentration.In Figure 5, fine rule correspond to through 950 DEG C oxidation sample and thick line correspond to through 700 DEG C oxidation sample.
With reference to figure 5, even if when at 700 DEG C, (it is lower than A 1the temperature of transformation temperature) when being oxidized, obtain with at 950 DEG C, (it is not less than A 1the temperature of transformation temperature) sufficient nitrogen concentration profile suitable when being oxidized.Therefore, by lower than A 1be oxidized at the temperature of transformation temperature, can suppress due to mechanical part thermal treatment and there is dimensional change and the distortion of decarburization, form the nitrogen-enriched layer with suitable nitrogen concentration profile simultaneously.
(embodiment 2)
Carry out testing confirming being formed containing after vanadium film and the need of being cooled to room temperature before carrying out nitriding by oxidation.
First, test block is produced from the steel (as added the steel of 1.02 quality % vanadium to the SUJ2 meeting JIS) similar to embodiment 1.Through being heated to 700 DEG C in atmosphere, (it is lower than A to this test block 1the temperature of transformation temperature) oxidation, and after this, continuously and not cooling, this test block is heated to 950 DEG C and keeps 6 hours in the gas mixture atmosphere containing 50 volume % nitrogen and 50 volume % hydrogen.After this, as embodiment 1 nitrogen concentration profile of the upper layer of EPMA detection test block.Fig. 6 shows the result of detection.In figure 6, X-coordinate representative leave surface the degree of depth (distance) and ordinate zou represents nitrogen concentration.
With reference to figure 6, even if when the cooling step cooled steel after carrying out nitriding continuously and deliberately omit oxidation, obtain the nitrogen-enriched layer with sufficient nitrogen concentration profile.Therefore, by carrying out nitridation steps and cooling step after not being oxidized, the energy needed for thermal treatment can be reduced and the heat treated time can be shortened.Such as, the batch furnace described in above-mentioned embodiment or continuous oven can be used to carry out this heat treatment process.
Should be understood that in all fields, embodiment as herein described and embodiment are illustrative rather than restrictive.By the term of claim but not above-mentioned specification sheets defines scope of the present invention, and scope of the present invention is included in the equivalents of the term of any modification within the scope of this and claim.
Industrial applicibility
The method of manufacturing machine parts of the present invention can specifically be preferably applied to be manufactured on the method that upper layer has the mechanical part of nitrogen-enriched layer.
Invoking marks list
1: batch furnace; 2: continuous oven; 11: thermal chamber; 12: carrier portion; 13: entrance; 14: venting port; 21: oxidized still; 22: nitriding furnace; 23 sudden cold oil baths; 24,25,26: forwarder; With 90: steel element.

Claims (10)

1. a method for manufacturing machine parts, said method comprising the steps of:
Prepare components made of steel;
Formed on the surface of described element containing vanadium film; And
By containing nitrogen and the element having a film of described formation described in heating in the atmosphere do not formed containing the heat treatment atmosphere of ammonia forms nitrogen-enriched layer,
Prepare in the step of element described, prepare the element be made up of the steel of the vanadium containing 0.1 quality % or higher, and
In the step of described formation film, this element is heated to be not less than 500 DEG C and lower than the A of described steel 1the temperature range internal oxidition of transformation temperature.
2. the method for manufacturing machine parts as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
Described heat treatment atmosphere comprises the gas of endothermic conversion.
3. the method for manufacturing machine parts as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
Described heat treatment atmosphere is the gaseous mixture of nitrogen and reducing gas.
4. the method for manufacturing machine parts as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
Described heat treatment atmosphere comprises nitrogen and has less than or equal to 10 -16the oxygen partial pressure of Pa.
5. the method for manufacturing machine parts as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that
Described heat treatment atmosphere comprises reducing gas to make it have less than or equal to 10 -16the oxygen partial pressure of Pa.
6. the method for manufacturing machine parts as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that
Described reducing gas is hydrogen.
7. the method for the manufacturing machine parts according to any one of claim 1-6, is characterized in that
Carry out the step of described formation nitrogen-enriched layer, the element being heated to described temperature range described in making is not cooled to room temperature in the step of described formation film.
8. the method for the manufacturing machine parts according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that
In the step of described formation film, in thermal chamber, in oxidizing atmosphere, heat described element, and
In the step of described formation nitrogen-enriched layer, replace the atmosphere in described thermal chamber and element described in described thermal treatment heating indoor subsequently by described heat treatment atmosphere, thus form described nitrogen-enriched layer.
9. the method for the manufacturing machine parts according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, described method also can comprise sudden cold-step of the described element that hardens, its by by the described element with the nitrogen-enriched layer of formation from exceeding or equaling described A 1the temperature of transformation temperature is cooled to less than or equal to M sthe temperature of point, wherein
In the step of described formation film, when described element is oxidized in oxidation furnaces, form described film,
In the step of described formation nitrogen-enriched layer, via transport unit, the element being formed with described film is sent to nitrogen-enriched layer forming apparatus, then in described nitrogen-enriched layer forming apparatus, form described nitrogen-enriched layer, described nitrogen-enriched layer forming apparatus is connected with described oxidation unit by transport unit, and
Described sudden cold-harden in the step of described element, described element in the sudden device for cooling be connected with described nitrogen-enriched layer forming apparatus through sudden cold-harden.
10. the method for manufacturing machine parts as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein, is characterized in that
Described mechanical part is the parts forming rolling bearing.
CN201380048538.3A 2012-09-19 2013-09-12 Method for producing machine part Pending CN104641015A (en)

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