CN104609364B - Preparation method and the system of high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method and system of high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble, mainly comprise vavuum pump group, multi-channel tube, vacuum valve, buffer gas gas bomb, pressure gauge, buffer gas apotheca, the part such as alkali metal atom steam bottle and quartz bulb that can break up sealed knot. It is characterized in that forming buffer gas mixing chamber between described valve 31 and valve 35, with so that two kinds of buffer gas evenly mix according to required ratio, then diffuse into vapour of an alkali metal bubble simultaneously. The invention solves the asynchronism(-nization) that diffuses into alkali metal atom steam bubble due to two kinds of buffer gas in common inflation method causes buffer gas pressure actual in alkali metal atom steam bubble and required pressure to have the very problem of large deviation, can the accurate pressure of controlling mixed buffer gas, for the research fields such as high-performance atomic clock and accurate measurement physics provide a kind of method of making high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom bubble.

Description

Preparation method and the system of high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble

Technical field

The present invention relates to alkali metal atom steam bubble atomic clock technical field, particularly a kind of high accuracy mixed buffer gasThe preparation method of alkali metal atom steam bubble and system.

Background technology

Rubidium atomic clock is because the high and excellent short-term frequency stability of its compact conformation, reliability was from twentieth century 60 yearsSince generation, be widely applied in fields such as satellite navigation location, communications. Enter 21st century, due to atomic clock technologyDevelopment has produced pulsed light pumping atomic clock, and because it can eliminate optical frequency shift, its frequency stability can reach 6E-15 ten thousandSecond, be the spaceborne clock of high-performance of satellite navigation system first-selection of future generation. The core component of rubidium atomic clock is rubidium atomic clock steam bubble,It comprises isotope rubidium and mixed buffer gas. Nineteen fifty-three, Dicke proposes to utilize inert buffer gas to make the rubidium in bubbleThereby atom is confined to one to be reduced dopplerbroadening among a small circle and reduces because of rubidium atom and the inelastic collision of bubble wallThe relaxation causing, so-called Dicke effect that Here it is. It is slow that collision between buffer gas and rubidium atom produces clock jump frequencyThe frequency displacement of qi of chong channel ascending adversely body. Buffer gas frequency displacement is the quadratic function of temperature, shown in (1),

Δν＝Ρ(β+δΔT+γΔT²)(1)

Wherein P is buffer gas pressure, and β is frequency displacement coefficient, and δ is single order temperature coefficient, and γ is second-order temperature coefficient. ExperimentFind that second-order temperature coefficient is much smaller than single order temperature coefficient, therefore, buffer gas frequency displacement is mainly by frequency displacement factor beta and single order temperatureCoefficient δ determines. Adopt the frequency displacement of two kinds of mixed buffer gas as shown in formula (2)

Δν＝P_s(β'+δ'ΔT+γ'ΔT²)(2)

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\β}}^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\β}}_1+{\mathrm{r\β}}_2}{1+r}---\left(3\right)$

${\mathrm{\δ}}^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\δ}}_1+{\mathrm{r\δ}}_2}{1+r}---\left(4\right)$

${\mathrm{\γ}}^{\′}=\frac{{\mathrm{\γ}}_1+{\mathrm{r\γ}}_2}{1+r}---\left(5\right)$

$r=\frac{P_2}{P_1}---\left(6\right)$

P_s＝P₁+P₂(7)

R is the pressure ratio of two kinds of buffer gas, P_sIt is gross pressure. Different buffer gas, its frequency displacement coefficient and temperature systemNumber is not identical and have and just have negatively, therefore in steeping, is filled with two kinds of contrary buffer gas of single order temperature coefficient symbol of proper proportionThereby can offset single order temperature coefficient is close to zero its total temperature coefficient to reduce temperature fluctuation stable to atomic frequencyThe impact of degree. It is actual in rubidium atomic clock that what select is nitrogen and argon gas, the effect of nitrogen be bury in oblivion fluorescence and argon gas be forReduce temperature coefficient, their frequency displacement coefficient and single order temperature coefficient are as shown in table 1.

Table 1 argon gas and nitrogen frequency displacement coefficient and single order temperature coefficient

	βb/ν0(10-9Torr-1)	δb/ν0(10-12℃-1Torr-1)
			Ar	-8.7±0.3	-51±2 1 -->
N2	81.9±1.2	79±2

Common alkali metal atom steam bubble making method is first to fill a kind of buffer gas to fill another kind of buffer gas again, byDiffuse into the asynchronism(-nization) of quartz bulb in two kinds of buffer gas, cause buffer gas pressure actual in alkali metal atom steam bubbleHave very large difference with required pressure, show as the buffer gas proportion first filling very large, after the gas proportion that fillsVery little.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed in alkali metal atom steam bubble manufacturing process due to two kinds of buffer gas diffuse into quartz bulb timeBetween different, cause buffer gas pressure actual in alkali metal atom steam bubble and required pressure to have the very problem of large deviation,A kind of preparation method and system of the vapour of an alkali metal bubble that can accurately control mixed buffer gas pressure have been proposed.

Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A manufacturing system for high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble, its feature is, comprises vacuumPump group, the first multi-channel tube, the first vacuum valve, the second vacuum valve, the 3rd vacuum valve, the 4th vacuum valve, the 5th trueEmpty valve, the first buffer gas gas bomb, the second buffer gas gas bomb, pressure gauge, the second multi-channel tube, can break up sealed knotAlkali metal atom steam bottle and quartz bulb;

The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows:

Described vavuum pump group is connected with one end of described the first multi-channel tube through many first vacuum valves, and these are more than first years oldThe other end of tube channel is connected with one end of described the second multi-channel tube through the 4th described vacuum valve, this second multichannelThe middle part of pipe is connected with described alkali metal atom steam bottle, and the other end of this second multi-channel tube is by the 5th described vacuumValve is connected with described quartz bulb;

In the first multi-channel tube between the first described vacuum valve and the 4th vacuum valve, be provided with successively second trueEmpty valve, the 3rd vacuum valve and pressure gauge, the second described vacuum valve is connected with the first buffer gas gas bomb, describedThe 3rd vacuum valve is connected with the second buffer gas gas bomb.

The first multi-channel tube between the 4th described vacuum valve and the 5th vacuum valve forms buffer gas mixing chamber,With so that two kinds of buffer gas diffuse into quartz bulb after evenly mixing according to required ratio simultaneously.

A preparation method for high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble, its feature is, the method bagDraw together following steps:

The conduit volume of 1. establishing between the first vacuum valve and the 4th vacuum valve is V₁, the 4th vacuum valve and describedConduit volume between five vacuum valves is V₂, the conduit volume between the 5th vacuum valve and quartz bulb is V₃；

2. open the first vacuum valve, the 4th vacuum valve and the 5th vacuum valve, close the second vacuum valve and the 3rdVacuum valve, is extracted into required vacuum (10 by described system^-7Torr)；

3. close the 4th vacuum valve, break up the sealed knot of alkali metal atom steam bottle and heat alkali metal atom steam bottle and makeAlkali metal atom diffusion of vapor is entered quartz bulb, and condenses in the blast pipe position of quartz bulb;

4. close the first vacuum valve and the 5th vacuum valve, open the second vacuum valve and the 4th vacuum valve, to V₁And V₂In volume pipeline, be filled with the first buffer gas;

5. the pressure of establishing the first buffer gas needing in final quartz bulb is P₁, wait until that manometric reading equalsP₁₀Time, close the second vacuum valve;

6. close the 4th vacuum valve and make V₂Pressure in volume pipeline remains P₁₀；

7. open the first vacuum valve by V₁The first buffer gas in volume pipeline is found time;

8. close the first vacuum valve, open the 3rd vacuum valve, to V₁In volume pipeline, be filled with the second buffer gas;

9. the pressure of establishing the second buffer gas needing in final quartz bulb is P₂, wait until that manometric reading equalsP₂₀Time, close the 3rd vacuum valve;

10. opening the 4th vacuum valve fully mixes two kinds of buffer gas;

(11) open the 5th vacuum valve and make mixed buffer gas diffuse into quartz bulb simultaneously, the buffering in quartz bulbGas pressure intensity reaches required P1 and P2;

(12) use oxyhydrogen flame sealed knot quartz bulb blast pipe, take off quartz bulb.

Described step 5. with step 9. in the reading of pressure gauge (5), computing formula is as follows:

$P_0=P_1\frac{V_1+V_2+V_3}{V_2}---\left(8\right)$

$P_{20}=P_2\frac{V_1+V_2+V_3}{V_1}---\left(9\right)$

Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention is: solved buffering actual in alkali metal atom steam bubbleGas pressure and required pressure have the very problem of large deviation.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble manufacturing system schematic diagram.

Number in the figure:

1 vavuum pump group 2 first multi-channel tube

31 first vacuum valve 32 second vacuum valves

33 the 3rd vacuum valve 34 the 4th vacuum valves

35 the 5th vacuum valve 41 first buffer gas gas gas bombs

42 second buffer gas gas gas bomb 5 pressure gauges

6 second multi-channel tube 7 can be broken up the alkali metal atom steam bottle of sealed knot

8 quartz bulb

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with example and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, but should not limit protection model of the present invention with thisEnclose.

Refer to accompanying drawing, accompanying drawing is a kind of manufacturing system signal of high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubbleFigure. As seen from the figure, the formation of the manufacturing system of high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble of the present invention comprises vacuumPump group 1, the first multi-channel tube 2, the first vacuum valves 31, the second vacuum valve 32, the 3rd vacuum valve 33, the 4th vacuum valve34, the 5th vacuum valve 35, the first buffer gas gas bombs 41, the second buffer gas gas bomb 42, pressure gauge more than 5, the second is logicalDeferent 6, alkali metal atom steam bottle 7 and the quartz bulb 8 that can break up sealed knot. Concrete connected mode is as follows:

The first described multi-channel tube 2 is main frameworks of whole system, is made up of stainless steel material, and its one end is connected withThe first vacuum valve 31; These the first vacuum valve 31 other ends are connected with vavuum pump group 1, and the first described multi-channel tube 2 successivelyBe connected with the second vacuum valve 32, the 3rd vacuum valve 33, pressure gauge 5 and the 4th vacuum valve 34, described the first vacuum valve31 and described the 4th vacuum valve 34 between conduit volume be V₁; The second described vacuum valve 32 and the 3rd vacuum valve 33Be connected with respectively the first buffer gas gas bomb 41 and the second buffer gas gas bomb 42; The 4th described vacuum valve 34 anotherOne end is connected with the second multi-channel tube 6; Described the second multi-channel tube 6 is connected with the alkali metal atom steam bottle 7 that can break up sealed knotWith the 5th vacuum valve 35, the conduit volume between described the 4th vacuum valve 34 and described the 5th vacuum valve 35 is V₂; InstituteState the 5th vacuum valve 35 and be connected with quartz bulb 8, described the 5th vacuum valve 35 is V to the volume between quartz bulb 8₃。

First measurement volumes ratio, step is as follows:

1) open vacuum valve 31,34 and 35, close vacuum valve 32 and 33, whole system is extracted into required vacuum (10^{- 7}Torr), close vacuum valve 31,34 and 35, at V₁Volume is filled with a certain amount of gas, and pressure gauge 5 readings are P_a；

2) open vacuum valve 34, make V₁And V₂Be communicated with, pressure gauge 5 readings are P_b；

3) open vacuum valve 35, make V₁、V₂And V₃Be communicated with, pressure gauge 5 readings are P_c。

Have according to The Ideal-Gas Equation

V₁P_a＝(V₁+V₂)P_b＝(V₁+V₂+V₃)P_c(10)

Obtain

$\frac{V_2}{V_1}=\frac{P_a-P_b}{P_b}---\left(11\right)$

$\frac{V_1+V_2}{V_1+V_2+V_3}=\frac{P_c}{P_b}---\left(12\right)$

The preparation method of alkali metal atom steam bubble is as follows: the first step is opened vacuum valve 31,34 and 35 and closed vacuum valveWhole system is extracted into required vacuum (10 by door 32 and 33^-7Torr); Second step is closed vacuum valve 34 and is broken up alkali metal atomThe sealed knot of steam bottle 7 also heats alkali metal atom steam bottle and makes alkali metal atom diffusion of vapor enter quartz bulb and condense in quartz bulb8 blast pipe position; The 3rd step is closed vacuum valve 31 and 35 and is opened vacuum valve 32 and 34 to V₁And V₂In volume, be filled with firstPlant buffer gas 41, suppose that the pressure of the buffer gas 41 of 8 li of needs of final quartz bulb is P₁, wait until the reading of pressure gauge 5Equal P₁₀Time close vacuum valve 32, close vacuum valve 34 and make V₂In volume, keeping pressure is P₁₀; The 4th step is opened vacuum valveDoor 31 is by V₁The first buffer gas in volume is found time; The 5th step is closed vacuum valve 31 and is opened vacuum valve 33, to V₁VolumeInside be filled with the second buffer gas 42, suppose that the pressure of the buffer gas 42 of 8 li of needs of final quartz bulb is P₂, wait until pressureThe reading of meter 5 equals P₂₀Time close vacuum valve 33; The 6th step is opened vacuum valve 34 fully mixes two kinds of buffer gas; TheSeven steps are opened the mixed buffer gas of vacuum valve 35 and are diffused into quartz bulb 8 simultaneously, the buffer gas pressure in quartz bulbReach required P₁And P₂; The 8th step is closed vacuum valve 35 use oxyhydrogen flame sealed knot quartz bulb blast pipes, takes off quartz bulb.

Have according to The Ideal-Gas Equation

P₁₀V₂＝P₁₁(V₁+V₂)＝P₁(V₁+V₂+V₃)(13)

P₂₀V₁＝P₂₁(V₁+V₂)＝P₂(V₁+V₂+V₃)(14)

Can draw from (13) formula:

$P_0=P_1\frac{V_1+V_2+V_3}{V_2}---\left(15\right)$

Simultaneous (11), (12) and (15) formula can draw:

$P_{10}=\frac{P_a}{P_a-P_b}\frac{P_b}{P_c}{P}_1---\left(16\right)$

Make P_s＝P₁+P₂For the gross pressure in steam bubble,It is the pressure ratio of two buffer gas. Have:

$P_{10}=\frac{P_a}{P_a-P_b}\frac{P_b}{P_c}\frac{P_s}{1+r}---\left(17\right)$

In like manner can release:

$P_{20}=\frac{P_a}{P_c}\frac{{\mathrm{rP}}_s}{1+r}---\left(18\right)$

The invention solves in alkali metal atom steam bubble manufacturing process because two kinds of buffer gas diffuse into quartz bulbAsynchronism(-nization), causes buffer gas pressure actual in alkali metal atom steam bubble and required pressure to have asking very much of large deviationTopic makes two kinds of buffer gas after mix buffer gas mixed zone, diffuse into quartz bulb according to required ratio simultaneously again, thisMethod can the accurate pressure proportional of controlling two kinds of buffer gas, thereby its total temperature coefficient being close to zero reduce temperature risesThe impact of volt on atomic frequency stability.

Claims (4)

1. a manufacturing system for high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble, is characterized in that, comprises vavuum pumpGroup (1), the first multi-channel tube (2), the first vacuum valve (31), the second vacuum valve (32), the 3rd vacuum valve (33), the 4thVacuum valve (34), the 5th vacuum valve (35), the first buffer gas gas bomb (41), the second buffer gas gas bomb (42),Pressure gauge (5), the second multi-channel tube (6), the alkali metal atom steam bottle (7) that can break up sealed knot and quartz bulb (8);

The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows:

Described vavuum pump group (1) is connected with one end of described the first multi-channel tube (2) by the first vacuum valve (31), thisThe other end of the first multi-channel tube (2) is the one end with described the second multi-channel tube (6) through the 4th described vacuum valve (34)Be connected, the middle part of this second multi-channel tube (6) is connected with described alkali metal atom steam bottle (7), this second multi-channel tube (6)The other end be connected with described quartz bulb (8) by the 5th described vacuum valve (35);

In the first multi-channel tube (2) between described the first vacuum valve (31) and the 4th vacuum valve (34), be provided with successivelyThe second vacuum valve (32), the 3rd vacuum valve (33) and pressure gauge (5), described the second vacuum valve (32) and the first bufferingGas gas bomb (41) is connected, and the 3rd described vacuum valve (33) is connected with the second buffer gas gas bomb (42).

2. the manufacturing system of high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble according to claim 1, its featureBe the first multi-channel tube (2) between described the first vacuum valve (31) and the 4th vacuum valve (34) and the 4th trueThe second multi-channel tube (6) between empty valve (34) and the 5th vacuum valve (35) forms buffer gas mixing chamber, uses so that twoPlant after buffer gas evenly mixes according to required ratio and diffuse into quartz bulb (8) simultaneously.

3. a preparation method for high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble, is characterized in that, the method comprisesFollowing steps:

The conduit volume of 1. establishing between the first vacuum valve (31) and the 4th vacuum valve (34) is V₁, the 4th vacuum valve (34)And the conduit volume between described the 5th vacuum valve (35) is V₂, the pipe between the 5th vacuum valve (35) and quartz bulb (8)Road volume is V₃；

2. open the first vacuum valve (31), the 4th vacuum valve (34) and the 5th vacuum valve (35), close the second vacuum valveDoor (32) and the 3rd vacuum valve (33), be extracted into required vacuum by system claimed in claim 1;

3. close the 4th vacuum valve (34), break up the sealed knot of alkali metal atom steam bottle (7) and heat alkali metal atom steamBottle makes alkali metal atom diffusion of vapor enter quartz bulb (8), and condenses in the blast pipe position of quartz bulb (8);

4. close the first vacuum valve (31) and the 5th vacuum valve (35), open the second vacuum valve (32) and the 4th vacuum valveDoor (34), to V₁And V₂In volume pipeline, be filled with the first buffer gas;

5. the pressure of establishing the inner the first buffer gas needing of final quartz bulb (8) is P₁, wait until the reading of pressure gauge (5) etc.In P₁₀Time, close the second vacuum valve (32);

6. close the 4th vacuum valve (34) and make V₂Pressure in volume pipeline remains P₁₀；

7. open the first vacuum valve (31) by V₁The first buffer gas in volume pipeline is found time;

8. close the first vacuum valve (31), open the 3rd vacuum valve (33), to V₁In volume pipeline, be filled with the second cushion gasBody;

9. the pressure of establishing the inner the second buffer gas needing of final quartz bulb (8) is P₂, wait until the reading of pressure gauge (5) etc.In P₂₀Time, close the 3rd vacuum valve (33);

10. opening the 4th vacuum valve (34) fully mixes two kinds of buffer gas;

(11) open the 5th vacuum valve (35) and make mixed buffer gas diffuse into quartz bulb (8) simultaneously, in quartz bulbBuffer gas pressure reaches required P₁And P₂；

(12) close the 5th vacuum valve (35) oxyhydrogen flame sealed knot quartz bulb blast pipe, take off quartz bulb.

4. the preparation method of high accuracy mixed buffer gas alkali metal atom steam bubble according to claim 3, its featureBe, described step 5. with step 9. in the reading of pressure gauge (5), computing formula is as follows:

$P_{10}=P_1\frac{V_1+V_2+V_3}{V_2}$

$P_{20}=P_2\frac{V_1+V_2+V_3}{V_1}.$