CN104593083A - Novel biomass step-by-step gasification method and device - Google Patents
Novel biomass step-by-step gasification method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104593083A CN104593083A CN201510015451.7A CN201510015451A CN104593083A CN 104593083 A CN104593083 A CN 104593083A CN 201510015451 A CN201510015451 A CN 201510015451A CN 104593083 A CN104593083 A CN 104593083A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention provides a novel biomass step-by-step gasification method and device and belongs to the fields of biomass energy and chemical utilization. Compared with the conventional biomass gasification, the method and device are maximumly characterized in that the pyrolysis zone and a combustion gasification zone in the biomass gasification process are separated, namely, a traditional gasification furnace is divided into two parts, namely, a pyrolysis furnace and a gasification furnace, during the running, biomass firstly enters the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing to generate a pyrolysis gas and solid carbon, the pyrolysis gas enters the gasification furnace to be mixed with air or oxygen-enriched gas and combusted to release heat, a combustion product and solid carbon powder just entering the gasification furnace are subjected to gasification reaction and finally a mixed gas with carbon monoxide and hydrogen serving as main ingredients is generated so as to provide an energy source or chemical use. The method and device have the advantage of being high in gasification intensity and are suitable for large-scale gasification of biomass and gasification products are almost free of tar.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel biomass substep gasification process and device, belong to biomass energy and chemical utilization field.
Background technology
Biomass energy is the sun power that plant is fixed up by photosynthesis, has storage capacity large, widely distributed advantage, and it utilizes on a large scale can effectively alleviating energy crisis and minimizing environmental pollution.Compared with other renewable energy sources, the advantage that biomass are the most outstanding is that it is unique reproducible carbon source, no matter is energy field or chemical field, and biomass can realize comprehensively substituting fossil oil.
Gasification is one of important way of Biomass Energy Utilization, is process solid biomass material being converted into combustible gas, can for gas turbine power generation, fuel cell power generation and industrial chemicals.Present stage, the kind of gasifier is mainly divided into: fixed-bed gasification furnace (comprising downdraft and updraft type), fluidized-bed gasification furnace and airflow bed gasification furnace.But, because biomass ash fusion point is low, when using fixed bed and fluidized-bed gasification furnace, easily there is the problems such as slagging scorification, limiting the temperature of vapourizing furnace, make gasification efficiency low, fuel gases calorific value is low, and due to lower temperature, makes in combustion gas containing a large amount of tar, blocking pipe, tar subtractive process easily causes secondary pollution.Air flow bed is owing to there being higher gasification temperature, it is made to have gasification intensity high, gasification efficiency is high, the advantage that aerogenesis tar content is low, be best suited for the mode that biomass gasify on a large scale, but, due to the physical properties of biomass, feed problems cannot effectively be solved, and biomass entrained flow bed gasification technology only rests on the experimental phase.
For solving this series of problems, domestic and international many scholars are proposed the gasification of biomass substep, but major part substep gasification installation is that pyrolysis oven and fixed bed simply combine, just merely by pyrolysis and gasification separation, not to being optimized whole gasification further, do not show the advantage of substep gasification, and due to the limitation of fixed bed, these gasification installations are not also suitable for the extensive gasification of biomass.Therefore, the present invention proposes the substep gasification mode of pyrolysis oven and the combination of special-shaped air flow bed on this basis, and designs the key issue in this gasification mode.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of prior art with not enough, the invention provides a kind of novel biomass gasification method and device, gasification intensity is high, is applicable to large-scale gasifying biomass.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of novel biomass substep gasification process, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are:
A) biomass material enters pyrolysis oven after preliminary treatment, and under the condition of external heat source or waste heat heat exchange, thermolysis becomes pyrolysis gas containing tar and biomass charcoal;
B) start vapourizing furnace, pyrolysis gas enters bottom vapourizing furnace with air or oxygen rich gas after pressurization, in pyrolysis gas nozzle place mixing also burning rapidly, generates the high-temperature gas mixture body based on carbonic acid gas and water vapour;
C) biomass charcoal sprays into from top of gasification furnace in air conveying mode through pressurization after grinding;
D) biomass charcoal sprays in vapourizing furnace, reacts with the carbonic acid gas generated from combustion zone and water vapour, and be that main gas leaves vapourizing furnace at gasification zone generation carbon monoxide and hydrogen, biomass ash enters molten slag bath with molten state.
Described step a) in, the pyrolysis temperature of pyrolysis oven is 400 ~ 600 DEG C.
Described step b) in, first open pyrolysis gas nozzle when vapourizing furnace starts, be warming up to 1300 DEG C after igniting, be forced into 3MPa in vapourizing furnace stove, open powdered carbon nozzle subsequently.
Described step c) in, the particle diameter after biomass charcoal grinds is less than 100 μm; Air conveying mode is nitrogen pneumatic conveying mode; Vapourizing furnace internal pressure is 0.1 ~ 6MPa.
Described step c) in, can in biomass charcoal blending coal dust to improve synthetic gas quality; Or water vapour can be sprayed in top of gasification furnace ingress to reduce CO/H in gasification zone temperature and synthetic gas
2volume ratio.
Described steps d) in, the temperature of reaction of gasification zone is 950 ~ 1400 DEG C; Deslagging mode is liquid molten deslagging.
Realize the device of a kind of novel biomass substep gasification process, described device comprises pyrolysis and combustion gasification two large regions, and pyrolysis zone comprises opening for feed, pyrolysis oven, shredder, lock hopper, issuance of materials tank and Pneumatic conveyer; Combustion gasification region comprises powdered carbon nozzle, pyrolysis gas nozzle, vapourizing furnace, air outlet and molten slag bath; Opening for feed is connected with pyrolysis oven, and pyrolysis oven connects shredder and pyrolysis gas nozzle respectively; Described shredder is connected successively with lock hopper, issuance of materials tank, Pneumatic conveyer, powdered carbon nozzle; Described vapourizing furnace comprises the inner core and urceolus that top interconnects, and be combustion zone in inner core, the combustion reactions of generation pyrolysis gas; Be gasification zone in urceolus, the gasification reaction of biomass charcoal and pyrolysis gas products of combustion occurs; Described pyrolysis gas nozzle is communicated with bottom the inner core of vapourizing furnace, and described powdered carbon nozzle is communicated with the urceolus top of vapourizing furnace; Described air outlet is arranged on the bottom of urceolus; The below of described vapourizing furnace connects molten slag bath.
The outer wall of described vapourizing furnace is the fire proofing tile being laid with water wall.
The exit of described inner core is in extending out type.
Described inner core is 1:2 ~ 1:4 with the diameter ratio of urceolus.
Compared with the present invention is gasified with traditional biomass, its maximum feature is, the pyrolysis zone of biomass gasification process and combustion gasification are distinguished, namely traditional vapourizing furnace is divided into pyrolysis oven and vapourizing furnace two portions, during operation, first biomass enter pyrolysis oven generation pyrolysis, produce pyrolysis gas and solid carbon, pyrolysis gas enters vapourizing furnace and air or oxygen rich gas mixed firing heat release subsequently, products of combustion reacts with the solid carbon powder generating gasification just entering vapourizing furnace, final generation is based on the mixed gas of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the energy or chemical industry is provided to use, gasification intensity is high, be applicable to gasifying on a large scale with biomass.
The present invention has the following advantages: (1) gasifier temperature is higher than general gasifier temperature, greatly can improve gasification intensity; (2) be pressurized environment in vapourizing furnace, do not need excessive oxygen to maintain hot conditions, and the speed of gasification reaction can be improved; (3) inner core temperature is high, and oxygen concn is higher, and nearly all tar is all removed by burning and thermo-cracking, makes gas mixture substantially not containing tar; (4) pyrolysis makes biomass charcoal more easily grind relative to raw material, thus solves the feed problems of vapourizing furnace; (5) powdered carbon at top and hot gas agent liquidate design, make solid and gas two-phase mixtures more abundant, can improve charcoal transformation efficiency, accelerate speed of reaction; (6) comparatively inner core is low for urceolus temperature, outer wall is designed to the fire proofing tile being laid with water wall, can provide the demand of water vapour, can play the double effects of protection furnace wall and insulation after the lime-ash of melting is solidified to inside outer wall, reduce heat lost by radiation, improve energy efficiency; (7) slag tap makes this gasification installation be applicable to most of biomass.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention structure iron;
Wherein, 1-opening for feed, 2-pyrolysis oven, 3-shredder, 4-lock hopper, 5-issuance of materials tank, 6-Pneumatic conveyer, 7-powdered carbon nozzle, 8-pyrolysis gas nozzle, 9-inner core, 10-urceolus, 11-air outlet, 12-molten slag bath, 13-coal dust, 14-nitrogen, 15-air, 16-water vapour.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, novel biomass substep gasification installation mainly comprises pyrolysis and combustion gasification two large regions, and pyrolysis zone comprises opening for feed 1, pyrolysis oven 2, shredder 3, lock hopper 4, issuance of materials tank 5 and Pneumatic conveyer 6; Combustion gasification region comprises powdered carbon nozzle 7, pyrolysis gas nozzle 8, inner core 9, urceolus 10, air outlet 11 and molten slag bath 12, vapourizing furnace is divided into inner core 9 and urceolus 10, be combustion zone in inner core 9, the main combustion reactions that pyrolysis gas of biomass occurs, inner core 9 exit is in extending out type; Urceolus 10 is gasification zone, the main gasification reaction that biomass charcoal and pyrolysis gas of biomass products of combustion occur.Pyrolysis oven 2 is kiln or spiral pyrolysis oven.Water wall is laid with in vapourizing furnace outer wall fire proofing tile.
The concrete steps of novel biomass substep gasification process are:
A) biomass material enters pyrolysis oven 2 after preliminary treatment, heat-dissipating cracking is issued in the condition of external heat source or waste heat heat exchange, in pyrolysis oven 2, temperature controls at 400 DEG C ~ 600 DEG C, under this temperature control condition, major part tar is separated out in biomass, generates the biomass charcoal of pyrolysis gas containing tar and slightly volatile matter;
B) pyrolysis gas is after pressurization, pass into bottom vapourizing furnace, at pyrolysis gas nozzle 8 place and air 15 or oxygen rich gas mixing and burning rapidly (Reasonable Regulation And Control amount of oxygen thus the temperature controlled in vapourizing furnace), top temperature can reach more than 1400 DEG C, generate the high-temperature gas mixture body based on carbonic acid gas and water vapour, continue up;
C) biomass charcoal that pyrolysis oven 2 produces enters lock hopper 4 after shredder 3 grinds, appropriate coal dust 13 (can regulate and improve gasification aerogenesis quality) can be added as required, send into high pressure issuance of materials tank 5 subsequently, spray into from top of gasification furnace powdered carbon nozzle 7 in air conveying mode after pressurization, and appropriate water vapour 16 (thus regulating gasification zone temperature and gas generating component) can be allocated as required into.
D) biomass charcoal sprays in vapourizing furnace, react with the hot carbonic acid gas generated from lower combustion district and the life of water vapour high turbulences hybrid concurrency, generation carbon monoxide and hydrogen are main gas (amount of mixing water vapour 16 by regulation and control regulates gasification zone temperature and gas generating component), because principal reaction is reduction reaction, gasification zone temperature reduces suddenly, drop to 950 ~ 1200 DEG C, unreacted powdered carbon and vaporized chemical descending continuation reaction in cylinder 10 outside subsequently, and the heat that Absorbable rod is outwards conducted heat by inner core 9, the gas mixture produced is discharged in stove by air outlet, bottom 11, terminate reaction biomass ash and enter molten slag bath 12 in a liquid-like manner.
Embodiment 1:
For Eucalyptus raw material, by reference to the accompanying drawings specific embodiment of the invention scheme is described by the line.
Eucalyptus raw material is through preliminary treatment, moisture content is dried to less than 15%, smash rear input pyrolysis furnace feed inlet 1, temperature is controlled in pyrolysis oven 2 at about 600 DEG C under the condition of external heat source, at this temperature, separate out by most of volatile in wood, in Eucalyptus charcoal, carbon accounts for as received basis more than 75%, account for ash free basis more than 90%, the Eucalyptus charcoal produced is ground to the powdered carbon of 50 microns for 3 times at shredder, enter lock hopper 4, send into high pressure issuance of materials tank 5 off and on, carried by Pneumatic conveyer 6 and spray into powdered carbon nozzle 7 above vapourizing furnace, simultaneously, the pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis oven 2, after pressurization, below vapourizing furnace, pyrolysis gas nozzle 8 enters vapourizing furnace, mix in inner core 9 with air and burn rapidly, Reasonable Regulation And Control amount of oxygen, control combustion district temperature 1300 DEG C, burning generates the high-temperature gas mixture body based on carbonic acid gas and water vapour, continue up, also react rapidly with the powdered carbon turbulent closure scheme sprayed into from powdered carbon nozzle 7, generation carbon monoxide and hydrogen are main gas, the amount that water vapour is mixed in regulation and control makes gasification zone temperature maintain more than 950 DEG C, unreacted powdered carbon and vaporized chemical descending continuation reaction in cylinder 10 outside subsequently, and the heat that Absorbable rod is outwards conducted heat by inner core 9, the gas mixture of final generation is discharged in stove by air outlet, bottom 11, terminate gasification, molten state Eucalyptus ash enters molten slag bath 12.
First open pyrolysis gas and air feed mouth when vapourizing furnace starts, be warming up to 1300 DEG C after igniting, be forced into about 3MPa in stove, open top powdered carbon nozzle 7 subsequently.
Embodiment 2:
When raw material is straw, straw pyrolysis rate is fast, and pyrolysis oven temperature control is to about 500 DEG C.Because straw Carbon yield is low, in charcoal, effective constituent is low, and for improving gasification aerogenesis quality, can mix appropriate coal dust 13 when gasifying in straw powdered carbon, other operating method conditions are similar to embodiment 1.
Claims (10)
1. a novel biomass substep gasification process, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are:
A) biomass material enters pyrolysis oven after preliminary treatment, and under the condition of external heat source or waste heat heat exchange, thermolysis becomes pyrolysis gas containing tar and biomass charcoal;
B) start vapourizing furnace, pyrolysis gas enters bottom vapourizing furnace with air or oxygen rich gas after pressurization, in pyrolysis gas nozzle place mixing also burning rapidly, generates the high-temperature gas mixture body based on carbonic acid gas and water vapour;
C) biomass charcoal sprays into from top of gasification furnace in air conveying mode through pressurization after grinding;
D) biomass charcoal sprays in vapourizing furnace, reacts with the carbonic acid gas generated from combustion zone and water vapour, and be that main gas leaves vapourizing furnace at gasification zone generation carbon monoxide and hydrogen, biomass ash enters molten slag bath with molten state.
2. a kind of novel biomass substep gasification process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step a) in, the pyrolysis temperature of pyrolysis oven is 400 ~ 600 DEG C.
3. a kind of novel biomass substep gasification process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step b) in, pyrolysis gas nozzle is first opened when vapourizing furnace starts, be warming up to 1300 DEG C after igniting, be forced into 3MPa in vapourizing furnace stove, open powdered carbon nozzle subsequently.
4. a kind of novel biomass substep gasification process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step c) in, the particle diameter after biomass charcoal grinds is less than 100 μm; Air conveying mode is nitrogen pneumatic conveying mode; Vapourizing furnace internal pressure is 0.1 ~ 6MPa.
5., according to a kind of novel biomass substep gasification process one of Claims 1-4 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, described step c) in, can in biomass charcoal blending coal dust to improve synthetic gas quality; Or spray into water vapour in top of gasification furnace ingress to reduce CO/H in gasification zone temperature and synthetic gas
2volume ratio.
6. a kind of novel biomass substep gasification process according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described steps d) in, the temperature of reaction of gasification zone is 950 ~ 1400 DEG C; Deslagging mode is liquid molten deslagging.
7. realize the device as weighed a kind of novel biomass substep gasification process as described in 1, it is characterized in that, described device comprises pyrolysis and combustion gasification two large regions, and pyrolysis zone comprises opening for feed, pyrolysis oven, shredder, lock hopper, issuance of materials tank and Pneumatic conveyer; Combustion gasification region comprises powdered carbon nozzle, pyrolysis gas nozzle, vapourizing furnace, air outlet and molten slag bath; Opening for feed is connected with pyrolysis oven, and pyrolysis oven connects shredder and pyrolysis gas nozzle respectively; Described shredder is connected successively with lock hopper, issuance of materials tank, Pneumatic conveyer, powdered carbon nozzle; Described vapourizing furnace comprises the inner core and urceolus that top interconnects, and be combustion zone in inner core, the combustion reactions of generation pyrolysis gas; Be gasification zone in urceolus, the gasification reaction of biomass charcoal and pyrolysis gas products of combustion occurs; Described pyrolysis gas nozzle is communicated with bottom the inner core of vapourizing furnace, and described powdered carbon nozzle is communicated with the urceolus top of vapourizing furnace; Described air outlet is arranged on the bottom of urceolus; The below of described vapourizing furnace connects molten slag bath.
8. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the outer wall of described vapourizing furnace is the fire proofing tile being laid with water wall.
9. device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the exit of described inner core is in extending out type.
10. according to the device one of claim 7 to 9 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, described inner core is 1:2 ~ 1:4 with the diameter ratio of urceolus.
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| CN104913633A (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2015-09-16 | 丁海涛 | Biomass fuel furnace for brightness |
| CN105001913A (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-10-28 | 青岛理工大学 | Device for producing combustible gas from carbon black through tyre pyrolysis and preparation method |
| CN105907424A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-31 | 河南晋煤天庆煤化工有限责任公司 | Method for gasifying anthracite by Lurgi gasifier |
| CN111054273A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2020-04-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Moving bed pyrolysis apparatus and method |
| CN112920820A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Solid waste degassing pyrolysis device and melting gasification system comprising same |
| CN115232646A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-25 | 童铨 | Biomass gasification hydrogen production recycling device |
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| CN105907424A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-08-31 | 河南晋煤天庆煤化工有限责任公司 | Method for gasifying anthracite by Lurgi gasifier |
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| CN112920820A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-08 | 中国五环工程有限公司 | Solid waste degassing pyrolysis device and melting gasification system comprising same |
| CN115232646A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-10-25 | 童铨 | Biomass gasification hydrogen production recycling device |
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Application publication date: 20150506 |