CN104563995A - 一种压裂混砂车 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种压裂混砂车,包括:底盘;设置于底盘上方的混砂装置,该混砂装置包括具有压裂砂入口、基液入口和压裂液出口的混砂器,该混砂器为闭式混合泵;能够往复转动且承载混砂装置的翻转支架,该翻转支架设置于底盘上;与翻转支架相连,且驱动翻转支架转动以使闭式混合泵的底座能够与地面接触的动力***,该动力***设置于底盘上。本发明提供的压裂混砂车采用闭式混合泵作为混砂器,通过能够转动的翻转支架承载混砂装置,使得闭式混砂泵的底座能够与地面接触,则提升了闭式混合泵的吸入能力,从而提高了该闭式混合泵的排量,则在不改变压裂混砂车占地面积的前提下,提高了该压裂混砂车的排量,进而能够满足大规模压裂作业的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及采油或者气设备技术领域,更具体地说,涉及一种压裂混砂车。
背景技术
压裂技术是指采油或采气过程中,利用液体压力作用,使油、气的储层形成裂缝的一种方法,其具体操作是采用高压大排量的泵,利用液体传压的原理,将具有一定粘度的液体(即压裂液),以大于储层的吸收能力的压力向储层注入,并使井筒内压力逐渐升高,从而在井底憋起高压,当此压力大于井壁附近的地应力和地层岩石的抗张强度时,便在井底附近地层产生裂缝,继续注入压裂液,裂缝向前延伸并填以压裂液,关井后压裂液存在于裂缝中,从而在井底附近地层内形成具有一定几何尺寸和高导流能力的填砂裂缝,使井达到增产增注的目的。其中,压裂液由作为溶剂的液体(一般称为基液)和作为溶质的压裂砂(如石英砂等)混配而成。
目前,伴随着页岩气、煤层气、致密气等一些非常规气田的投入开采,由于其地质结构复杂,钻井后即需要进行一系列的压裂作业后才能达到有经济价值的开采,这种压裂作业与传统压裂最大的区别是其压裂液的用量和排量远远超过传统的压裂作业,压裂作业使用的装备中,压裂混砂车是最重要的设备之一,传统的压裂混砂车是通过向一个混砂器(通常为混砂罐)中连续的加入各种配料,通过搅拌混合后再排出到下游设备。为了便于运输,通常混砂罐设置于压裂混砂车的底盘上且位于底盘的上方,由于混砂罐的体积较大,底盘上只能放置一个混砂罐。目前这种压裂混砂车其能够实现的最大排量是20m3/min,而这个排量不能满足当前大规模压裂作业的需求,所以可行的方式之一是通过增加压裂混砂车的数量来实现,但是,由于许多井场地处山地,井场面积较小,不可能为增加的压裂混砂车提供更多的场地。
综上所述,如何在不改变压裂混砂车占地面积的前提下,提高压裂混砂车的排量,以满足大规模压裂作业的需求,是目前本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种压裂混砂车,以在不改变压裂混砂车占地面积的前提下,提高该压裂混砂车的排量,进而满足大规模压裂作业的需求。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种压裂混砂车,包括:底盘;设置于所述底盘上方的混砂装置,所述混砂装置包括具有压裂砂入口、基液入口和压裂液出口的混砂器,所述混砂器为闭式混合泵;能够往复转动且承载所述混砂装置的翻转支架,所述翻转支架设置于所述底盘上;与所述翻转支架相连,且驱动所述翻转支架转动以使所述闭式混合泵的底座能够与地面接触的动力***,所述动力***设置于所述底盘上。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车中,所述混砂装置的压裂液导出管包括:第一导出管,和通过旋转接头与所述第一导出管连通的第二导出管;其中,所述第一导出管设置于所述底盘上,所述第一导出管的轴线与所述压裂混砂车的轮胎的轴线平行,所述翻转支架与所述第一导出管转动相连,且所述翻转支架的转动中心线为所述第一导出管的轴线,所述第二导出管设置于所述翻转支架上,所述第二导出管与所述压裂液出口连通。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车中,所述旋转接头通过滑动轴承与所述第一导出管连通。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车,还包括:设置于所述翻转支架上的干粉添加装置;所述干粉添加装置的排出口与所述压裂砂入口连通。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车,还包括:设置于所述翻转支架上的纤维添加装置;所述纤维添加装置的排出口与所述压裂砂入口连通。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车,还包括:设置于所述翻转支架上,且容纳压裂砂的缓冲罐;所述缓冲罐的顶部设置有朝上的进砂口,所述缓冲罐的底部设置有出砂管,所述出砂管与所述压裂砂入口连通,且所述出砂管上串接有闸门。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车,还包括:设置于所述底盘上的液体添加装置;所述液体添加装置的排出口与所述压裂液出口或者所述基液入口连通。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车中,所述动力***为液压动力***;所述混砂装置设置于所述底盘的后部,所述压裂混砂车的控制室设置于所述底盘上且位于所述混砂装置的前部,所述液体添加装置位于所述控制室的前部。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车中,所述混砂装置的数目为两个。
优选的,上述压裂混砂车中,两个所述混砂装置的基液导入管连通,两个所述混砂装置的压裂液导出管连通;所述基液导入管的连通处和所述压裂液导出管的连通处上均串接有蝶阀。
本发明提供的压裂混砂车的使用方法为:需要提供压裂液时,启动动力***,动力***驱动翻转支架转动,混砂装置随着翻转支架一起转动,使得闭式混合泵向地面移动直至将闭式混合泵放置在地面上,待闭式混合泵放置在地面上后,向闭式混合泵导入压裂砂和基液,启动闭式混合泵,闭式混合泵自压裂液出口开始供压裂液;当不需要提供压裂液或者需要向其他位置提供压裂液时,动力***驱动翻转支架反向转动,使得闭式混合泵向底盘移动直至闭式混合泵回复原位(即闭式混合泵向地面移动时的初始位置,闭式混合泵位于底盘上方),需要向其他位置提供压裂液时,压裂混砂车移至待供压裂液的位置后停止移动,并启动动力***,使得闭式混合泵向地面移动直至将闭式混合泵放置在地面上,开始提供压裂砂。
本发明提供的压裂混砂车,采用闭式混合泵作为混砂器,为混砂装置的移动提供了前提;通过能够转动的翻转支架承载混砂装置,在动力***的驱动下,翻转支架转动,使得闭式混砂泵的底座与地面接触,则能够将闭式混砂泵放置在地面上,从而降低了闭式混合泵的高度且将闭式混合泵的高度降到了最低,则基液入口和压裂砂入口的高度也降到了最低,提升了闭式混合泵的吸入能力,能够导入较多的基液和压裂砂,从而能够导出较多的压裂液,则提高了该闭式混合泵的排量,由于闭式混合泵的体积小于现有混砂罐的体积,且闭式混砂泵的排量与现有混砂罐的排量相当,则在不改变压裂混砂车占地面积的前提下,提高了该压裂混砂车的排量,进而能够满足大规模压裂作业的需求。
同时,本发明提供的压裂混砂车,降低了闭式混合泵的高度且将闭式混合泵的高度降到了最低,则压裂砂入口的高度也降到了最低,从而方便了加砂,减少了加砂时的能量消耗,进而节省了混砂成本。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车作业时的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车非作业时的结构示意图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车的部分结构示意图;
图4为本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车具有缓冲罐时的结构示意图。
上图1-4中:
1为底盘、2为轮胎、3为压裂液导出管、301为第一导出管、302为第二导出管、4为基液导入管、5为闭式混合泵、501为压裂砂入口、6为液压动力***、7为液体添加装置、8为控制室、9为纤维添加装置、10为干粉添加装置、11为液压缸、12为旋转接头、13为滑动轴承、14为翻转支架、15为缓冲罐。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供了一种压裂混砂车,在不改变压裂混砂车占地面积的前提下,提高了该压裂混砂车的排量,进而能够满足大规模压裂作业的需求。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车,包括:底盘1;设置于底盘1上方的混砂装置,该混砂装置包括具有压裂砂入口501、基液入口和压裂液出口的混砂器,该混砂器为闭式混合泵5;能够往复转动且承载混砂装置的翻转支架14,该翻转支架14设置于底盘1上;与翻转支架14相连,且驱动翻转支架14转动以使闭式混合泵5的底座能够与地面接触的动力***,该动力***设置于底盘1上。
需要说明的是,翻转支架14能够往复转动,当翻转支架14正向转动时,混砂装置逐渐向地面靠近,即闭式混合泵5的底座逐渐向地面靠近直至闭式混合泵5的底座与地面接触;当翻转支架14反向转动时,混砂装置逐渐远离地面,即闭式混合泵5的底座逐渐远离地面直至闭式混合泵5的底座与地面脱离。记,闭式混合泵5开始向地面移动时的位置为初始位置,闭式混合泵5的底座与地面接触时的位置为工作位置,则自初始位置到工作位置翻转支架14需要转动预设角度,该预设角度小于90°。处于初始位置时,混砂装置位于底盘1的上方,底盘1和翻转支架14共同承载混砂装置。动力***驱动翻转支架14正向转动,对于翻转支架14的反向转动,可动力***驱动翻转支架14反向转动,还可使动力***关闭,翻转支架14自动反向转动。底盘1上方是指,压裂混砂车正常放置状态下,底盘1的上方。
对于附图,需要说明明的是,压裂混砂车作业,是指压裂混砂车的混砂装置处于工作位置;压裂混砂车非作业,是指压裂混砂车的混砂装置处于初始位置。
本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车的使用方法为:需要提供压裂液时,启动动力***,动力***驱动翻转支架14转动,混砂装置随着翻转支架14一起转动,使得闭式混合泵5向地面移动直至将闭式混合泵5放置在地面上,待闭式混合泵5放置在地面上后,向闭式混合泵5导入压裂砂和基液,启动闭式混合泵5,闭式混合泵5自压裂液出口开始供压裂液;当不需要提供压裂液或者需要向其他位置提供压裂液时,动力***驱动翻转支架14反向转动,使得闭式混合泵5向底盘1移动直至闭式混合泵5回复原位(即闭式混合泵5向地面移动时的初始位置,闭式混合泵5位于底盘1的上方),需要向其他位置提供压裂液时,压裂混砂车移至待供压裂液的位置后停止移动,并启动动力***,使得闭式混合泵5向地面移动直至闭式混合泵5放置在地面上,开始提供压裂砂。
本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车,采用闭式混合泵5作为混砂器,为混砂装置的移动提供了前提;通过能够转动的翻转支架14承载混砂装置,在动力***的驱动下,翻转支架14转动,使得闭式混砂泵5的底座与地面接触,则能够将闭式混砂泵5放置在地面上,从而降低了闭式混合泵5的高度且将闭式混合泵5的高度降到了最低,则基液入口和压裂砂入口501的高度也降到了最低,提升了闭式混合泵5的吸入能力,能够导入较多的基液和压裂砂,从而能够导出较多的压裂液,则提高了该闭式混合泵5的排量,由于闭式混合泵5的体积小于现有混砂罐的体积,且闭式混砂泵5的排量与现有混砂罐的排量相当,则在不改变压裂混砂车占地面积的前提下,提高了该压裂混砂车的排量,进而能够满足大规模压裂作业的需求。
同时,本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车,降低了闭式混合泵5的高度且将闭式混合泵5的高度降到了最低,则压裂砂入口501的高度也降到了最低,从而方便了加砂,减少了加砂时的能量消耗,进而节省了混砂成本。
同时,本发明实施例提供的压裂混砂车,将混砂装置设置在翻转支架14上,使得混砂装置能够完全脱离地面放置在底盘1的上方,便于压裂混砂车的运输移动,提高了其工作灵活性,在不同施工场地之间进行运输较方便。
需要说明的是,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,混砂装置的初始位置和工作位置通过设定动力***实现。
为了便于压裂砂的导入,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,闭式混合泵5的压裂砂导入口501位于其顶部,闭式混合泵5的底座与地面接触时压裂砂入口501朝向上方。
为了避免在混砂装置转动的过程中,压裂混砂车的压裂液导出管3被破坏,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,混砂装置的压裂液导出管3包括:第一导出管301,和通过旋转接头12与第一导出管301连通的第二导出管302;其中,第一导出管301设置于底盘1上,第一导出管301的轴线与压裂混砂车的轮胎2的轴线平行,翻转支架14与第一导出管301转动相连,且翻转支架14的转动中心线为第一导出管301的轴线,第二导出管302设置于翻转支架14上,第二导出管302与混砂器的压裂液出口连通。这样,第一导出管301固定,翻转支架14绕第一导出管301的轴线转动,翻转支架14转动时,第二导出管302随着翻转支架14一起转动,由于第二导出管302和第一导出管301通过旋转接头12连通,则第二导出管302转动过程中一直与第一导出管301保持连通,从而避免了压裂液导出管3在被损坏。当然,还可有其他方式设置,例如,压裂液导出管3与闭式混合泵5的压裂液出口通过旋转接头连接,本发明实施例对此不做具体地限定。
优选的,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,旋转接头12通过滑动轴承13与第一导出管301连通。这样,增强了旋转接头12与第一导出管301的转动连接。当然,也可采用滚动轴承来连接旋转接头12和第一导出管301,只是滚动轴承的体积较大,占用空间较大。
为了增强第一导出管301的强度,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,第一导出管301为无缝钢管。当然,也可选择其他管,只要满足使用要求即可。
在制作压裂液的过程中,为了提高压裂液的性能,需要添加干粉,为了便于添加干粉,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车,还包括:设置于翻转支架14上的干粉添加装置10;该干粉添加装置10的排出口与压裂砂入口501连通。当需要添加的干粉较多或者种类至少为两种时,优先选择干粉添加装置10的数目至少为两个。需要说明的是,干粉添加装置10的入口位于其顶部,翻转支架14转动过程中,干粉添加装置10也随之转动,干粉添加装置10的入口位于其顶部,以避免在转动过程中,干粉倒溢。
在制作压裂液的过程中,为了提高压裂液的性能,还需要添加纤维,为了便于添加纤维,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车,还包括:设置于翻转支架14上的纤维添加装置9;该纤维添加装置9的排出口与压裂砂入口501连通。需要说明的是,纤维添加装置9的入口位于其顶部,翻转支架14转动过程中,纤维添加装置9也随之转动,纤维添加装置9的入口位于其顶部,以避免在转动过程中,纤维倒溢。
为了便于向闭式混合泵5加入压裂砂,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车,还包括:设置于翻转支架14上,且容纳压裂砂的缓冲罐15;该缓冲罐15的顶部设置有朝上的进砂口,缓冲罐15的底部设置有出砂管,该出砂管与压裂砂入口501连通,且出砂管上串接有闸门。这样,可通过控制闸门来控制是否加砂和加砂量。优先选择缓冲罐15的出砂口位于压裂砂入口501的上方,利用压裂砂的自身重力导入。
在制作压裂液的过程中,为了提高压裂液的性能,还需要添加液体,为了便于添加液体,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车,还包括:设置于底盘1上的液体添加装置7;该液体添加装置7的排出口与压裂液出口或者基液入口连通。当需要添加的液体较多或者种类至少为两种时,优先选择液体添加装置7的数目至少为两个。
优选的,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂装置中,动力***为液压动力***6;混砂装置设置于底盘1的后部,混砂车的控制室8设置于底盘1上且位于混砂装置的前部,液体添加装置7位于控制室8的前部。需要说明的是,压裂混砂车的车头为前,压裂混砂车的车尾为后,则自车头到车尾,液体添加装置7、控制室8和混砂装置依次分布。当然,也可采用其他的分布方式进行分布,本发明实施例对此不做具体地限定。当动力***为液压动力***6时,优先选择液压动力***6的液压缸11可为多个单级液压缸也可为多个多级液压缸,这样便于控制翻转支架14的转动,同时也有利于提高翻转支架14的转动稳定性。
为了有效提高该压裂混砂车的排量,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,混砂装置的数目为两个。需要说明的是,闭式混合泵5的体积较小,大约为现有混砂罐的体积的一半,且闭式混砂泵5的混配效率与现有混砂罐的混配效率相当,则在不增加压裂混砂车占地面积的前提下,能够增加闭式混合泵5的数目,即设置两个闭式混合泵5,从而提高了整个压裂混砂车的排量,经试验该压裂混砂车的最大排量能够达到38m3/min,几乎是传统混砂装置的两倍。
上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,当混砂装置的数目为两个时,即闭式混合泵5的数目为两个,相应的,纤维添加装置9、干粉添加装置10、压裂液导出管3和基液导入管4均为两个;第二导出管302为两个,且两个第二导出管302分别与第一导出管301的两端连通;缓冲罐15的出砂口通过两个闸门分别与压裂砂入口501连通,这样,可选择使用其中一个闭式混合泵5,也可同时使用两个闭式混合泵5;动力***为液压动力***6,通过液压缸11与翻转支架14相连,此时,优先选择液压缸11的数目为两个,两个液压缸11分别位于翻转支架14的两侧,这样,可使翻转支架14更稳定的转动。
优选的,上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,两个混砂装置的基液导入管4连通,两个混砂装置的压裂液导出管3连通;基液导入管4的连通处和压裂液导出管3的连通处上均串接有蝶阀。这样,更加便于对每个闭式混合泵5的控制,两个闭式混合泵5可以互换使用。需要说明的是,两个基液导入管4的连通处串接有蝶阀,两个压裂液导出管3的连通处串接有蝶阀。
上述实施例提供的压裂混砂车中,控制室8实现对混砂装置的集中控制。动力***除了驱动翻转支架14转动,还可为混砂装置、干粉添加装置10、纤维添加装置9和液体添加装置7提供动力。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种压裂混砂车,包括:底盘(1);设置于所述底盘(1)上方的混砂装置,所述混砂装置包括具有压裂砂入口(501)、基液入口和压裂液出口的混砂器;其特征在于,所述混砂器为闭式混合泵(5),所述压裂混砂车还包括:
能够往复转动且承载所述混砂装置的翻转支架(14),所述翻转支架(14)设置于所述底盘(1)上;
与所述翻转支架(14)相连,且驱动所述翻转支架(14)转动以使所述闭式混合泵(5)的底座能够与地面接触的动力***,所述动力***设置于所述底盘(1)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,所述混砂装置的压裂液导出管(3)包括:第一导出管(301),和通过旋转接头(12)与所述第一导出管(301)连通的第二导出管(302);其中,所述第一导出管(301)设置于所述底盘(1)上,所述第一导出管(301)的轴线与所述压裂混砂车的轮胎(2)的轴线平行,所述翻转支架(14)与所述第一导出管(301)转动相连,且所述翻转支架(14)的转动中心线为所述第一导出管(301)的轴线,所述第二导出管(302)设置于所述翻转支架(14)上,所述第二导出管(302)与所述压裂液出口连通。
3.根据权利要求2所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,所述旋转接头(12)通过滑动轴承(13)与所述第一导出管(301)连通。
4.根据权利要求2所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,还包括:设置于所述翻转支架(14)上的干粉添加装置(10);所述干粉添加装置(10)的排出口与所述压裂砂入口(501)连通。
5.根据权利要求2所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,还包括:设置于所述翻转支架(14)上的纤维添加装置(9);所述纤维添加装置(9)的排出口与所述压裂砂入口(501)连通。
6.根据权利要求2所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,还包括:设置于所述翻转支架(14)上,且容纳压裂砂的缓冲罐(15);所述缓冲罐(15)的顶部设置有进砂口,所述缓冲罐(15)的底部设置有出砂管,所述出砂管与所述压裂砂入口(501)连通,且所述出砂管上串接有闸门。
7.根据权利要求1所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,还包括:设置于所述底盘(1)上的液体添加装置(7);所述液体添加装置(7)的排出口与所述压裂液出口或者所述基液入口连通。
8.根据权利要求7所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,所述动力***为液压动力***(6);所述混砂装置设置于所述底盘(1)的后部,所述压裂混砂车的控制室(8)设置于所述底盘(1)上且位于所述混砂装置的前部,所述液体添加装置(7)位于所述控制室(8)的前部。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,所述混砂装置的数目为两个。
10.根据权利要求9所述的压裂混砂车,其特征在于,两个所述混砂装置的基液导入管(4)连通,两个所述混砂装置的压裂液导出管(3)连通;所述基液导入管(4)的连通处和所述压裂液导出管(3)的连通处上均串接有蝶阀。
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CN114658405B (zh) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-05-23 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | 一种压裂设备 |
CN114658405A (zh) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-24 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | 一种压裂设备 |
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