CN104555921A - Fuel cell car - Google Patents
Fuel cell car Download PDFInfo
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- CN104555921A CN104555921A CN201410845114.6A CN201410845114A CN104555921A CN 104555921 A CN104555921 A CN 104555921A CN 201410845114 A CN201410845114 A CN 201410845114A CN 104555921 A CN104555921 A CN 104555921A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell car. The fuel cell car comprises a methyl alcohol hydrogen producer, a fuel cell and a car motor, wherein the methyl alcohol hydrogen producer comprises a methyl alcohol storage container, a raw material conveyor, a reformer and a hydrogen purifier; the reformer comprises a heat exchanger, a gasifying chamber, a reforming chamber and a separating chamber, and the hydrogen purifier is arranged in the separating chamber; the lower and middle parts of the reforming chamber are at the temperatures of 300-420 DEG C, and the upper part of the reforming chamber is at the temperature of 400-570 DEG C; the temperature in the separating chamber is set into 350-570 DEG C, hydrogen is obtained at the hydrogen producing end of the hydrogen purifier in the separating chamber, and the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell after heat exchange is carried out in the heat exchanger; the fuel cell comprises at least two fuel cell groups, and is used for producing electricity through the electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen and oxygen and supplying the car motor with electricity; the car motor is used for driving a car shaft to rotate and accordingly driving the car to run. The methyl alcohol raw material can be converted to the hydrogen at a high speed, the methanol conversion efficiency and utilizing rate are high, and the purification of hydrogen containing gas is easy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric vehicle engineering field, particularly a kind of fuel cell car.
Background technology
At present, most automobile all with gasoline, diesel oil for fuel, not only consume a large amount of petroleum resources, and vehicle exhaust causes serious air pollution.For tackling this resource problem and environmental problem, the exploitation of electric automobile becomes extremely important.Electric automobile refers to vehicle power to be power, drives the vehicle of wheels travel with motor.Electric automobile comprises pure electric automobile, hybrid vehicle and fuel cell car.In the prior art, fuel cell car refers to and is equipped with the electric automobile of fuel cell as the power supply of acquisition actuating force.Fuel cell, in power generation process, needs hydrogen as electrochemical reaction material.In the prior art, the hydrogen that fuel cell uses derives from hydrogen load bearing equipment or hydrogen producer.
The fuel cell car of carrying hydrogen, carries hydrogen by hydrogen is filled in the medium method of high-pressure gas cylinder with Compressed Gas.So carry the fuel cell car of hydrogen, because the fuel gas of the electrode supplying fuel cell is the hydrogen that purity is very high, therefore, when operating fuel cell, very high generating efficiency can be obtained, and make fuel cell car various courses of reaction carried out in the process of moving not produce harmful substance.But, the fuel cell car of carrying hydrogen, it is very difficult to fill hydrogen, and transport and to store a large amount of hydrogen then more difficult.
Patent of invention 200580010256.X discloses a kind of electric automobile, this electric automobile has the fuel cell being undertaken by supply hydrogen and oxidant generating electricity, the hydrogen producing apparatus manufacturing the hydrogen-containing gas for supplying described fuel cell and the electricity produced by described fuel cell carry out the motor driven, described hydrogen producing apparatus decomposes containing organic fuel to manufacture the device of hydrogen-containing gas, described hydrogen producing apparatus has: barrier film, the fuel electrodes that a face of barrier film is arranged, the device of organic substance (such as methyl alcohol) and water fuel is contained to fuel electrodes supply, the oxidation pole that the another side of barrier film is arranged, to the device of oxidation pole supply oxidant, hydrogen-containing gas is produced and the device of deriving by fuel electrodes side.Particularly, described hydrogen producing apparatus, at the temperature of 30-90 DEG C, produces hydrogen-containing gas by the fuel electrodes side of supply first alcohol and water.Not manufacturing the situation of battery supply of electrical energy externally to hydrogen, the gas of 70-80% hydrogen concentration can be produced; Manufacturing externally to hydrogen the situation that battery applies electric energy, the gas of the hydrogen concentration being more than or equal to 80% can be produced.And the generation of this gas depends on open circuit voltage or the operation voltage at the two poles of the earth.But, also there is following disappearance in the hydrogen producing apparatus of above-mentioned electric automobile: one, due to hydrogen producing apparatus be decompose containing the fuel of organic substance (such as methyl alcohol) to manufacture the device of hydrogen-containing gas at the temperature of 30-90 DEG C, and rely on oxidation pole and fuel electrodes to produce hydrogen, therefore, the speed that organic substance is converted into hydrogen is slower, further, the efficiency that organic substance is converted into hydrogen is in fact not high, on the low side to organic utilance; Two, hydrogen producing apparatus produce hydrogen-containing gas at a lower temperature purifying be the inefficiency of high-purity hydrogen, with high costs, need the purification devices of larger volume to exchange the normal supply of high-purity hydrogen for, be unfavorable for the miniaturization of hydrogen producing apparatus.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of fuel cell car is provided, the hydrogen producing apparatus of this fuel cell car not only can easily to fuel cell supply hydrogen, and methanol-water feedstock conversion is that the speed of hydrogen is fast, methanol conversion efficiency and utilance is high, hydrogen-containing gas purifying easily, cost is lower.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the first technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of fuel cell car, comprises methanol-water hydrogen producer, fuel cell and automobile motor, wherein:
Methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment, comprises methanol-water reservoir vessel, raw material conveying device, reformer and hydrogen purification apparatus; Store liquid first alcohol and water in described methanol-water reservoir vessel, described raw material conveying device is used for the first alcohol and water in methanol-water reservoir vessel to be delivered to reformer; Described reformer comprises heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber and separation chamber, and described hydrogen purification apparatus is arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the top of reformer chamber; Described methanol-water raw material enters vaporizer vaporization in heat exchanger after heat exchange; Methanol steam after vaporization and water vapour enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 300-420 DEG C, and the temperature on reformer chamber top is 400-570 DEG C; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close; Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 350-570 DEG C, and obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of the hydrogen purification apparatus in separation chamber, this hydrogen, after heat exchanger, is supplied to fuel cell; The hydrogen partial that described reformer is obtained is or/and residual air maintains reformer operation by burning;
Fuel cell, comprises at least two fuel cell units, produces electric energy, for automobile motor is powered for hydrogen and oxygen generation electrochemical reaction;
Automobile motor, makes running car for axle shaft rotates.
Described hydrogen purification apparatus is membrane separation device, and this membrane separation device is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, and the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75%-78%, and silver accounts for 22%-25%.
Described reformer one end is provided with starting drive, and this starting drive comprises cup, cup is provided with raw material input channel, heating and gasifying pipeline, igniter and temperature detection device; Described raw material input channel can input first alcohol and water raw material, and raw material input channel is connected with heating and gasifying pipeline, and first alcohol and water raw material enters after heating and gasifying pipeline through raw material input channel, exports from the end of heating and gasifying pipeline; The position of described igniter is corresponding with the end of heating and gasifying pipeline, for lighting a fire to the first alcohol and water raw material exported in heating and gasifying pipeline, first alcohol and water raw material is through ignition device after-combustion, can heat heating and gasifying pipeline, make heating and gasifying ducted first alcohol and water material gasification and strengthen rapidly combustion intensity, and then being reformer heating; Described temperature detection device is for detecting the other temperature of heating and gasifying pipeline; After described reformer starts hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that reformer is obtained is or/and residual air is run by burning maintenance reformer.
Described cup comprises the liquid containing portion above installation portion and installation portion, described raw material input channel, heating and gasifying pipeline, igniter and temperature detection device are all installed on the installation portion of cup, described liquid containing portion can hold the first alcohol and water raw material exported from heating and gasifying pipe end, and described liquid containing portion upper end is also provided with liquid Splashproof cover.
Described heating and gasifying pipeline comprises straight-through pipeline section, pigtail and upper arch pipeline section successively, and described first alcohol and water raw material after straight-through pipeline section rises to extreme higher position, then can decline through pigtail spiral, then exports after upper arch pipeline section; The bottom side of described cup is provided with air intake cover plate, and this air intake cover plate is provided with air channel, and outside air can enter in reformer through this air channel; Described raw material input channel is provided with electromagnetically operated valve, opens or closes to control raw material input channel.
Described fuel cell car also comprises AC/DC changeover switch and buffer battery, and described AC/DC changeover switch is connected to the current output terminal of fuel cell, and the direct current for exporting fuel cell carries out DC/DC voltage transition or DC/AC changes; The charging end of described buffer battery connects AC/DC changeover switch, and this buffer battery can be automobile motor and powers.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the second technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of fuel cell car, comprises methanol-water hydrogen producer, fuel cell and automobile motor, wherein:
Methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment, comprises methanol-water reservoir vessel, raw material conveying device, heat exchanger, reformer and hydrogen purification apparatus; Liquid first alcohol and water is stored in described methanol-water reservoir vessel; Described raw material conveying device is used for the reformer chamber first alcohol and water in methanol-water reservoir vessel being delivered to reformer; Described heat exchanger is installed on the conveyance conduit between raw material conveying device and reformer, and the first alcohol and water of low temperature is in heat exchanger, and the high-temperature gas exported with reformer chamber carries out heat exchange, and methyl alcohol and coolant-temperature gage raise, vaporization; Described reformer is provided with reformer chamber and electric heater, this electric heater is by fuel cell-powered, this electric heater provides 300-570 DEG C of temperature for reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and first alcohol and water is at the obtained hydrogen-containing gas of reformation hydrogen production reaction of reformer chamber generation first alcohol and water; Described reformer chamber is provided with separation chamber, described hydrogen purification apparatus is arranged in separation chamber, reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, and all or part of of connecting line is arranged at reformer chamber, and the high temperature by reformer chamber continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line is as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, make the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of the hydrogen purification apparatus in separation chamber, after heat exchanger, be supplied to fuel cell;
Fuel cell, comprises at least two fuel cell units, produces electric energy, for automobile motor is powered for hydrogen and oxygen generation electrochemical reaction;
Automobile motor, makes running car for axle shaft rotates.
Also be provided with compensation vapourizing unit between described heat exchanger and reformer, this compensation vapourizing unit is provided with electric heater, and described first alcohol and water can be vaporized further after compensating vapourizing unit; The electric energy that described fuel cell produces is also for the electric heater compensating vapourizing unit is powered.
Described hydrogen purification apparatus is membrane separation device, and this membrane separation device is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, and film plating layer is palladium-silver, and the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75%-78%, and silver accounts for 22%-25%.
Described fuel cell car also comprises AC/DC changeover switch and buffer battery, and described AC/DC changeover switch is connected to the current output terminal of fuel cell, and the direct current for exporting fuel cell carries out DC/DC voltage transition or DC/AC changes; The charging end of described buffer battery connects AC/DC changeover switch, and this buffer battery can be automobile motor and powers.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment of one, fuel cell car of the present invention adopts the mode of reformer reformation hydrogen production at the temperature of 300-570 DEG C and under catalyst action, its hydrogen manufacturing speed and efficiency far decompose speed and the efficiency of methyl alcohol higher than hydrogen producer in prior art at the temperature of 30-90 DEG C, methanol-water feedstock conversion efficiency and utilance high; Two, because hydrogen purification apparatus is arranged in the separation chamber of reformer chamber, the temperature of hydrogen purification apparatus is identical with reformer chamber temperature or close, therefore, hydrogen purification efficiency can be significantly improved and reduce hydrogen purification difficulty, vacate the space that hydrogen purification apparatus takies simultaneously, make methanol-water reformation hydrogen production device miniaturization develop, reduce costs; Three, fuel cell of the present invention comprises at least two fuel cell units, can improve the generating efficiency of fuel cell so on the whole, make fuel cell output power higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 2 is the dispersed structure schematic diagram of the reformer of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 3 is the dispersed structure schematic diagram of the reformer starting drive of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 4 is the cup holder portion structural representation of the reformer starting drive of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 5 is the overall structure block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, structural principle of the present invention and operation principle are described in further detail.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of fuel cell car, comprises methanol-water hydrogen producer 1, fuel cell 2 and automobile motor 3, wherein:
Methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment 1, comprises methanol-water reservoir vessel 11, raw material conveying device 12, reformer 13 and hydrogen purification apparatus 14; Store liquid first alcohol and water in described methanol-water reservoir vessel 11, described raw material conveying device 12 is for being delivered to reformer 13 by the first alcohol and water in methanol-water reservoir vessel 11; Described reformer 13 comprises heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber and separation chamber, and described hydrogen purification apparatus 14 is arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the top of reformer chamber; Described methanol-water raw material enters vaporizer vaporization in heat exchanger after heat exchange; Methanol steam after vaporization and water vapour enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 300-420 DEG C, and the temperature on reformer chamber top is 400-570 DEG C; In reformer chamber, methyl alcohol and steam pass through catalyst under the pressure condition of 1-5M Pa, under the effect of catalyst, there is the transformationreation of methanol decomposition reaction and carbon monoxide, generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, this is the gas solid catalytic reaction system of component more than, many reactions, and reactional equation is: (1) CH
3oH → CO+2H
2, (2) H
2o+CO → CO
2+ H
2, (3) CH
3oH+H
2o → CO
2+ 3H
2, the H that reforming reaction generates
2and CO
2; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close; Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 350-570 DEG C, obtains hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of the hydrogen purification apparatus 14 in separation chamber, and this hydrogen, after heat exchanger, is supplied to fuel cell 2; The hydrogen partial that described reformer 13 is obtained is or/and residual air is run by burning maintenance reformer 13;
Fuel cell 2, comprises at least two fuel cell units, produces electric energy, for automobile motor 3 is powered for hydrogen and oxygen generation electrochemical reaction; In fuel cell 2, the oxygen generation electrochemical reaction in hydrogen and air, the anode at fuel cell 2: 2H
2→ 4H
++ 4e
-, H
2split into two protons and two electronics, proton is through proton exchange membrane (PEM), and electronics, by positive plate, by external loading, and enters cathode bipolar plate; Negative electrode at fuel cell 2: O
2+ 4e
-+ 4H
+→ 2H
2o, proton, electronics and O
2recombine to form H
2o;
Automobile motor 3, makes running car for axle shaft rotates; Operationally, the torque of generation is first conducted to axletree by gear automobile motor, then makes running car by axletree.
Described hydrogen purification apparatus 14 is membrane separation device 14, this membrane separation device 14 is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, film plating layer is palladium-silver, the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75%-78%, silver accounts for 22%-25%, the manufacturing process of membrane separation device 14 can refer to the patent of invention 201210563913.5 that the applicant Shanghai Hejide Dynamic Hydrogen Machine Co., Ltd. applied on December 21st, 2012, membrane separator of methanol-water hydrogen producer and preparation method thereof.
As shown in figs 2-4, described reformer 13 one end is provided with starting drive 4, and this starting drive 4 comprises cup 41, cup 41 is provided with raw material input channel 42, heating and gasifying pipeline 43, igniter 44 and temperature detection device 45; Described raw material input channel 42 can input first alcohol and water raw material, and raw material input channel 42 is connected with heating and gasifying pipeline 43, and first alcohol and water raw material enters after heating and gasifying pipeline 43 through raw material input channel 42, exports from the end of heating and gasifying pipeline 43; The position of described igniter 44 is corresponding with the end of heating and gasifying pipeline 43, for lighting a fire to the first alcohol and water raw material exported in heating and gasifying pipeline 43, first alcohol and water raw material is through igniter 44 ignition, combustion, can heat heating and gasifying pipeline 43, make the first alcohol and water material gasification in heating and gasifying pipeline 43 and strengthen rapidly combustion intensity, and then heating for reformer 13; Described temperature detection device 45 is for detecting the other temperature of heating and gasifying pipeline 43; After described reformer 13 starts hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that reformer 13 is obtained is or/and residual air is run by burning maintenance reformer 13.Reformer 13 utilizes starting drive 4 to heat for reformer 13 just, just makes reformer 13 start, and then reforming reaction occurs, and start-up time can complete in 5 minutes, and very fast, after having started, starting drive 4 cuts out.
As shown in figs 2-4, described cup 41 comprises the liquid containing portion 412 above installation portion 411 and installation portion, described raw material input channel 42, heating and gasifying pipeline 43, igniter 44 and temperature detection device 45 are all installed on the installation portion 411 of cup, described liquid containing portion 412 can hold the first alcohol and water raw material exported from heating and gasifying pipeline 43 end, and described liquid containing portion 412 upper end is also provided with liquid Splashproof cover 413.After raw material input channel 42 inputs first alcohol and water raw material, when heating and gasifying pipeline 43 exports, unnecessary first alcohol and water raw material can be contained in the liquid containing portion 412 of cup, certainly, after first alcohol and water raw material burns rapidly, the first alcohol and water raw material in liquid containing portion 412 also can gasification, and combustion.Described liquid Splashproof cover 413 can prevent the first alcohol and water raw material splashes when gasification, and combustion in liquid containing portion 412.Described heating and gasifying pipeline 43 comprises straight-through pipeline section 431, pigtail 432 and upper arch pipeline section 433 successively, described first alcohol and water raw material can after straight-through pipeline section 431 rises to extreme higher position, decline through pigtail 432 spiral again, then export after upper arch pipeline section 433.Like this, when starting drive 4 is started working, first alcohol and water raw material enters heating and gasifying pipeline 43, and first alcohol and water raw material is under the effect of upper arch pipeline section 433, first alcohol and water raw material can ooze, so that igniter is lighted a fire from the end of upper arch pipeline section 433 in the mode of drippage; After lighting a fire successfully, because the entire length of pigtail 432 is long, heating surface area is large, and therefore, the first alcohol and water raw material in pigtail 432 can fully by thermal evaporation.
As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, the bottom side of described cup 41 is provided with air intake cover plate 46, this air intake cover plate is provided with air channel 461, outside air can enter in reformer 13 through this air channel, the outside air entered from this air channel 461 can be starting drive 4 provides oxygen, also can be reformer 13 and oxygen is provided, for improving air inlet, fan (not shown) can be increased outside air channel 461; Described raw material input channel 42 is provided with electromagnetically operated valve, opens or closes to control raw material input channel 42.Described igniter can adopt resistant to elevated temperatures igniter on market, such as electronic type pulse type ignitor etc.
As shown in Figure 1, described fuel cell car also comprises AC/DC changeover switch 5 and buffer battery 6, described AC/DC changeover switch 5 is connected to the current output terminal of fuel cell 3, and the direct current for exporting fuel cell 3 carries out DC/DC voltage transition or DC/AC changes; The charging end of described buffer battery 6 connects AC/DC changeover switch, and this buffer battery 6 can be automobile motor 3 and powers.By using the control device of fuel cell car, according to the charge capacity of the load buffer storage battery of automobile motor, the electricity that fuel cell is sent supply automobile motor and buffer battery.Specifically, such as when accelerate time etc., time automobile motor load is large, to automobile motor supply from fuel cell and buffering battery electricity, or slow down, braking time etc. in situation, a part for the electricity produced by fuel cell is buffer battery charging.In addition, this buffer battery is that the equipment such as raw material conveying device, reformer starting drive is powered when automobile starting, when after automobile starting, then buffer battery stops powering to equipment such as raw material conveying device, reformer starting drives, and by fuel cell-powered.
Embodiment two:
As shown in Figure 5, a kind of fuel cell car, comprises methanol-water hydrogen producer 1, fuel cell 2 and automobile motor 3, wherein:
Methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment 1, comprises methanol-water reservoir vessel 11, raw material conveying device 12, heat exchanger 15, reformer 13 and hydrogen purification apparatus 14; Liquid first alcohol and water is stored in described methanol-water reservoir vessel 11; Described raw material conveying device 12 is for being delivered to the reformer chamber 131 of reformer 13 by the first alcohol and water in methanol-water reservoir vessel 11; Described heat exchanger 15 is installed on the conveyance conduit between raw material conveying device 12 and reformer 13, and the first alcohol and water of low temperature is in heat exchanger 15, and the high-temperature gas exported with reformer chamber 131 carries out heat exchange, and methyl alcohol and coolant-temperature gage raise, vaporization; Described reformer 13 is provided with reformer chamber 131 and electric heater 132, this electric heater 132 is powered by fuel cell 2, this electric heater 132 provides 300-570 DEG C of temperature for reformer chamber 131, be provided with catalyst in reformer chamber 131, there is the obtained hydrogen-containing gas of reformation hydrogen production reaction of first alcohol and water in first alcohol and water in reformer chamber 131; In reformer chamber 131, methyl alcohol and steam pass through catalyst under the pressure condition of 1-5M Pa, under the effect of catalyst, there is the transformationreation of methanol decomposition reaction and carbon monoxide, generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide, this is the gas solid catalytic reaction system of component more than, many reactions, and reactional equation is: (1) CH
3oH → CO+2H
2, (2) H
2o+CO → CO
2+ H
2, (3) CH
3oH+H
2o → CO
2+ 3H
2, the H that reforming reaction generates
2and CO
2; Described reformer chamber 131 is provided with separation chamber, described hydrogen purification apparatus 14 is arranged in separation chamber, reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, and all or part of of connecting line is arranged at reformer chamber, and the high temperature by reformer chamber continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line is as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, make the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of the hydrogen purification apparatus in separation chamber, after heat exchanger 15, be supplied to fuel cell 2;
Fuel cell 2, comprises at least two fuel cell units, produces electric energy, for automobile motor 3 is powered for hydrogen and oxygen generation electrochemical reaction; In fuel cell 2, the oxygen generation electrochemical reaction in hydrogen and air, the anode at fuel cell 2: 2H
2→ 4H
++ 4e
-, H
2split into two protons and two electronics, proton is through proton exchange membrane (PEM), and electronics, by positive plate, by external loading, and enters cathode bipolar plate; Negative electrode at fuel cell 2: O
2+ 4e
-+ 4H
+→ 2H
2o, proton, electronics and O
2recombine to form H
2o;
Automobile motor 3, makes running car for axle shaft rotates; Operationally, the torque of generation is first conducted to axletree by gear automobile motor 3, then makes running car by axletree.
As shown in Figure 5, be also provided with between described heat exchanger 15 and reformer 13 and compensate vapourizing unit 16, this compensation vapourizing unit 16 is provided with electric heater 161, and described first alcohol and water can be vaporized further after compensating vapourizing unit 16; The electric energy that described fuel cell 2 produces is also for the electric heater 161 compensating vapourizing unit 16 is powered.
Described hydrogen purification apparatus 14 is membrane separation device 14, this membrane separation device 14 is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, film plating layer is palladium-silver, the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75%-78%, silver accounts for 22%-25%, the manufacturing process of membrane separation device 14 can refer to the patent of invention 201210563913.5 that the applicant Shanghai Hejide Dynamic Hydrogen Machine Co., Ltd. applied on December 21st, 2012, membrane separator of methanol-water hydrogen producer and preparation method thereof.
As shown in Figure 5, described fuel cell car also comprises AC/DC changeover switch 5 and buffer battery 6, described AC/DC changeover switch 5 is connected to the current output terminal of fuel cell 3, and the direct current for exporting fuel cell 3 carries out DC/DC voltage transition or DC/AC changes; The charging end of described buffer battery 6 connects AC/DC changeover switch, and this buffer battery 6 can be automobile motor 3 and powers.By using the control device of fuel cell car, according to the charge capacity of the load buffer storage battery of automobile motor, the electricity that fuel cell is sent supply automobile motor and buffer battery.Specifically, such as when accelerate time etc., time automobile motor load is large, to automobile motor supply from fuel cell and buffering battery electricity, or slow down, braking time etc. in situation, a part for the electricity produced by fuel cell is buffer battery charging.In addition, the equipment such as this buffer battery is raw material conveying device when automobile starting, the electric heater of the electric heater of reformer, compensation vapourizing unit are powered, when after automobile starting, then buffer battery stops powering to the electric heater of raw material conveying device, reformer, the equipment such as electric heater that compensates vapourizing unit, and is powered by fuel cell 2.
The above is only better embodiment of the present invention, every above execution mode is done according to technical scheme of the present invention any trickle amendment, equivalent variations and modification, all belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a fuel cell car, is characterized in that: comprise methanol-water hydrogen producer, fuel cell and automobile motor, wherein:
Methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment, comprises methanol-water reservoir vessel, raw material conveying device, reformer and hydrogen purification apparatus; Store liquid first alcohol and water in described methanol-water reservoir vessel, described raw material conveying device is used for the first alcohol and water in methanol-water reservoir vessel to be delivered to reformer; Described reformer comprises heat exchanger, vaporizer, reformer chamber and separation chamber, and described hydrogen purification apparatus is arranged in separation chamber, and separation chamber is arranged at the top of reformer chamber; Described methanol-water raw material enters vaporizer vaporization in heat exchanger after heat exchange; Methanol steam after vaporization and water vapour enter reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and reformer chamber bottom and middle portion temperature are 300-420 DEG C, and the temperature on reformer chamber top is 400-570 DEG C; Reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, all or part of top being arranged at reformer chamber of connecting line, and the high temperature by reformer chamber top continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line, as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, makes the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close; Temperature in described separation chamber is set as 350-570 DEG C, and obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of the hydrogen purification apparatus in separation chamber, this hydrogen, after heat exchanger, is supplied to fuel cell; The hydrogen partial that described reformer is obtained is or/and residual air maintains reformer operation by burning;
Fuel cell, comprises at least two fuel cell units, produces electric energy, for automobile motor is powered for hydrogen and oxygen generation electrochemical reaction;
Automobile motor, makes running car for axle shaft rotates.
2. fuel cell car according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hydrogen purification apparatus is membrane separation device, this membrane separation device is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, film plating layer is palladium-silver, the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75%-78%, and silver accounts for 22%-25%.
3. fuel cell car according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described reformer one end is provided with starting drive, and this starting drive comprises cup, cup is provided with raw material input channel, heating and gasifying pipeline, igniter and temperature detection device; Described raw material input channel can input first alcohol and water raw material, and raw material input channel is connected with heating and gasifying pipeline, and first alcohol and water raw material enters after heating and gasifying pipeline through raw material input channel, exports from the end of heating and gasifying pipeline; The position of described igniter is corresponding with the end of heating and gasifying pipeline, for lighting a fire to the first alcohol and water raw material exported in heating and gasifying pipeline, first alcohol and water raw material is through ignition device after-combustion, can heat heating and gasifying pipeline, make heating and gasifying ducted first alcohol and water material gasification and strengthen rapidly combustion intensity, and then being reformer heating; Described temperature detection device is for detecting the other temperature of heating and gasifying pipeline; After described reformer starts hydrogen manufacturing, the hydrogen partial that reformer is obtained is or/and residual air is run by burning maintenance reformer.
4. fuel cell car according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described cup comprises the liquid containing portion above installation portion and installation portion, described raw material input channel, heating and gasifying pipeline, igniter and temperature detection device are all installed on the installation portion of cup, described liquid containing portion can hold the first alcohol and water raw material exported from heating and gasifying pipe end, and described liquid containing portion upper end is also provided with liquid Splashproof cover.
5. fuel cell car according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described heating and gasifying pipeline comprises straight-through pipeline section, pigtail and upper arch pipeline section successively, described first alcohol and water raw material can after straight-through pipeline section rises to extreme higher position, decline through pigtail spiral again, then export after upper arch pipeline section; The bottom side of described cup is provided with air intake cover plate, and this air intake cover plate is provided with air channel, and outside air can enter in reformer through this air channel; Described raw material input channel is provided with electromagnetically operated valve, opens or closes to control raw material input channel.
6. according to the fuel cell car in claim 1-5 described in any one, it is characterized in that: also comprise AC/DC changeover switch and buffer battery, described AC/DC changeover switch is connected to the current output terminal of fuel cell, and the direct current for exporting fuel cell carries out DC/DC voltage transition or DC/AC changes; The charging end of described buffer battery connects AC/DC changeover switch, and this buffer battery can be automobile motor and powers.
7. a fuel cell car, is characterized in that: comprise methanol-water hydrogen producer, fuel cell and automobile motor, wherein:
Methanol-water reformation hydrogen production equipment, comprises methanol-water reservoir vessel, raw material conveying device, heat exchanger, reformer and hydrogen purification apparatus; Liquid first alcohol and water is stored in described methanol-water reservoir vessel; Described raw material conveying device is used for the reformer chamber first alcohol and water in methanol-water reservoir vessel being delivered to reformer; Described heat exchanger is installed on the conveyance conduit between raw material conveying device and reformer, and the first alcohol and water of low temperature is in heat exchanger, and the high-temperature gas exported with reformer chamber carries out heat exchange, and methyl alcohol and coolant-temperature gage raise, vaporization; Described reformer is provided with reformer chamber and electric heater, this electric heater is by fuel cell-powered, this electric heater provides 300-570 DEG C of temperature for reformer chamber, and reformer chamber is provided with catalyst, and first alcohol and water is at the obtained hydrogen-containing gas of reformation hydrogen production reaction of reformer chamber generation first alcohol and water; Described reformer chamber is provided with separation chamber, described hydrogen purification apparatus is arranged in separation chamber, reformer chamber is connected by connecting line with separation chamber, and all or part of of connecting line is arranged at reformer chamber, and the high temperature by reformer chamber continues the gas that heating exports from reformer chamber; Described connecting line is as the buffering between reformer chamber and separation chamber, make the temperature of the gas exported from reformer chamber identical with the temperature of separation chamber or close, obtain hydrogen from the aerogenesis end of the hydrogen purification apparatus in separation chamber, after heat exchanger, be supplied to fuel cell;
Fuel cell, comprises at least two fuel cell units, produces electric energy, for automobile motor is powered for hydrogen and oxygen generation electrochemical reaction;
Automobile motor, makes running car for axle shaft rotates.
8. fuel cell car according to claim 6, is characterized in that: be also provided with compensation vapourizing unit between described heat exchanger and reformer, and this compensation vapourizing unit is provided with electric heater, and described first alcohol and water can be vaporized further after compensating vapourizing unit; The electric energy that described fuel cell produces is also for the electric heater compensating vapourizing unit is powered.
9. fuel cell car according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described hydrogen purification apparatus is membrane separation device, this membrane separation device is the membrane separation device at porous ceramic surface Vacuum Deposition palladium-silver, film plating layer is palladium-silver, the mass percent palladium of palladium-silver accounts for 75%-78%, and silver accounts for 22%-25%.
10. according to the fuel cell car in claim 7-9 described in any one, it is characterized in that: also comprise AC/DC changeover switch and buffer battery, described AC/DC changeover switch is connected to the current output terminal of fuel cell, and the direct current for exporting fuel cell carries out DC/DC voltage transition or DC/AC changes; The charging end of described buffer battery connects AC/DC changeover switch, and this buffer battery can be automobile motor and powers.
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