CN104502734A - Capacitive electric field sensor - Google Patents
Capacitive electric field sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104502734A CN104502734A CN201410840734.0A CN201410840734A CN104502734A CN 104502734 A CN104502734 A CN 104502734A CN 201410840734 A CN201410840734 A CN 201410840734A CN 104502734 A CN104502734 A CN 104502734A
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- electric field
- field sensor
- capacitive electric
- capacitive
- lead plate
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Abstract
The invention discloses a capacitive electric field sensor which is applied to measurement of ground electric fields in the field of geophysical prospecting. The capacitive electric field sensor mainly comprises an electrode board, a front-loaded amplifier, a short lead and a sensor output line, wherein the electrode board is made of metal materials and used for sensing potential of underground electric field, the front-loaded amplifier has quite high input impedance and is used for converting electric-field charge signals received by the electrode board into voltage signals for conditioning, the short lead is used for transmitting the received signals of the electrode board to the input end of the front-loaded amplifier, and the sensor output line is used for outputting the conditioned sensor signals. The capacitive electric field sensor can measure the ground electric field on the ground and avoids that a conventional non-polarized electrode requires digging, burying and watering during use. Meanwhile, the capacitive electric field sensor can be applied in regions with deserts and gravels where the conventional non-polarized electrode is hard to effect and has the advantage of convenience in use, and usability is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measurement mechanism of earth electric field in geophysical survey, particularly a kind of capacitive electric field sensor, be applied to the electric field data collection in resistivity prospecting.
Background technology
At present, in order to reduce the impact of metal electrode polarization in resistivity prospecting, non-polarizing electrode is generally used to carry out the data acquisition of earth electric field.As shown in Figure 1; non-polarizing electrode is made up of electrode cores 1, electrolyte 3, electrode protection shell 2, bottom device 4 and 5, top arrangement 6 and output line 7 usually; electrode cores is made up of certain metal usually; as lead, copper, silver etc.; electrolyte is mixed by a certain percentage by the slaine of this metal and filler; electrolytical physical aspect can be solid or liquid, and electrode shape can be cylindric or taper.Electrode is imbedded underground by non-polarizing electrode in use, and waters appropriate salt solution depending on edaphic condition.Electrolyte penetrates into the earth by electrode base through hole, with the ion generation redox reaction in the earth, and then obtains the electric field potential value of the earth.But there is inconvenience and where the shoe pinches in actual use in this non-polarizing electrode: (1) is for improving non-polarizing electrode and contact conditions greatly, need non-polarizing electrode is imbedded underground and pours water when laying electrode, this is very inconvenient when operation, becomes difficulty even may in areas such as such as desert, sandstone, frozen soil; (2) non-polarizing electrode has strict demand when depositing, and electrode must be placed among corresponding solution, electrode base can not be in atmosphere exposed for a long time; (3) non-polarizing electrode needs to match before use, to reach less extreme difference; (4) non-polarizing electrode is difficult to long-time continuous stable work, and owing to watering the loss of salt solution, non-polarizing electrode grounding requirement changes, and causes measurement effect to produce difference.
For tackling these defects of non-polarizing electrode, people attempt using capacitive electric field sensor (or claiming capacitive electrode) from the seventies in last century, after the nineties, external multiple country carries out the correlative study of capacitive electric field sensor, and have commercial product to meet the needs of the market, as Geometrics company of the U.S. the Ohm-Mapper that releases.But exist significantly not enough in these products: they are all operated in higher frequency, only can Underground shallow-layer target, there is big gap with the performance of non-polarizing electrode, cannot non-polarizing electrode be replaced.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical matters, one of fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of capacitive electric field sensor, directly can be positioned on ground, without the need to burying and pouring water and can carry out earth electric field measurement, this electric-field sensor has good low frequency characteristic simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of capacitive electric field sensor, comprising:
Battery lead plate, for inductively electric field potential;
Short lead, for the Signal transmissions that received by described battery lead plate to prime amplifier input end;
Prime amplifier, is converted to voltage signal for the electric field charge signal received by described battery lead plate and nurses one's health; And
Sensor output, for exporting the voltage signal after described conditioning;
Wherein, described battery lead plate uses metal material to make, and does not directly contact with ground.
Wherein, the metal material that described battery lead plate uses is selected from copper, aluminium, titanium or tantalum.
Wherein, described short lead surface is covered with the insulation course be made up of polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material.
Wherein, described prime amplifier has and is not less than 10
12the input impedance of ohm.
Described capacitive electric field sensor, also comprises the outer box of sensor, for protecting described capacitive electric field sensor.
Wherein, the outer box of described sensor is made up of macromolecule polymer material.
Wherein, described macromolecule polymer material is phenolics, polycarbonate or teflon.
Described capacitive electric field sensor also comprises the insulated column be made up of teflon or polyamide material, described battery lead plate and the outer box of described sensor not only separate by described insulated column, avoid electric charge on battery lead plate to leak on the outer box of described sensor, play the effect of fixing described battery lead plate simultaneously.
Wherein, the bandwidth of operation of described capacitive electric field sensor is 10mHz ~ 10kHz.
Known by technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect: capacitive sensor is directly positioned over measurement ground being carried out earth electric field, without the need to burying, without the need to pouring water, and simple operation; Capacitive sensor has wider working band, and low frequency can down to 10mHz, and high frequency, to 10kHz, meets the multiple metering system such as MT, CSMT, AMT, IP; Capacitive sensor can continous-stable work for a long time when ensureing power supply; Capacitive sensor is without the need to special Conservation environment.Non-polarizing electrode needs to put into corresponding electrolyte solution when storing, and drying is forbidden in bottom, and under capacitive sensor is kept at dry environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of non-polarizing electrode of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of capacitive electric field sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the equivalent circuit diagram of capacitive electric field sensor when measuring;
Fig. 4 is the Bode diagram of transition function between signal source and sensor output signal.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be noted that, in accompanying drawing or instructions describe, similar or identical part all uses identical figure number.The implementation not illustrating in accompanying drawing or describe is form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in art.In addition, although herein can providing package containing the demonstration of the parameter of particular value, should be appreciated that, parameter without the need to definitely equaling corresponding value, but can be similar to corresponding value in acceptable error margin or design constraint.The direction term mentioned in embodiment, such as " on ", D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc., be only the direction with reference to accompanying drawing.Therefore, the direction term of use is used to illustrate and is not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Capacitive electric field sensor of the present invention uses the mode of electric charge induction, but not non-polarizing electrode uses the mode of ion-exchange to obtain underground electric field potential, this working method determines capacitive electric field sensor can be placed in measurement ground being carried out earth electric field, and avoids the requirement of electrode pair grounding requirement.Capacitive electric field sensor of the present invention mainly comprises: battery lead plate, uses metal material to make, for inductively descending electric field; Prime amplifier, has and is not less than 10
12the input impedance of ohm, is converted to voltage signal for the electric field charge signal received by battery lead plate and amplifies; Short lead, for connecting electrode plate and prime amplifier; Sensor output, for exporting sensor signal; The outer box of optional sensor, uses nonmetallic materials to make, for protecting sensor; And optional insulated column, use and be not less than 10
12the insulating material of ohmcm body resistivity is made, and reveals to box outside sensor for preventing the electric charge on battery lead plate.
Improve the input impedance value of prime amplifier by the coupling capacitance that increases in capacitive electric field sensor between battery lead plate and the earth, and then widen the bandwidth of operation of capacitive electric field sensor, the low frequency environments of work to 10mHz can be made it.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
In one embodiment of the invention, provide and be a kind ofly placed in the capacitive electric field sensor that ground just can be carried out underground electric field measurement.With reference to figure 2, capacitive electric field sensor of the present invention comprises: the battery lead plate 10 be made up of metal material, for receiving telluric electricity field signal, metal material can be the comparatively active metal of the chemical property such as copper, aluminium, also can be the metal of the chemical inertness such as titanium, tantalum; There is the prime amplifier 8 of the input impedance of superelevation, for the telluric electricity field received signal is converted to voltage signal, and carry out suitable amplification; For the conductor 12 of connecting electrode plate 10 and prime amplifier 8, conductor 12 surface is covered with the insulation course be made up of polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material; For the output coaxial cable 14 that sensor exports, output line 14 is connected with the output of prime amplifier 8; The outer box 9 of the sensor be made up of nonmetallic materials, nonmetallic materials can be the macromolecular materials such as phenolics, polycarbonate, teflon, for protecting sensor; The insulated column 11 be made up of teflon or polyamide material, battery lead plate 10 and the outer box 9 of sensor not only can separate by insulated column 11, ensure there is sufficiently high impedance between the two, play the effect of fixed plate electrode 10 simultaneously.In addition, capacitive electric field sensor also comprise for give the interface 15 of sensor power and the switch 13 for opening or close stop sensor.
The outer box of sensor owing to using low conductivity macromolecular material to make between battery lead plate 10 and the earth 16 and insulated column 11 separate, there is not electrical connection between the two, battery lead plate and the earth and insulator wherein can be equivalent to a capacitor Ccouple, as shown in Figure 3, the electric field potential of the earth to battery lead plate, therefore claims this electric-field sensor to be capacitive electric field sensor by capacitor-coupled.These are different from traditional non-polarizing electrode, and non-polarizing electrode carries out redox reaction by the electrolyte in electrode and the ion in the earth, and then on electrode, produce the potential value with telluric electricity field electromotive force equivalence.There is real current path between non-polarizing electrode and the earth, and capacitive electric field sensor is the electric field potential being obtained the earth by capacitive coupling, between sensor and the earth, there is not real current path.But different from early stage capacitive electric field sensor, the lowest operating frequency of capacitive electric field sensor of the present invention can reach 10mHz, and early stage capacitive electric field sensor is many in audio frequency section.
Note telluric electricity field electromotive force is Vs, and the input resistance of prime amplifier 8 is Rin, input capacitance is Cin, and so the input terminal voltage Vin of pre-amplification circuit 8 is:
Suppose j ω CcoupleRin > > 1, j ω CinRin > > 1, formula (1) can be reduced to:
Known when meeting certain condition, prime amplifier 8 input terminal voltage can set up simple linear relationship with telluric electricity field electromotive force, when meeting Ccouple > > Cin condition, prime amplifier 8 input terminal voltage can be approximately equal to telluric electricity field electromotive force.Conditional j ω CcoupleRin > > 1, j ω CinRin > > 1 then require that prime amplifier 8 has high input impedance.
The input capacitance of normally used amplifier is generally at about 10pF, after using suitable means, the input capacitance of amplifier can be reduced to below 1pF further, coupling capacitance Ccouple when between battery lead plate 10 and the earth is not less than 10pF, so can think that amp.in voltage is approximately equal to telluric electricity field electromotive force.In fact, the coupling capacitance realizing this magnitude is easy to.Suppose that battery lead plate 10 is the square of length of side 10cm, the distance d between battery lead plate 10 and the earth is 1cm, insulator relative dielectric constant ε between the two
rbe 10, the earth be considered as good conductor, so
When filling the insulating material of huge dielectric constant between battery lead plate 10 and the earth, the electric capacity formed between the two will increase further.
Suppose the coupling capacitance Ccouple=100pF between battery lead plate 10 and the earth, the input capacitance Cin=10pF of prime amplifier, input resistance is Rin=10
12Ω, the Bode diagram of the transition function so between signal source and sensor output signal as shown in Figure 4.As seen from the figure, the low-frequency cut-off frequency of sensor is lower than 10mHz, and passband is smooth in bandwidth of operation.In addition suitable filtering link, can ensure that the bandwidth of operation of sensor is 10mHz ~ 10kHz.
In sum, capacitive electric field sensor can be operated in the frequency range of f >=10mHz, and free from errors can realize the measurement to underground electric field potential value.Relative to non-polarizing electrode, it without the need to watering salt solution, has greatly saved field work cost in use without the need to sensor is imbedded underground.Avoid the mistake that sensor causes because grounding requirement changes measuring simultaneously, can long time continuous working under the condition of satisfied power supply.Relative to early stage capacitive electric field sensor, capacitive character of the present invention can work tremendously low frequency, meets the frequency requirement of the multiple metering system such as CSMT, AMT.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a capacitive electric field sensor, comprising:
Battery lead plate, for inductively electric field potential;
Short lead, for the Signal transmissions that received by described battery lead plate to prime amplifier input end;
Prime amplifier, is converted to voltage signal for the electric field charge signal received by described battery lead plate and nurses one's health; And
Sensor output, for exporting the voltage signal after described conditioning.
2. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 1, wherein said battery lead plate uses metal material to make, and does not directly contact with ground.
3. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 2, the metal material that wherein said battery lead plate uses is selected from copper, aluminium, titanium or tantalum.
4. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 1, wherein said short lead surface is covered with the insulation course be made up of polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material.
5. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 1, wherein said prime amplifier has and is not less than 10
12the input impedance of ohm.
6. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 1, also comprises the outer box of sensor, for protecting described capacitive electric field sensor.
7. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 6, the outer box of wherein said sensor is made up of macromolecule polymer material.
8. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 7, wherein said macromolecule polymer material is phenolics, polycarbonate or teflon.
9. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 1, also comprise the insulated column be made up of teflon or polyamide material, described battery lead plate and the outer box of described sensor not only separate by described insulated column, avoid electric charge on battery lead plate to leak on the outer box of described sensor, play the effect of fixing described battery lead plate simultaneously.
10. capacitive electric field sensor according to claim 1, the bandwidth of operation of described capacitive electric field sensor is 10mHz ~ 10kHz.
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| CN201410840734.0A CN104502734A (en) | 2014-12-30 | 2014-12-30 | Capacitive electric field sensor |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105529749A (en) * | 2016-02-06 | 2016-04-27 | 山东信通电子股份有限公司 | Induction method and induction pole plate of high-voltage electric field induction self-power taking device |
| CN106645987A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-10 | 中国电力科学研究院 | System and method for measurement of transient state ground electric field |
| CN109001545A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-14 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of Rock And Soil electric-field sensor for landslide monitoring |
| CN111679325A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-09-18 | 北京理工大学 | Charge source motion height identification method based on planar electrostatic induction electrode array |
| CN114200219A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-18 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A encapsulation tube for promoting optical electric field sensor measurement accuracy |
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Application publication date: 20150408 |