CN104492389A - 一种天然高分子改性吸附剂 - Google Patents

一种天然高分子改性吸附剂 Download PDF

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CN104492389A
CN104492389A CN201410781844.4A CN201410781844A CN104492389A CN 104492389 A CN104492389 A CN 104492389A CN 201410781844 A CN201410781844 A CN 201410781844A CN 104492389 A CN104492389 A CN 104492389A
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宾远华
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • B01J20/24Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/285Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种天然高分子改性吸附剂及其制备方法,该方法是先将马铃薯淀粉溶解在蒸馏水中,在水浴中加热进行糊化,往糊化的混合物中加入引发剂硝酸铈铵溶液及丙烯酸和蒙脱土,反应完全后,用KOH溶液调节溶液PH值为中性,最后用丙酮、水洗涤,真空干燥,即为产品。

Description

一种天然高分子改性吸附剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸附剂材料,特别涉及一种淀粉基吸附剂及改性方法,属于化学领域。
背景技术
随着工业的迅速发展,化工技术应用越来越广泛,给我们生活带来方便的同时,也造成了许多污染,特别是水体污染,而水污染的污染源之一就是重金属,重金属污染是指由重金属或其化合物造成的环境污染,主要由采矿、废气排放、污水灌溉和使用重金属制品等因素所致,重金属具有不易移动溶解的特性,进入生物体后不能被排出,会造成慢性中毒。
重金属污染物一般具有潜在危害性。它们与有机污染物不同,水中的微生物难于使之分解消除,经过“虾吃浮游生物,小鱼吃虾,大鱼吃小鱼”的水中食物链被富集,浓度逐级加大。而人正处于食物链的终端,通过食物或饮水,将有毒物摄入人体,若这些有毒物不易***,将会在人体内积蓄,引起慢性中毒。在生物体内的某些重金属又可被微生物转化为毒性更大的有机化合物,例如众所周知的水侯病就是由所食鱼中含有氯化甲基汞引起的,“痛痛病”则由镉(Cd)污染引起的,这些震惊世界的公害事件都是工厂排放的污水中含有这些重金属所致。因此,重金属污染防治一直是环境科学研究的热点。
目前常用来处理含重金属废水的方法有中和沉淀法、硫化物沉淀法、氧化/还原法、螯合树脂法、电解还原法等,其中中和沉淀法、硫化物沉淀法、氧化/还原法等方法普遍存在试剂量大、处理成本高、易造成二次污染等问题,吸附法主要是利用高比表面积或具有多孔结构的物质作为吸附材料去除吸附重金属离子,该法的核心是吸附剂的选择,常用的吸附剂有活性炭、矿物质、分子筛和微生物等。
以天然高分子为原料制备的新型高效吸附剂也以其无可比拟的优点得到越来越多的重视。淀粉类高分子具有可再生、可生物降解、成本低廉等优点,它广泛存在于植物细胞组织中,是自然界存在数量仅次于纤维素且具有可再生性的碳水化合物,是一种重要的绿色化工原料,本发明以马铃薯淀粉为原料,通过化学、物理的方法进行处理制备出一种高分子改性吸附剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种天然高分子改性吸附剂及其制备方法,其方法包括如下步骤:
⑴ 取一定量马铃薯淀粉置于烧杯中,加入适量蒸馏水;
⑵ 把烧杯置于水浴中加热,持续搅拌至透明;
⑶ 将体系温度调至40-50℃,加入一定量的0.2mol/L的硝酸铈铵溶液引发剂;
⑷ 加入一定量的丙烯酸和蒙脱土,并搅拌使充分反应1-2h;
⑸  缓慢滴加KOH溶液,调节溶液PH为中性;
⑹ 再依次用丙酮、水洗;
⑺ 最后真空干燥,即为产品。
 优先地,步骤⑵中水浴加热温度不超过85℃。
 优先地,步骤⑶中添加的硝酸铈铵溶液的量与马铃薯淀粉的比例为10mL:1g。
本发明具有下列优点和特性:
⑴ 原料丰富,价格低廉;
⑵ 不造成二次污染,环境友好。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
取4g马铃薯淀粉放入烧杯中,加入80ml蒸馏水,置于水浴中加热,加热温度调至70℃,持续搅拌,溶液透明将体系温度调至40℃,加入0.2mol/L的硝酸铈铵溶液40mL,再加入8g的丙烯酸和8g的蒙脱土,搅拌使其充分反应1h后, 再缓慢滴入0.1mol/L NaOH溶液,调节溶液PH为中性,然后倒入丙酮中,沉淀用水洗,最后真空干燥,即为产品。
实施例二:
取10g马铃薯淀粉放入烧杯中,加入150ml蒸馏水,置于水浴中加热,加热温度调至80℃,持续搅拌,溶液透明将体系温度调至45℃,加入0.2mol/L的硝酸铈铵溶液100mL,再加入20g的丙烯酸和20g的蒙脱土,搅拌使其充分反应1.5h后, 再缓慢滴入0.1mol/L NaOH溶液,调节溶液PH为中性,然后倒入丙酮中,沉淀用水洗,最后真空干燥,即为产品。
实施例三:
取20g马铃薯淀粉放入烧杯中,加入400ml蒸馏水,置于水浴中加热,加热温度调至85℃,持续搅拌,溶液透明将体系温度调至50℃,加入0.2mol/L的硝酸铈铵溶液200mL,再加入40g的丙烯酸和40g的蒙脱土,搅拌使其充分反应2h后, 再缓慢滴入0.1mol/L NaOH溶液,调节溶液PH为中性,然后倒入丙酮中,沉淀用水洗,最后真空干燥,即为产品。

Claims (3)

1.一种天然高分子改性吸附剂及其制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
⑴ 取一定量马铃薯淀粉置于烧杯中,加入适量蒸馏水;
⑵ 把烧杯置于水浴中加热,持续搅拌至透明;
⑶ 将体系温度调至40-50℃,加入一定量的0.2mol/L的硝酸铈铵溶液引发剂;
⑷ 加入一定量的丙烯酸和蒙脱土,并搅拌使充分反应1-2h;
⑸  缓慢滴加KOH溶液,调节溶液PH为中性;
⑹ 再依次用丙酮、水洗;
⑺ 最后真空干燥,即为产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然高分子改性吸附剂及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤⑵中水浴加热温度不超过85℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然高分子改性吸附剂及其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤⑶中添加的硝酸铈铵溶液的量与马铃薯淀粉的比例为10mL:1g。
CN201410781844.4A 2014-12-18 2014-12-18 一种天然高分子改性吸附剂 Pending CN104492389A (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005108520A1 (de) * 2004-05-05 2005-11-17 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Zweikomponenten-kleb-/dichtstoff
CN1760261A (zh) * 2005-10-12 2006-04-19 西南石油学院 一种纳米复合吸水材料及制备方法
CN104072667A (zh) * 2014-06-16 2014-10-01 山东科技大学 一种基于多元复合高吸水纳米材料的森林灭火剂的合成方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005108520A1 (de) * 2004-05-05 2005-11-17 Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien Zweikomponenten-kleb-/dichtstoff
CN1760261A (zh) * 2005-10-12 2006-04-19 西南石油学院 一种纳米复合吸水材料及制备方法
CN104072667A (zh) * 2014-06-16 2014-10-01 山东科技大学 一种基于多元复合高吸水纳米材料的森林灭火剂的合成方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
聂红云 等: "淀粉基复合材料的制备及其对铅离子吸附性能的研究", 《安徽农业科学》 *

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Application publication date: 20150408