CN104488656A - Construction and building method of anti-pollution mangrove forest protection forest - Google Patents
Construction and building method of anti-pollution mangrove forest protection forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488656A CN104488656A CN201410841438.2A CN201410841438A CN104488656A CN 104488656 A CN104488656 A CN 104488656A CN 201410841438 A CN201410841438 A CN 201410841438A CN 104488656 A CN104488656 A CN 104488656A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction and building method of an anti-pollution mangrove forest protection forest. The construction and building method comprises the following steps that 1-2-year seedling mangrove plant species with the standard municipal sewage rate being more than 50% are selected according to municipal sewage standards; annular pagatpat annual or laguncularia racemosa biennial seedling forest zone with the width being 15m-20m is planted and constructed on mudflats which have more serious offshore pollution and great storms and are unsuitable for afforestation; after a pagatpat or laguncularia racemosa forest is planted for 2-3 years, the mangrove plant species are planted in a space in an offshore annular zone with the width being 15m-20m; the plant spacing and the row spacing for planting pagatpat or laguncularia racemosa are 1m-2m and 1m-2m respectively; the plant spacing of planting a local mangrove forest is 0.5m-1m and the row spacing is 0.5m-1m. According to the construction and building method, the mangrove forest is built on the mudflats which have more serious offshore pollution and great storms and are unsuitable for afforestation, so that the local mangrove forest can be built while exotic species are planted; the landscape ecology is coordinated and the species are diversified and abundant; the mangrove forest is high in survival rate and has good anti-pollution and anti-storm performances.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to and to pollute the large and beach non-suitable for afforestation that area is large the is afforested field of comparatively serious (inorganic nitrogen, heavy metal pollution), stormy waves in river mouth, coastal waters, bay etc., be specifically related to structure and the construction method of a kind of antipollution mangrove forest shelter forest.
Background technology:
Mangrove Wetlands is generally positioned at extra large land ecotone, mainly concentrate on the seashore Tideland resources that periodically soaked by seawater to flood, by Atmosphere System, land system and aqueous systems altogether same-action form, be in the wetlands ecosystems of Sea continental margin, there are unique hydrology, Biogeochemistry and ecological functions.Mangrove forest is one of four large high productivity marine ecosystems in the world, in Global Ecological balance, play irreplaceable important function.In recent years, due to the reason such as population pressure and economic development, cause the sea marine site artificial destruction of world wide coastal waters, pollute aggravation, global mangrove forest area presents the trend of continuing shrinkage, the seashore distribution of distribution mangrove forest reduces, wetland resource situation and ecological functions serious degradation thereof.Artificial Mangroves is all also being built energetically by the South China coastal each province of China, recovers Mangrove Wetlands, builds coastal protective coast-forest system, ensures Offshore Ecology safety.Mostly filled out as land due to mangrove forest ground suitable for afforestation or enclosed and cultivated and be used as economic industry such as development aquaculture, plant husbandry etc., recover Mangrove Wetlands then need non-suitable for afforestation in, low tide band beach carries out; Meanwhile, due to offshore pollution aggravation, this builds to non-district suitable for afforestation mangrove forest and brings larger technological challenge and difficulty.
In the Restoration Process of Artificial Spruce of strand Mangrove Wetlands, general native mangroves suitable growth is on the beach of middle and high tide band, and water body environment is good, growth rate is slower, to the elevation of beach and stability requirement higher, especially big-and-middle at stormy waves, low tide band and having pollutes on beach, and native mangroves and other plant cannot grow; And in littoral zone, low beach band beach is generally naked beach or light beach.If large at stormy waves, non-suitable for afforestation in, low tide band beach builds autochthon mangrove forest, first will by non-ground suitable for afforestation, low tide band beach transform the suitable for afforestation of suitable autochthon mangrove forest growth as, traditional remodeling method is raised by beach elevation by manually piling the mode of banketing, peripheral engineering measure such as use timber or sandbag etc. carries out reinforcing wind wave prevention wall the most, in order to resist stormy waves, to maintain beach height and stability, thus reach mangrove forest of one's native land growth requirement.This kind of method is comparatively large to the disturbance of seashore wetland ecotope, and cost is higher, and is easily had a strong impact in typhoon season, and is not suitable for building mangrove forest of one's native land on a large scale; With serious pollution water body will affect mangrove forest survival rate.
Pagatpat (Sonneratia apetala) is mangrove forest Sonneratiaceae plant, and natural distributed is in India, Bangladesh etc., and the height of tree is generally 15 ~ 20m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 25 ~ 30cm, and within more than 3 years, the age of tree can raise up seed.The eighties in last century (1985); China scientific and technical personnel successfully introduce a fine variety from the Shen Daben in the Bangladesh west and south (Sundarban); plant experimentally in Dong Zhaigang Mangrove Natural Nature Reserve, Hainan; yield positive results after 3 years, now extensively plant on China Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and other places.Draw Guan Mu (Laguncularia racemosa) also known as false mangrove or white mangrove, for combretaceae (Combretaceae) true mangrove plants, the Coastal beach of natural distributed eastern bank and African west bank in America, 1999 from La Paz city of Mexico introducing Hainan Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve; Start to yield positive results after 3 years, and a large amount of nursery stock of successful incubation is introduced a fine variety in Dianbai, Guangdong, Putian, fujian Province and other places.Pagatpat, La Guanmu are high megaphanerophyte, the aspects such as its fast grow, resistance, windproof imperial wave are all better than China's native country mangrove forest species, all remarkable result is had to windproof solid bank, created land with silt aspect, suitable planting is in seashore wetland, on low tide band, and artificial planting survival rate generally can reach more than 70%.Due to pagatpat, draw the adaptability of Guan Mu and fertility strong especially, there is certain antifouling property, with poor growth, compared with the higher indigenous tree species of beach conditional request, there is stronger competition and diffusivity, there is ecological risk in it, therefore, plantation autochthon mangrove forest requires larger plant height, and take on a certain scale, to ensure pagatpat, to draw the wooden artificial planting in pass can not threaten to mangrove forest growth of one's native land, and be beneficial to that the wave is high, the restoration and reconstitution of non-mud wetland ecotope suitable for afforestation, maintain denizen and autochthon mangrove forest bio-diversity.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of and both disturbance will have been caused to it also avoid ecological risk to seashore wetland ecotope and the high structure rationally building the antipollution mangrove forest shelter forest of antipollution mangrove forest on the large non-beach suitable for afforestation of stormy waves of mangrove forest survival rate and construction method.Method of the present invention can cannot self-sow and build autochthon mangrove forest by the height non-suitable for afforestation of inorganic nitrogen and heavy metal pollution, middle tide band beach at mangrove plant of one's native land.
Indication of the present invention pollute comparatively serious, the large non-beach suitable for afforestation of stormy waves refer to be not suitable in the growth of autochthon mangrove forest, low tide band beach.Technical thought of the present invention is: according to urban sewage standard, select 1 ~ 2 year seedling mangrove species pollutants removal rate being greater than to 50%, use pagatpat or draw and close carpentery workshop for afforestation pioneer tree species, comparatively serious in pollution, the beach non-suitable for afforestation that stormy waves is large builds pagatpat or draws Guan Mu forest belt, the function of the solid bank of its wind wave prevention and created land with silt is utilized suitably to improve elevation and the environment of beach to be restored, in remarkable improvement, the afforestation environment of low tide band beach, thus reach the growth requirement of autochthon mangrove forest, afforest on non-beach suitable for afforestation for autochthon mangrove forest and favourable habitat is provided.
The structure of antipollution mangrove forest shelter forest of the present invention and construction method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, according to urban sewage standard, select 1-2 seedling mangrove species standard municipal sewage clearance being greater than to 50%;
B, pollute plantation on comparatively serious, that stormy waves is large beach non-suitable for afforestation in offshore and build the life in 1 year of wide 15 ~ 20 meters of annular pagatpats or draw Guan Mu 2 years raw seedling forest belts;
C, close after the wooden seed of forest plants 2 ~ 3 years until pagatpat or draw, the mangrove species in wide 15 ~ 20 meters of endless belts of offshore in vacant lot plantation steps A; Described pagatpat or the spacing in the rows of drawing Guan Mu to plant are 1 ~ 2m, line-spacing is 1 ~ 2m; The spacing in the rows of described mangrove forest plantation of one's native land is 0.5 ~ 1m, line-spacing is 0.5 ~ 1m.
Mangrove species described in steps A, are preferably one or more in autumn eggplant, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera conjugata, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa.
Preferably, the pagatpat in step B or draw Guan Mu rope to be tied up by seedling to hold up and be fixed on bamboo bar, prevents from pagatpat or draws closing wooden seedling and being washed away by stormy waves, thus improve survival rate.
Described standard municipal sewage is plumbous 1mg/L, zinc 5mg/L, copper 2mg/L, total nitrogen 2mg/L, total phosphorus 0.4mg/L.
Denizen and autochthon is reasonably combined, both planting densities have difference, can ensure that denizen does not affect autochthon normal growth.
Different Red tree plant species to the clearance of pollutant (standard municipal sewage) as shown in Figure 1.
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, to filter out antipollution thing mangrove species antifouling property good in the present invention; utilize pagatpat or draw close wooden wind wave resistance, the Ecological Characteristics of short silt Gu Tan builds autochthon mangrove suitable for afforestationlyly and habitat; broken by manually heap banket raise beach elevation, build wind wave resistance wall build suitable for afforestation ground tradition; avoiding the impact etc. of artificially constructing on seashore wetland environment, is a kind of method of forestation of ecological, environmental protective.
2, the present invention plants autochthon mangrove forest seeds behind the ecological ground suitable for afforestation of formation, and the survival rate of the autochthon mangrove forest of afforestation is higher, cost is lower, has stronger antipollution, capacity of anti-storm.
3, the present invention builds denizen and autochthon mangrove forest has antipollution, wind wave resistance performance is good on the beach non-suitable for afforestation that river mouth, coastal waters, bay homalographic are larger, Mangrove Wetlands after recovery has property many compared with the biology of horn of plenty, the more traditional method of forestation of good ecological functions and sea shore landscape aspect all has remarkable lifting, maintains denizen and autochthon benign growths environment separately.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the clearances of Different Red tree plant species to pollutant (standard municipal sewage);
Fig. 2 is that capital town, Zhanjiang builds and construction has the mangrove forest with antipollution, wind wave resistance effect.
Embodiment:
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
According to urban sewage standard (plumbous 1mg/L, zinc 5mg/L, copper 2mg/L, total nitrogen 2mg/L, total phosphorus 0.4mg/L), select the 1-2 seedling autumn eggplant, the Bruguiera conjugata seedling that standard municipal sewage clearance are greater than to 50%.
On capital town, Zhanjiang first non-Dai Guang beach, low beach suitable for afforestation, village, choose the arcuate extent of coastwise line length 2000m, Breadth Maximum 800m, first outside this region, pollute plantation on the beach non-suitable for afforestation comparatively serious, stormy waves is large in offshore build the life in 1 year of wide 15 ~ 20 meters of annular pagatpats or draw the strain of Guan Mu 2 years raw seedling 17300, height of seedling 40 ~ 70cm, being tied up by seedling with rope holds up on bamboo bar (dark insert 60 ~ 70cm under soil), strain, line-spacing are about 1.5m × 1.5m, until sapling (surviving) plantation after 2 ~ 3 years.In wide 15 ~ 20 meters of endless belts of offshore the vacant lot configuration autochthon 2 years raw autumn eggplant, totally 643400 strains of Bruguiera conjugata seedling, strain, line-spacing are about 0.75m × 0.75m, nourishment 1 year.After curing period, calculating the autochthon mangrove that forest land survives is 546980 strains, and survival rate is 85.01%, also can fill the gaps with seedlings in curing period, increases afforestation rate.Autochthon mangrove forest grows into forest respond well, after 2 years within wide 20 meters of endless belts scope there are no pagatpat or draw the distribution of closing wooden plant.
Claims (3)
1. the structure of antipollution mangrove forest shelter forest and construction method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, according to urban sewage standard, select 1-2 seedling mangrove species standard municipal sewage clearance being greater than to 50%;
B, pollute plantation on comparatively serious, that stormy waves is large beach non-suitable for afforestation in offshore and build the life in 1 year of wide 15 ~ 20 meters of annular pagatpats or draw Guan Mu 2 years raw seedling forest belts;
C, close after the wooden seed of forest plants 2 ~ 3 years until pagatpat or draw, the mangrove species in wide 15 ~ 20 meters of endless belts of offshore in vacant lot plantation steps A; Described pagatpat or the spacing in the rows of drawing Guan Mu to plant are 1 ~ 2m, line-spacing is 1 ~ 2m; The spacing in the rows of described mangrove forest plantation of one's native land is 0.5 ~ 1m, line-spacing is 0.5 ~ 1m.
2. the structure of antipollution mangrove forest shelter forest according to claim 1 and construction method, is characterized in that, described mangrove species be the autumn eggplant, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera conjugata, Avicennia marina, one or more in Rhizophora stylosa.
3. the structure of antipollution mangrove forest shelter forest according to claim 1 and construction method, is characterized in that, the pagatpat in step B or draw Guan Mu rope to be tied up by seedling to hold up and be fixed on bamboo bar.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104982281A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-10-21 | 南通安立可农产品科技有限公司 | Planting method of kandelia candel at southern area of 37 degree north latitude |
| CN105210777A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-06 | 台州市椒江区林业特产总站 | A kind of non-river mouth suitable for afforestation Muddy Bottoms Tideland resources arbor disappears the structure in unrestrained forest belt and construction method |
| CN106171816A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 岭南师范学院 | A kind of construction method of breeding pollution beach Rhizophora apiculata Blume |
| CN107630444A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-01-26 | 舟山赛莱特海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of salt-soda soil planting beach remodeling method |
| CN109588191A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | A method of for restoring the mangrove on the beach of shrimp pool sewage draining exit region |
| CN110278823A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-09-27 | 厦门大学 | One kind moving back the also wet method of the pool also woods |
| CN110710412A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-21 | 岭南生态文旅股份有限公司 | Method for preventing typhoon of mangrove forest constructed wetland |
| CN111567301A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for planting mangrove forest in deep water bare beach |
| CN112352620A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-12 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Method for promoting succession of artificial forests of sonneratia apetala to local communities |
| CN113367014A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-10 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Method for ecologically repairing hardened river bank by mangrove forest plants |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104982281A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-10-21 | 南通安立可农产品科技有限公司 | Planting method of kandelia candel at southern area of 37 degree north latitude |
| CN105210777A (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2016-01-06 | 台州市椒江区林业特产总站 | A kind of non-river mouth suitable for afforestation Muddy Bottoms Tideland resources arbor disappears the structure in unrestrained forest belt and construction method |
| CN105210777B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-11-21 | 台州市椒江区林业特产总站 | A kind of non-Muddy Bottoms Tideland resources arbor in river mouth suitable for afforestation disappear unrestrained forest belt structure and build method |
| CN106171816A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 岭南师范学院 | A kind of construction method of breeding pollution beach Rhizophora apiculata Blume |
| CN107630444B (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-04-30 | 舟山赛莱特海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of salt-soda soil planting beach remodeling method |
| CN107630444A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-01-26 | 舟山赛莱特海洋科技有限公司 | A kind of salt-soda soil planting beach remodeling method |
| CN109588191A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-04-09 | 北京航空航天大学 | A method of for restoring the mangrove on the beach of shrimp pool sewage draining exit region |
| CN109588191B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-12-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for recovering mangrove forest on mudflat of drain outlet area of shrimp pond |
| CN110278823A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-09-27 | 厦门大学 | One kind moving back the also wet method of the pool also woods |
| CN110278823B (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-06-22 | 厦门大学 | Pond-removing forest-returning and wetting method |
| CN110710412A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-21 | 岭南生态文旅股份有限公司 | Method for preventing typhoon of mangrove forest constructed wetland |
| CN111567301A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for planting mangrove forest in deep water bare beach |
| CN111567301B (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2022-04-15 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for planting mangrove forest in deep water bare beach |
| CN112352620A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-02-12 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Method for promoting succession of artificial forests of sonneratia apetala to local communities |
| CN113367014A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-10 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Method for ecologically repairing hardened river bank by mangrove forest plants |
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Application publication date: 20150408 |