CN101473742A - Method for plating water hyacinth with control in open water - Google Patents
Method for plating water hyacinth with control in open water Download PDFInfo
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- CN101473742A CN101473742A CNA2009100250877A CN200910025087A CN101473742A CN 101473742 A CN101473742 A CN 101473742A CN A2009100250877 A CNA2009100250877 A CN A2009100250877A CN 200910025087 A CN200910025087 A CN 200910025087A CN 101473742 A CN101473742 A CN 101473742A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controllably breeding water hyacinth in an open water body, belongs to the aquatic plant breeding technical field, and also belongs to the environmental protection technical field which utilizes aquatic plants to govern open water eutrophication. In the method, wave attenuation floating beds are employed to controllably breed the water hyacinth in the open water body, machinery is employed for salvage, the best stocking number is not less than 500kg per mou, the water body is kept a certain interchangeability after stocking, a firm floating movable fence (wave attenuation floating bed partition) is employed while stocking, the wave attenuation floating beds can automatically rise and fall with the water level, and are made of foam ball floats, steel tubes, meshes, iron anchors, sinkers and net ropes, the fence is formed with the wave attenuation floating beds according to specific situations of the lake surface, the fence area is controlled at 1/3 of the water surface area, the fence area of a wave attenuation floating bed is controlled at 100 mou, the breeding area of the water hyacinth is controlled at 1/4-1/3 of the area of the wave attenuation floating beds; and the water hyacinth is salvaged and utilized, and is made into an organic fertilizer by combining with sludge of sewage treatment plants.
Description
Technical field
The method of plating water hyacinth with control in open water belongs to water plants breeding technical field, belongs to the environmental technology field that utilizes water plants to administer open body eutrophication simultaneously.
Background technology
Breeding weter hyacinth in the open water body in similar Taihu Lake adopted the fence of mao bamboon stake+net sheet making that weter hyacinth is carried out breeding in the past, and the pan soil under the mud is got in the mao bamboon stake, high the surfacing more than the 1m of stake, linked network in the stake, net height 2m, each 1m under water waterborne.A fence area is controlled at about 2 mu.Drop into an amount of weter hyacinth seedling in fence, the weter hyacinth self-sow before weter hyacinth withers, is salvaged disembarkation by artificial salvaging mode with weter hyacinth.
There are a lot of drawbacks in this weter hyacinth breeding technology in the past.The one, in open water body, the fence that mao bamboon stake+net sheet is made can't be Anti-Typhoon, and is badly damaged by typhoon easily; The 2nd, insecure solid, not durable in use, easily caused fence and net junk by the passing ships grazing, make the weter hyacinth flight; The 3rd, fence can't with the same lifting of water level, easily cause the weter hyacinth large tracts of land excessive when water level rises; The 4th, the salvaging mode adopts manually, inefficiency, expense costliness.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of plating water hyacinth with control in open water, the unrestrained floating bed of utilizationization, realized control fully to weter hyacinth breeding process, avoid the excessive flight of weter hyacinth and rot to cause secondary pollution, make weter hyacinth absorb material such as water body nitrogen phosphorus and administer the effect of body eutrophications and reach best water body.
Technical scheme of the present invention; A kind of method of plating water hyacinth with control in open water, the unrestrained floating bed of employingization is carried out controlled breeding weter hyacinth in open water body, and adopts machinery to salvage, and step is:
(1) over wintering:
Hibernacle is selected: hibernacle is selected leeward facing south, and near numerous waters of spring, irrigation and drainage are the paddy field easily;
Seedling is selected: select no damage by disease and insect, the weter hyacinth petiole is satisfactory, and rhizome is than approaching, and growth is normal, the plant seedling of long 15-20cm robust growth; Cauline leaf over growth, weter hyacinth petiole elongate and attenuate; The plant that root system is too short, few should not be elected to be seedling.
Wintering method: cover the method for surviving the winter with plastic film, facility is selected plastic tunnel for use, place for seed bed select leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage paddy field easily, the seedbed specification is decided according to plastic tunnel width and landform; The time of surviving the winter carried out in mid or late November, running check seedbed moisture, kept ground moistening or shoaling layer, and root system contact soil is not stacked simultaneously, and overwintering period is carried out the adjusting of temperature, humidity, 10 ℃ of control water temperatures;
(2) spring is numerous
Breed in the open with temperature in the daytime more than 13 ℃, night, minimum temperature was carried out after being higher than 5 ℃ and stable disconnected frost, breed after before April 20, seedling branches away from the seedbed of surviving the winter, and it is numerous that the spring is carried out in utilization guarantor kind of greenhouse or paddy field, still need or select hidding and sunny side, the fertile stable paddy field of water quality to cultivate with plastic foil or straw screen or mat covering and heat insulating, water layer keeps 20cm at least, every mu of branch kind weter hyacinth seedling is controlled 300 kilograms, removes the weter hyacinth seedling before May 20, allows stubble control put in a suitable place to breed;
(3) control is put in a suitable place to breed
Put the place in a suitable place to breed and avoid navigation channel and main flood discharge river course, put in a suitable place to breed in mid or late May and in lake surface or river course are put in planning in a suitable place to breed, carry out, stocking rate is not less than 500kg and is advisable for general every mu, puts the back in a suitable place to breed and keeps water body that certain exchangeability is arranged, and promotes the weter hyacinth growth and to the absorption of water body nitrogen phosphorus.Will implement the special messenger and be responsible for during culture in enclosure, strengthen daily management and maintenance, it is excessive to guarantee that weter hyacinth does not drift about, and has noted down and expanded variation of water around numerous amount and the zone weter hyacinth day.
Adopt firm floating activity to enclose when putting in a suitable place to breed and block-change unrestrained floating bed partition, changing unrestrained floating bed can alleviate the impulsive contact force of water body to weter hyacinth with the water level automatic lifting, avoids weter hyacinth broken, and residual body causes secondary pollution after sinking to and rotting.Change unrestrained floating bed by 1, the foam ball float, 2, steel pipe, 3, the net sheet, 4, anchor, 5, sinker, 6, nettle is made, surround square or rectangular fence, foam ball float specification is Φ (0.5-0.8m) * (0.8-1.2m), and adjacent two foam ball floats distance is 1.5-2m, on each foam ball float, link by two steel pipes respectively down, on adjacent two foam ball floats reach, vertical plane between the following steel pipe is equipped with the net sheet, the net sheet stretches out steel pipe down downwards, and the net sheet stretches out water surface 0.4-0.5m, gos deep into 1-1.5m under water, change unrestrained floating bed and adopt anchor, the mode that sinker is fixing, every 25 meters anchors that the 50kg that weighs is set, to guarantee floating bed enough intensity is arranged, can resist the invasion and attack of typhoon more than 8 grades completely.The 0.8-1m of being separated by under foam ball float or the net sheet is provided with the sinker of a 1-3kg, surround fence with changing unrestrained floating bed, the fence area is about 1/3, one fence area of changing unrestrained floating bed of water surface area and controls 100 mu, and weter hyacinth is thrown in area for changing the 1/4-1/3 of unrestrained floating bed area;
(4) machinery is salvaged
Weter hyacinth chance frost will be withered, death, and progressively submerged rots to decompose, and materials such as the nitrogen of its absorption, phosphorus again can be soluble in water once more, causes the secondary pollution of water body.Therefore, must organizational strength before frost, the weter hyacinth in the breeding zone is salvaged clean.Temperature is lower than 10 ℃ of weter hyacinths and stops growing, and therefore, must should the weter hyacinth salvaging be finished in 1-20 day in November before frost.
Weter hyacinth is salvaged the mode that adopts automated machine; salvage efficient for improving; automatically salvage by weter hyacinth machinery pick-up boat; the HF226B-PT pick-up boat of being made by Haifeng county, Zhangjagang City water surface environmental protection machinery Co., Ltd carries out the specialization salvaging; alleviated salvaging intensity; shorten the salvaging time, saved salvage expenses.After weter hyacinth is salvaged, take the mode of shipping+car fortune, deliver to fertilizer processing factory based on shipping.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the plating water hyacinth with control in open water technology in similar Taihu Lake, be mainly used in and in explorative water body, carry out the controlled breeding of large-scale weter hyacinth, weter hyacinth has absorbed a large amount of nitrogen phosphorus and poisonous and harmful substance in the water, utilize biological high nitrogen source fermentation, technology such as heavy metal passivation are successfully with a large amount of nitrogen that are rich in the open water body, the phosphorus nutrition element shifts and is fluitante, and then by salvaging collection utilization, combine with sludge of sewage treatment plants etc. and to be made into organic manure, formed one and effectively extracted nitrogen phosphorus from water body, utilize the approach of nitrogen phosphorus, thereby rich nutritive materials such as the nitrogen phosphorus in the minimizing water body, alleviate the eutrophy degree of open water body, progressively administer and recover the water quality of water body.
The advantage of 1, breeding technology and effect.
The wave is high owing to wind is high for the open water body in similar Taihu Lake, about 1-2 rice, higher to weter hyacinth breeding environmental requirement, we are by practice and innovation usually for SEA LEVEL VARIATION, and the change wave floating bed technology that employing has 3 big advantages has well solved this difficult problem.Compare with the fence that traditional mao bamboon stake+net sheet is made, 3 big advantages have: 1. culture in enclosure is protected to block and can be dissolved stormy waves, and wind loading rating is strong.2. culture in enclosure protects that block can be with the water level automatic lifting.3. can alleviate the impulsive contact force of water body, cause secondary pollution after avoiding the broken residual body of weter hyacinth to sink to rotting weter hyacinth.Most important advantage is the unrestrained floating bed of utilizationization, realized control fully to weter hyacinth breeding process, avoid the excessive flight of weter hyacinth and rot to cause secondary pollution, make weter hyacinth absorb material such as water body nitrogen phosphorus and administer the effect of body eutrophications and reach best water body.
2, salvage the advantage and the effect of mode.
Weter hyacinth is in time salvaged and handled is the key assurance of plating water hyacinth with control in open water technology, utilize the automatic pick-up boat of weter hyacinth, per hour can salvage 300 tons, improved the salvaging efficient of weter hyacinth greatly, alleviated working strength, thereby guaranteed that weter hyacinth can salvage disembarkation in enormous quantities in time, and effectively disposed, simultaneously than traditional artificial salvaging cost saving.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1ization wave floating bed schematic diagram.1, foam ball float, 2, steel pipe, 3, the net sheet, 4, anchor, 5, sinker, 6, nettle.
Fig. 2ization wave floating bed breeding weter hyacinth pictorial diagram.
Embodiment
Change unrestrained floating bed breeding weter hyacinth pictorial diagram as shown in Figure 1.
Over wintering: the area that weter hyacinth can not be survived the winter naturally, must pay much attention to over wintering work, for enough provenances are prepared in the weter hyacinth breeding in the coming year.Seedling safe overwintering technology comprises the following aspects:
(1) hibernacle is selected: hibernacle should select that leeward near numerous waters of spring, irrigation and drainage are local easily on the sunny side, with the paddy field for well.
(2) seedling is selected: select no damage by disease and insect, the cucurbit petiole is satisfactory, and rhizome is than approaching, and growth is normal, is about the plant seedling of 15-20 centimetre of robust growth.Cauline leaf over growth, cucurbit petiole elongate and attenuate, and the plant that root system is too short, few should not be elected to be seedling.
(3) wintering method: have multiple weter hyacinth to protect kind of a wintering method, recommend plastic film to cover the method for surviving the winter at this.Plastic film covers the facility of the method for surviving the winter and selects plastic tunnel for use, place for seed bed select leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage paddy field easily, the seedbed specification can be decided according to plastic tunnel width and landform.The time of surviving the winter generally carries out in mid or late November.Want running check seedbed moisture, keep ground moistening to shoaling layer all can, root system contact soil is not stacked simultaneously.Overwintering period is carried out the adjusting of temperature, humidity, generally keeps about 10 ℃ of water temperatures, keeps ground moistening to shoaling layer, and the weter hyacinth survival is got final product.
Spring is numerous: it mainly to be that seedling is cultivated process with next step expanding propagation that the spring is numerous.After winter, along with the rising of temperature, seedling should branch away from the seedbed of surviving the winter, expand numerous, at this moment since seedling a little less than, and the still not high instability of temperature, therefore, still need plastic foil or straw screen or mat covering and heat insulating or select hidding and sunny side, breed in fertile stable waters of water quality or paddy field.Can utilize and protect kind of greenhouse or paddy field to carry out the spring numerous, water layer keeps 20cm at least, and every mu can be divided about 300 kilograms of kind of weter hyacinth seedling.Removed the weter hyacinth seedling before May 20, allow stubble control put in a suitable place to breed.Numerous time in spring, breed in the open so that temperature is more than 13 ℃ in the daytime, night, minimum temperature was higher than 5 ℃, and carried out behind the stable disconnected frost, generally bred about April 20.
Control is put in a suitable place to breed: implement the place and avoid navigation channel and main flood discharge river course, put in a suitable place to breed in mid or late May and carry out in lake surface or river course are put in planning in a suitable place to breed, stocking rate is not less than 500kg and is advisable for general every mu.Put the back in a suitable place to breed and keep water body that certain exchangeability is arranged, promote the weter hyacinth growth and the absorption of water body nitrogen phosphorus.Will implement the special messenger and be responsible for during culture in enclosure, strengthen daily management and maintenance, it is excessive to guarantee that weter hyacinth does not drift about, and has noted down and expanded variation of water around numerous amount and the zone weter hyacinth day.
Adopt firm floating activity to enclose the unrestrained floating bed of blocking when putting in a suitable place to breed and cut off, changing unrestrained floating bed can alleviate the impulsive contact force of water body to weter hyacinth with the water level automatic lifting, avoids the broken residual body of weter hyacinth to sink to and causes secondary pollution after rotten.Change unrestrained floating bed and make, surround square or rectangular fence by foam ball float, steel pipe, net sheet, anchor, sinker, nettle etc.Change unrestrained floating bed and exceed water surface 0.5m, weights such as employing anchor are fixed, the ball float specification is Φ (0.5-0.8m) * (0.8-1.2m), adjacent two foam ball floats distance is 1.5-2m, on each foam ball float, link by two steel pipes respectively down, on adjacent two foam ball floats reach, vertical plane between the following steel pipe is equipped with the net sheet, the net sheet stretches out steel pipe down downwards, the net sheet stretches out water surface 0.4-0.5m, go deep into 1-1.5m under water, change unrestrained floating bed and adopt anchor, the mode that sinker is fixing is every 25 meters anchors that the 50kg that weighs is set, to guarantee that floating bed has enough intensity, can resist the invasion and attack of typhoon more than 8 grades completely.The 0.8-1m of being separated by under foam ball float or the net sheet is provided with the sinker of a 1-3kg, look the lake surface concrete condition and surround fence with changing unrestrained floating bed, the fence area is controlled to be 1/3 of water surface area, a fence area of changing unrestrained floating bed is controlled 100 mu, and weter hyacinth is thrown in the 1/4-1/3 of the unrestrained floating bed area of being controlled at of area.
Machinery is salvaged: weter hyacinth chance frost will be withered, death, and progressively submerged rots to decompose, and materials such as the nitrogen of its absorption, phosphorus again can be soluble in water once more, causes the secondary pollution of water body.Therefore, must organizational strength before frost, the weter hyacinth in the breeding zone is salvaged clean.Temperature is lower than 10 ℃ of weter hyacinths and stops growing, the calmodulin binding domain CaM climatological data, and southern area of Jiangsu Province should be salvaged weter hyacinth in 1-20 day in November and be finished.
Weter hyacinth is salvaged the mode that adopts automated machine.Salvage efficient for improving, salvaged automatically by weter hyacinth machinery pick-up boat, the HF226B-PT pick-up boat of being made by Haifeng county, Zhangjagang City water surface environmental protection machinery Co., Ltd carries out the specialization salvaging, has alleviated salvaging intensity, has shortened the salvaging time, has saved salvage expenses.After weter hyacinth is salvaged, take the mode of shipping+car fortune, deliver to fertilizer processing factory based on shipping.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of method of plating water hyacinth with control in open water is characterized in that the unrestrained floating bed of employingization is carried out controlled breeding weter hyacinth in open water body, and adopts machinery to salvage, and step is:
(1) over wintering:
Hibernacle is selected: hibernacle is selected leeward facing south, and near numerous waters of spring, irrigation and drainage are the paddy field easily;
Seedling is selected: select no damage by disease and insect, the weter hyacinth petiole is satisfactory, and rhizome is than approaching, and growth is normal, the plant seedling of long 15-20cm robust growth;
Wintering method: cover the method for surviving the winter with plastic film, facility is selected plastic tunnel for use, place for seed bed select leeward on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage paddy field easily, the seedbed specification is decided according to plastic tunnel width and landform; The time of surviving the winter carried out in mid or late November, running check seedbed moisture, kept ground moistening or shoaling layer, made root system contact soil not stack 10 ℃ of control water temperatures simultaneously;
(2) spring is numerous
Breed in the open with temperature in the daytime more than 13 ℃, night, minimum temperature was higher than 5 ℃, and carry out behind the stable disconnected frost, breed after before April 20, seedling branches away from the seedbed of surviving the winter, it is numerous that the spring is carried out in utilization guarantor kind of greenhouse or paddy field, still need or select hidding and sunny side, the fertile stable paddy field of water quality to cultivate with plastic foil or straw screen or mat covering and heat insulating, water layer keeps 20cm, and every mu of branch kind weter hyacinth seedling is controlled 300 kilograms, removed the weter hyacinth seedling before May 20, allow stubble control put in a suitable place to breed;
(3) control is put in a suitable place to breed
Stocking rate is not less than 500kg and is advisable for general every mu, putting the back in a suitable place to breed keeps water body that certain exchangeability is arranged, adopt firm floating activity to enclose when putting in a suitable place to breed and block-change unrestrained floating bed partition, changing unrestrained floating bed can be with the water level automatic lifting, change unrestrained floating bed by foam ball float (1), steel pipe (2), net sheet (3), anchor (4), sinker (5), nettle (6) is made, surround square or rectangular fence, foam ball float specification is Φ (0.5-0.8m) * (0.8-1.2m), adjacent two foam ball floats distance is 1.5-2m, on each foam ball float, link by two steel pipes respectively down, on adjacent two foam ball floats reach, vertical plane between the following steel pipe is equipped with the net sheet, the net sheet stretches out steel pipe down downwards, the net sheet stretches out water surface 0.4-0.5m, gos deep into 1-1.5m under water, changes unrestrained floating bed and adopts anchor, the mode that sinker is fixing, every 25 meters anchors that the 50kg that weighs is set, the 0.8-1m of being separated by under foam ball float or the net sheet is provided with the sinker of a 1-3kg, looks the lake surface concrete condition and surrounds fence with changing unrestrained floating bed, and the fence area is controlled to be 1/3 of water surface area, a fence area of changing unrestrained floating bed is controlled 100 mu, and weter hyacinth is thrown in 1/4-1/3 of the unrestrained floating bed area of being controlled at of area;
(4) machinery is salvaged
Temperature is lower than 10 ℃ of weter hyacinths and stops growing, and must carry out weter hyacinth and salvage before frost, should weter hyacinth be salvaged in 1-20 day in November to finish;
Weter hyacinth is salvaged the mode that adopts automated machine, is salvaged automatically by weter hyacinth machinery pick-up boat, after weter hyacinth is salvaged, takes the mode of shipping+car fortune based on shipping, delivers to fertilizer processing factory.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009100250877A CN101473742B (en) | 2009-02-18 | 2009-02-18 | Method for plating water hyacinth with control in open water |
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| CN103229703A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-07 | 沃邦（江苏）生态肥业有限公司 | Method for water hyacinth overwintering and breed conservation in South Jiangsu |
| CN103444398A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-18 | 安徽工程大学 | Water-hyacinth biological coverage method for corn planting |
| CN103931474A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-07-23 | 杭州爱立特生态环境科技有限公司 | Eichhornia crassipes cultivation method and method for measuring arsenic exceeding with eichhornia crassipes |
| CN104067917A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-10-01 | 常州大学 | Culture method of aquatic plant in low-concentration phosphorous enriched slightly-polluted water |
| CN105036341A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-11-11 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Flexible baffle suspended grid of biological floating bed in deep water body for resisting to stormy waves |
| CN105254017A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-20 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院 | Ecological comprehensive treating method for water subjected to eutrophication and heavy metal pollution |
| CN106522181A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-22 | 青岛厚科信息工程有限公司 | Water floating object intercepting device |
| CN106522179A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-22 | 青岛厚科信息工程有限公司 | Convenient intercepting device for overwater floating objects |
| CN108476952A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-09-04 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | A kind of water hyacinth breeding method |
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| CN103229703A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-07 | 沃邦（江苏）生态肥业有限公司 | Method for water hyacinth overwintering and breed conservation in South Jiangsu |
| CN103444398B (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2014-12-24 | 安徽工程大学 | Water-hyacinth biological coverage method for corn planting |
| CN103444398A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-12-18 | 安徽工程大学 | Water-hyacinth biological coverage method for corn planting |
| CN103931474A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-07-23 | 杭州爱立特生态环境科技有限公司 | Eichhornia crassipes cultivation method and method for measuring arsenic exceeding with eichhornia crassipes |
| CN104067917B (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2015-12-09 | 常州大学 | Low phosphorus water plants breeding method in a kind of enrichment micropollutant water |
| CN104067917A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-10-01 | 常州大学 | Culture method of aquatic plant in low-concentration phosphorous enriched slightly-polluted water |
| CN105036341A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-11-11 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Flexible baffle suspended grid of biological floating bed in deep water body for resisting to stormy waves |
| CN106522181A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-22 | 青岛厚科信息工程有限公司 | Water floating object intercepting device |
| CN106522179A (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-22 | 青岛厚科信息工程有限公司 | Convenient intercepting device for overwater floating objects |
| CN106522181B (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2021-07-23 | 青岛厚科信息工程有限公司 | Water floater intercepting device |
| CN105254017A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-20 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院 | Ecological comprehensive treating method for water subjected to eutrophication and heavy metal pollution |
| CN108476952A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-09-04 | 苏州农业职业技术学院 | A kind of water hyacinth breeding method |
| CN109792947A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-05-24 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | A kind of volume blanket submerged plant fixing device and its installation method suitable for submersible |
| CN109792947B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2024-01-02 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Rolling blanket type submerged plant field planting device suitable for water carrying operation and installation method thereof |
| CN114451286A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-10 | 上海市水产研究所（上海市水产技术推广站） | Water-leaving dry-type overwintering seed preservation method for water hyacinth |
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| CN101473742B (en) | 2011-03-30 |
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