CN104488534A - Method for planting Chinese yam in greenhouse - Google Patents
Method for planting Chinese yam in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488534A CN104488534A CN201410845918.6A CN201410845918A CN104488534A CN 104488534 A CN104488534 A CN 104488534A CN 201410845918 A CN201410845918 A CN 201410845918A CN 104488534 A CN104488534 A CN 104488534A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting Chinese yam in a greenhouse. The method comprises the steps of seed yam selection, seed sunning, fertilization-land preparation-ditching, timely sowing, field management and the like, wherein timely sowing is performed one day before sowing; seed yams are selected; seeds and soaked into 100 times of 50 percent carbendazim; the soaked seeds are sunned for sowing; during sowing, sowing ditches being 8-10 centimeters in widths and depths are dug on a soil ridge formed by means of mechanical ditching along the ridge; seeds are sown to the bottoms of the ditches by means of slight treading; 800-1,000 times of 50 percent chloroisobromine cyanuric acid wettable powder is sprayed along the sowing ditches; terminal buds of the seed yams are kept in a consistent direction; the seed yams are laid in the sowing ditches along the sowing ditches; the plant distances are 25 centimeters, and 2,500 plants are planted per mu. The method disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of preventing yam young plants from being lengthened, preventing branches and leaves from being lengthened and preventing fertilization deficiency along with high yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to raw vegetables or technical field of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, relate to a kind of method of chamber planting Chinese yam.
Background technology
Chinese yam has another name called Chinese yam, yampi, is annual or perennial prehensile liane, about 160 days breeding time, in China generally as annual vegetable or traditional Chinese medicine cultivation, does edible or medicinal with the meat stem tuber of underground hypertrophy.Chinese yam strong adaptability, China is except the part such as Tibet and Northern-Northeast China high and cold area, and all there is cultivation other various places.Chinese yam contains rich in protein, carbohydrate, multivitamin and medicinal ingredient, and be the health-care vegetable be loved by the people, be again conventional traditional Chinese medicine, consumption figure constantly increases in recent years, and planting benefit is better.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of method of chamber planting Chinese yam, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) select potato seed: 25-30 days before sowing, take out potato seed, select block terminal bud full, bright and clean elongated, plant without the Chinese yam of damage by disease and insect, the thick 2-3 of stem rotten without scar, nothing centimetre; (2) cut kind of a sterilization: the potato seed picked out first is cut down Chinese yam young plant, remaining part is cut into Chinese yam cross-talk, and section is stained with 70% ultra micro mancozeb sterilization;
(3) bask seeds: Chinese yam young plant takes airing 20-25 days, Chinese yam cross-talk must airing 25-30 days.Through the potato seed of airing, the inside atrophy of truncation surface;
(4) to apply fertilizer the ditching of whole ground: Chinese yam field is selected on the sunny side, physical features is smooth high and dry, subterranean water level is low, soil layer is deep fertile, loose ventilative, draining is unobstructed, after choosing field, will plough before every mu of farmyard manure 5000-6000 kilogram executing to become thoroughly decomposed, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, composite fertilizer 150 kilograms or 20 kilograms, urea, two ammoniums 50 kilograms, potassium sulfate 50 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, for control soil insect and soil-borne disease, 2 kilograms, every mu of use 1.1% matrine pulvis mixes soil or chemical fertilizer broadcast application, then soil is ploughed 30 centimetres of rakes broken, subsoiling ditch soil 100-170 centimetre wanted by plantation Chang Mount medicine, and ridging of earthing up on the ditch soil of subsoiling,
(5) begin sowing in good time: one day prior to seeding, to select for the last time potato seed, choose sick and wounded, the potato seed of rotting, by 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of immersion kinds, 5 points of kinds, dry and wait to plant, during sowing, on the rib first trained out in mechanical ditching, open wide along the direction on ridge, the seed furrow of dark each 8-10 centimetre, gently step at the bottom of seed furrow with pin, with 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder 800-1000 times of liquid, or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 1000 times of liquid, or 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid is sprayed along seed furrow, potato seed kept terminal bud direction consistent, lie in seed furrow along the direction of seed furrow, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, every mu of sowing 2500 strains,
(6) field management: Chinese yam after planting, Chinese yam young plant was emerged at 18-22 days, Chinese yam cross-talk was emerged at 25-35 days, every strain Chinese yam can only retain a sturdy stem, find the plant of many stems when emerging, timely thinning, pull out unnecessary stem climing, and with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion 1000 times and 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder 1000 times mixing liquid irrigating root, prevent wound infection germ;
After Chinese yam emerges one week, in the middle of Liang Hanggou, compound organic and inorganic fertilizer 50-100 kilogram is imposed before every mu of rain, after the neat seedling of late May Chinese yam, the alveole of wineglass size is pushed aside at the base portion of every strain stem, with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 800 times of liquid, add 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, the 500 times of liquid mixing of 5% jinggangmycin aqua fill with root, every perfusion liquid 50-75 gram, foliation is started during Chinese yam height of seedling 1-1.5 rice, the foliation initial stage, 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid are added with 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times liquid, or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion add 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid and spray cauline leaf, prevention anthracnose, white puckery disease and brown spot, added 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid with 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder afterwards every 10-15 days to spray again once, should from cauline leaf top spray to ground during spray medicine, basic element of cell division 600-800 times liquid and Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid can be added when spraying medicine vegetative period at every turn, every strain can increase branch 3-5 bar, during Chinese yam seedling mid-June climing bottom branch 10 centimetres, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 and props up 500 times of liquid once, promote that new Chinese yam grows, prevent Chinese yam young plant from elongating, shoot and leaf growth contains period management: with 1.8% Avermectin 5000-8000 times of liquid spraying control, early July, spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen potassium and rush fertilising 25 kilograms before every mu of rain, if plant is de-fertile after 20 days, then execute 25 kilograms, if not de-fertile, can add 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by foliage-spray Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid, every 15 days once, mid-July, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 and props up 500 times of liquid, every spray in 10-15 days once, connect spray 2-3 time, control the prosperous length of branches and leaves, promote young Chinese yam to be formed and increase thick, formula is: 1. 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder adds 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder 800-1000 times of liquid cauline leaf and sprays, 2. 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion adds 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and sprays,
3. 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder adds 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid and sprays;
4. 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid add 70% Wettable propineb powder 600-800 times liquid and spray; 5. 21% Peracetic acid aqua adds 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate aqua, 500 times of liquid and sprays; 6. 10% Difenoconazole 600-800 times liquid sprays,
More than formula is used alternatingly;
The rapid expanding stage of stem tuber:
(1) anticreep is fertile: from late July, can spray 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid 2-3 time, and before early August rain, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-25 kilogram; (2) disease prevention: continue the pharmaceutical formulation containing phase 1-6 according to shoot and leaf growth, 7-10 days blade face spray medicines are once;
(3) anti-prosperous length: as still having prosperous length after September 10, every mu of use 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 props up 500 times of liquid sprayings once.
Method emphasis of the present invention solves:
(1) reduce the infection rate of Chinese yam young plant and Chinese yam cross-talk, improve Chinese yam emergence rate;
(2) multiple nutrients liquid with the use of, prevent Chinese yam young plant from elongating, prevent that branches and leaves from overgrowing, anticreep is fertile.
The more detailed cultivation method of the present invention is as follows:
One, breeding is selected:
Chinese yam wants high yield, selects breeding very crucial.Chinese yam kind can be divided into edible Chinese yam, medicinal Chinese yam and dietotherapeutic Chinese yam by purposes.Chang Mount medicine, flat Chinese yam and circle Chinese yam can be divided into by shape.Chang Mount medicine is long column shape; Flat Chinese yam is like sole, in fan-like pattern, up-narrow and down-wide; Circle Chinese yam is short circle or irregular lumps.Two, potato seed process: chosen kind, also will carry out necessary process to the potato seed stored and buy, could improve germinating capacity and the diseases prevention ability of potato seed, for Chinese yam high yield is laid a solid foundation.Potato seed process is generally carried out prior to seeding for 25-30 days, and northern area is many before and after the Spring Equinox, and southern area is many before and after the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term).The work selected potato seed, cut kind of sterilization and three aspects of basking seeds mainly is carried out in potato seed process.
1, select potato seed: 25-30 days before sowing, take out potato seed, select block terminal bud full, bright and clean elongated, without damage by disease and insect, plant without scar, nothing Chinese yam that is rotten, thick more than 2 centimetres of stem.2, sterilization is cut kind: a complete Chang Mount medicine, upper end 15-20 centimetre of thinner part is Chinese yam young plant, and remaining part is Chinese yam cross-talk.Plant Chinese yam and generally use the Chinese yam young plant produced last year, when Chinese yam young plant deficiency, also can use Chinese yam cross-talk.The potato seed picked out first is cut down Chinese yam young plant, and remaining part is cut into Chinese yam cross-talk.Section is stained with 70% ultra micro mancozeb sterilization.When planting with Chinese yam young plant, planting block can be suitable less; When planting with Chinese yam cross-talk, planting block should be larger, and length is greater than 20 centimetres, is advisable for weight 150-250 gram.The part of Chinese yam latter end should not be planted.
3, bask seeds: the potato seed cut will be placed on airing on reed matting, to remove moisture too much in potato seed, prevent potato seed from after planting rotting, promote that potato seed is germinateed.Often to stir potato seed when basking seeds, potato seed is heated evenly, at dusk add a cover careless felt in order to avoid potato seed is made moist suffers from cold.Generally, Chinese yam young plant takes airing 20-25 days, and Chinese yam cross-talk must airing 25-30 days.Through the potato seed of airing, the inside atrophy of truncation surface.4, to apply fertilizer the ditching of whole ground: while process potato seed, field will be chosen, whole good soil for plantation Chinese yam, and dig Chinese yam ditch.Chinese yam field will be selected on the sunny side, physical features smooth high and dry, subterranean water level is low, soil layer deep fertile, loose ventilative, draining is unobstructed, the plot of not planting Chinese yam for 3 years more than, soil is sandy soil or sandy loam, in neutrality or alkalescent.After choosing field, will plough before every mu the farmyard manure 5000-6000 executing to become thoroughly decomposed kilogram, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, composite fertilizer 150 kilograms, or 20 kilograms, urea, two ammonium 50 kilograms, potassium sulfate 50 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, if there is no farmyard manure, compound organic and inorganic fertilizer 150 kilograms can be executed for every mu.For control soil insect and soil-borne disease, 2 kilograms, every mu of use 1.1% matrine pulvis mixes soil or chemical fertilizer broadcast application, and it is broken then soil to be ploughed 30 centimetres of rakes.Subsoiling ditch soil 100-170 centimetre wanted by plantation Chang Mount medicine, and ridging of earthing up on the ditch soil of subsoiling.Banking up of the loosening the soil time can determine according to sowing area and workload, only otherwise delay sowing just.Be advisable with 50-70 rice with north-south, ridge length in the direction on ridge.Self-propelled multifunctional Chinese yam ditching loosenning tiller is specially for planting the miniature farm machinery that Chinese yam is developed.Be used as power and running gear with four-wheel tractor, form ditching by support and liftable augers and to loosen the soil system.Yam cultivation has a ridge single file and a ridge duplicate rows two kinds of patterns, and Chinese yam ditching loosenning tiller is also divided into single file and duplicate rows two kinds.Single file ditching loosenning tiller has a drill bit, and duplicate rows ditching loosenning tiller has two drill bits.During banking up of loosening the soil, first put ridge line well in field: a ridge single file cultivation, by row spacing 1 meter of unwrapping wire; One ridge duplicate rows cultivation, by row spacing 1.3 meters of unwrapping wire.Ditching loosenning tiller is reached field, reserves pine soil depth by 100-170 centimetre, the drill bit that makes of single file cultivation aims at ridge line, the midpoint alignment ridge line made between two drill bits of duplicate rows cultivation.Put down jacking system, make drill bit enter soil and reach the predetermined degree of depth.Gear is placed on 1 file location, fills up throttle, at the uniform velocity walk along ridge line, augers rotates in underground and advances, and disposablely can complete underground trench digging and loosen the soil and the on the ground multiple working procedure such as banking up.In order to ensure rapid draining in rainy season and draining, around Chinese yam ground drainage trenching, communicate with outer fissure.
5, begin sowing in good time: handle potato seed well, after the ridging that loosens the soil, sowing of just can awaiting a favorable opportunity.Chinese yam happiness is warm, cold-resistant, fearness frost, under outdoor cropping condition, just can sow when after Basin of Huaihe River late March-early April latest frost, ground temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C, upper, sowing in the middle ten days in the Yangtze river basin general March, upper, sowing in the middle ten days in Huanghe valley April, northeast and the Northwest generally by the end of April, sowing in the first tenday period of a month in May.One day prior to seeding, to select for the last time potato seed, choose potato seed that is sick and wounded, that rot.By 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of immersion kinds, 5 points of kinds, dry and wait to plant.During sowing, on the rib first trained out in mechanical ditching, the seed furrow of wide, dark each 8-10 centimetre is opened along the direction on ridge, gently step at the bottom of seed furrow with pin, spray along seed furrow with 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder 800-1000 times of liquid or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 1000 times of liquid or 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid.Potato seed kept terminal bud direction consistent, lie in seed furrow along the direction of seed furrow.In general rich water situation, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, about every mu of sowing 2500 strains.For ease of management, the potato seed of Chinese yam young plant, Chinese yam section and different size will separately be sowed.After planting cover the hack of 8-10 cm thick in time, soil moisture conservation of being clapped on ridge.6, field management: after planting, schedule has just been laid out in field management to Chinese yam.Chinese yam, from being seeded into results, experience seedling stage, the bar tiller phase is got rid of in foliation, shoot and leaf growth contains the phase, the vegetative stage such as the old and feeble stem tuber influx time of the rapid expanding stage of stem tuber and branches and leaves, according to the feature of Chinese yam Different growth phases, will enhance field management.(1) seedling management: Chinese yam is climbing plants, stem, branch must climb up support growth.After planting will prick frame in time during this period of time to height of seedling 30 cm, frame material can with bamboo pole or hard branch, and the mode of pricking frame is generally man-like shelf or quadrupod: man-like shelf be two frame materials to bundle, quadrupod is that four frame materials are to bundle.Frame material embedded depth 20 cm, frame is high is advisable with 1.5-1.7 rice.For improving support force and the wind loading rating of support, frame top couples together by available frame material.After planting, Chinese yam young plant needs emerge for 18-22 days to Chinese yam, and Chinese yam cross-talk needs emerge for 25-35 days.Every strain Chinese yam can only retain a sturdy stem, find the plant of many stems when emerging, timely thinning, pull out unnecessary stem climing, and with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion 1000 times and 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder 1000 times mixing liquid irrigating root, prevent wound infection germ.If weather is arid, can spray, promote to emerge and neat seedling.(2) Chinese yam emerge after one week, in the middle of Liang Hanggou, before every mu of rain, impose compound organic and inorganic fertilizer 50-100 kilogram.After the neat seedling of late May Chinese yam, the alveole of wineglass size can be pushed aside at the base portion of every strain stem, with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 800 times of liquid, add 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, root is filled with in the 500 times of liquid mixing of 5% jinggangmycin aqua, every perfusion liquid 50-75 gram, for preventing the control of root disease and fusarium wilt their early stage.If on discovery stem foxiness or plant withered, first time fill with root fill with again once after 15 days.Meanwhile, timely weeding, tread ridge root.Meet heavy rain and want timely draining, prevent the ditch that collapses.(3) climing tiller period management is got rid of in foliation: be that the climing tiller phase is got rid of in Chinese yam foliation to mid-June by the end of May.The emphasis of field management prevents disease infringement leaf climing, promotes branch how estranged, allow tendril be covered with Chinese yam frame as early as possible, increase Efficient leaf area.Foliation is started during Chinese yam height of seedling 1-1.5 rice.At the foliation initial stage, add 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid with 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times liquid, or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion adds 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid and sprays cauline leaf, prevention anthracnose, white puckery disease and brown spot etc.Added 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid with 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder afterwards every 10-15 days to spray again once.Should, from cauline leaf top spray to ground, emphasis be wanted to spray to the cauline leaf by ground during spray medicine.Branch more Chinese yams single plant yield is higher.In order to promote branch how estranged, can add basic element of cell division 600-800 times liquid and Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid when spraying medicine this vegetative period, every strain can increase branch 3-5 bar at every turn.During climing bottom branch 10 cm of Chinese yam seedling mid-June, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 and props up 500 times of liquid once, promotes that new Chinese yam grows, prevent Chinese yam young plant from elongating.(4) shoot and leaf growth contains period management: Chinese yam entered shoot and leaf growth and contained the phase to mid-July late June.The emphasis of field management to ensure branches and leaves robust growth, prevents the prosperous length of branches and leaves again, also want prevention and elimination of disease and pests.To early August, easily there is the insect such as two spotted spider mite, noctuid in late June, available 1.8% Avermectin 5000-8000 times of liquid spraying control.Early July, spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen potassium before every mu of rain and rush fertilising 25 kilograms.If after 20 days, plant is de-fertile, then executes 25 kilograms; If not de-fertile, can add 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by foliage-spray Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid, every 15 days once.Mid-July, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 and props up 500 times of liquid, every spray in 10-15 days once, connects spray 2-3 time, controls the prosperous length of branches and leaves, promotes young Chinese yam to be formed and increases thick.(5) July, enter the Chinese yam disease high-incidence season, answer and spray medicine diseases prevention once in 7-10 days.Optional formula is: 1. 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder adds 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder 800-1000 times of liquid cauline leaf and sprays.2. 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion adds 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and sprays.3. 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder adds 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid and sprays.4. 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid add 70% Wettable propineb powder 600-800 times liquid and spray.5. 21% Peracetic acid aqua adds 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate aqua, 500 times of liquid and sprays.6. 10% Difenoconazole 600-800 times liquid sprays.More than formula is used alternatingly.During the large generation of disease, suitably increase dose, shorten the medication interval time.During first discovery fallen leaves, spray continuously 3 times by the order of above 5,1,6 three formulas immediately.7, the rapid expanding stage of stem tuber: late July, Chinese yam entered the rapid expanding stage of stem tuber to early September.The emphasis of management is anti-collapse ditch, anti-dry season, disease prevention, fertile, the anti-prosperous length of anticreep.
(1) anticreep is fertile: from late July, can spray 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid 2-3 time.Before early August rain, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-25 kilogram.(2) disease prevention: continue the pharmaceutical formulation containing phase 1-6 according to shoot and leaf growth, 7-10 days blade face spray medicines once.(3) anti-prosperous length: as still having prosperous length after September 10, every mu of use 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 props up 500 times of liquid sprayings once.8, the old and feeble stem tuber influx time management of branches and leaves: mid-September, Chinese yam entered the old and feeble stem tuber influx time of branches and leaves to the Frost's Descent.The emphasis of management prevents tendril early ageing and prosperous length.Soil topdressing is not generally taked in early ageing field, can foliage-spray Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid once, to extend the shoot growth time; 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua can be sprayed once in prosperous long field.Can spray during weather arid and water, keep the certain humidity of soil.
9, results and storage: gathering in the crops overview Chinese yam blade and start to come off, first Chinese yam support is pulled out together with branches and tendrils, then frame material is extracted out, putting in order in order to using again the coming year.The stem branches and leaves of Chinese yam can be with multiple germ, tendril and the residual branch of fallen leaves on the ground will be cleaned out, focus on after results.During long Chinese yam harvesting, first from one end of Chinese yam ditch, dig out one with former Chinese yam furrow width, deeply identical hole, Chinese yam topsoil is rejected by direct motion, after finding stem tuber top, with special long hand shovel, from the ranks deep-cutting downwards along stem tuber, after whole stem tuber comes out, grasp stem tuber middle and upper part, with remaining radicula of scoop sliding trackle, more carefully propose, keep stem tuber complete as far as possible, avoid damaging and fractureing.The Chinese yam dug out slightly does airing in field, and the earth on removing stem tuber surface and side root, just can sell or preserve.
The good effect that method disclosed by the invention is compared with prior art had is:
(1) Chinese yam emergence rate is improved;
(2) method of the present invention has the high feature of Chinese yam yield.
Embodiment:
Following embodiment is convenient to understand the present invention better, but does not limit the present invention.The various reagent such as the farmyard manure wherein become thoroughly decomposed, soya-bean cake, composite fertilizer or urea, two ammoniums, potassium sulfate, beans matrine pulvis, benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, thiophanate-methyl, benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, micro-mancozeb wettable powder, chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, the basic element of cell division, 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua are conventional agricultural chemicals, all buy from market, all have commercially available.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of chamber planting Chinese yam:
(1) select potato seed: sow first 30 days, take out potato seed, select block terminal bud full, bright and clean elongated, without damage by disease and insect, plant without scar, nothing Chinese yam that is rotten, thick 3 centimetres of stem; (2) cut kind of a sterilization: the potato seed picked out first is cut down Chinese yam young plant, remaining part is cut into Chinese yam cross-talk, and section is stained with 70% ultra micro mancozeb sterilization;
(3) bask seeds: Chinese yam young plant takes airing 25 days, the necessary airing of Chinese yam cross-talk 30 days.Through the potato seed of airing, the inside atrophy of truncation surface;
(4) to apply fertilizer the ditching of whole ground: Chinese yam field is selected on the sunny side, physical features is smooth high and dry, subterranean water level is low, soil layer is deep fertile, loose ventilative, draining is unobstructed, after choosing field, will before ploughing every mu of farmyard manure executing to become thoroughly decomposed 6000 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, composite fertilizer 150 kilograms or 20 kilograms, urea, two ammoniums 50 kilograms, potassium sulfate 50 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, for control soil insect and soil-borne disease, 2 kilograms, every mu of use 1.1% matrine pulvis mixes soil or chemical fertilizer broadcast application, then soil is ploughed 30 centimetres of rakes broken, 170 centimetres, subsoiling ditch soil wanted by plantation Chang Mount medicine, and ridging of earthing up on the ditch soil of subsoiling,
(5) begin sowing in good time: one day prior to seeding, to select for the last time potato seed, choose sick and wounded, the potato seed of rotting, by 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of immersion kinds, 5 points of kinds, dry and wait to plant, during sowing, on the rib first trained out in mechanical ditching, open wide along the direction on ridge, the seed furrow of deeply each 10 centimetres, gently step at the bottom of seed furrow with pin, with 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid, or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 1000 times of liquid, or 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid are sprayed along seed furrow, potato seed kept terminal bud direction consistent, lie in seed furrow along the direction of seed furrow, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, every mu of sowing 2500 strains,
(6) field management: Chinese yam after planting, Chinese yam young plant was emerged at 18-22 days, Chinese yam cross-talk was emerged at 25-35 days, every strain Chinese yam can only retain a sturdy stem, find the plant of many stems when emerging, timely thinning, pull out unnecessary stem climing, and with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion 1000 times and 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder 1000 times mixing liquid irrigating root, prevent wound infection germ;
After Chinese yam emerges one week, in the middle of Liang Hanggou, compound organic and inorganic fertilizer double centner is imposed before every mu of rain, after the neat seedling of late May Chinese yam, the alveole of wineglass size is pushed aside at the base portion of every strain stem, with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 800 times of liquid, add 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, roots are filled with in the mixing of 5% jinggangmycin aqua, 500 times of liquid, every perfusion liquid 75 grams, foliation is started during Chinese yam height of seedling 1.5 meters, the foliation initial stage, 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid are added with 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1000 times of liquid, or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion add 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid and spray cauline leaf, prevention anthracnose, white puckery disease and brown spot, added 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid with 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder afterwards every 15 days to spray again once, should from cauline leaf top spray to ground during spray medicine, basic element of cell division 600-800 times liquid and Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid can be added when spraying medicine vegetative period at every turn, every strain can increase branch 5, during Chinese yam seedling mid-June climing bottom branch 10 centimetres, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua, 1.5 500 times of liquid once, promote that new Chinese yam grows, prevent Chinese yam young plant from elongating, shoot and leaf growth contains period management: with the 8000 times of liquid spraying controls of 1.8% Avermectin, early July, spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen potassium and rush fertilising 25 kilograms before every mu of rain, if plant is de-fertile after 20 days, then execute 25 kilograms, if not de-fertile, can add 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by foliage-spray Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid, every 15 days once, mid-July, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua, 1.5 500 times of liquid, every spray in 15 days once, connect spray 3 times, control the prosperous length of branches and leaves, promote young Chinese yam to be formed and increase thick, formula is: 1. 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder adds 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid cauline leafs and sprays, 2. 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion adds 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and sprays,
3. 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder adds 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid and sprays;
4. 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid add 70% Wettable propineb powder 600-800 times liquid and spray; 5. 21% Peracetic acid aqua adds 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate aqua, 500 times of liquid and sprays; 6. 10% Difenoconazole, 800 times of liquid spray,
More than formula is used alternatingly;
The rapid expanding stage of stem tuber:
(1) anticreep is fertile: from late July, can spray 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid 2-3 time, and before early August rain, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-25 kilogram; (2) disease prevention: continue the pharmaceutical formulation containing the phase 6 according to shoot and leaf growth, 10 days blade face spray medicines are once;
(3) anti-prosperous length: as still having prosperous length after September 10,1.5 the 500 times of liquid sprayings of every mu of use 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua once.Finally gather in the crops and preserved.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of chamber planting Chinese yam:
(1) select potato seed: sow first 25 days, take out potato seed, select block terminal bud full, bright and clean elongated, without damage by disease and insect, plant without scar, nothing Chinese yam that is rotten, thick 2 centimetres of stem; (2) cut kind of a sterilization: the potato seed picked out first is cut down Chinese yam young plant, remaining part is cut into Chinese yam cross-talk, and section is stained with 70% ultra micro mancozeb sterilization;
(3) bask seeds: Chinese yam young plant takes airing 20 days, the necessary airing of Chinese yam cross-talk 25 days.Through the potato seed of airing, the inside atrophy of truncation surface;
(4) to apply fertilizer the ditching of whole ground: Chinese yam field is selected on the sunny side, physical features is smooth high and dry, subterranean water level is low, soil layer is deep fertile, loose ventilative, draining is unobstructed, after choosing field, will before ploughing every mu of farmyard manure executing to become thoroughly decomposed 5000 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, composite fertilizer 150 kilograms or 20 kilograms, urea, two ammoniums 50 kilograms, potassium sulfate 50 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, for control soil insect and soil-borne disease, 2 kilograms, every mu of use 1.1% matrine pulvis mixes soil or chemical fertilizer broadcast application, then soil is ploughed 30 centimetres of rakes broken, 100 centimetres, subsoiling ditch soil wanted by plantation Chang Mount medicine, and ridging of earthing up on the ditch soil of subsoiling,
(5) begin sowing in good time: one day prior to seeding, to select for the last time potato seed, choose sick and wounded, the potato seed of rotting, by 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of immersion kinds, 5 points of kinds, dry and wait to plant, during sowing, on the rib first trained out in mechanical ditching, open wide along the direction on ridge, the seed furrow of deeply each 8 centimetres, gently step at the bottom of seed furrow with pin, with 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 1000 times of liquid, or 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid are sprayed along seed furrow, potato seed kept terminal bud direction consistent, lie in seed furrow along the direction of seed furrow, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, every mu of sowing 2500 strains,
(6) field management: Chinese yam after planting, Chinese yam young plant was emerged at 18-22 days, Chinese yam cross-talk was emerged at 25-35 days, every strain Chinese yam can only retain a sturdy stem, find the plant of many stems when emerging, timely thinning, pull out unnecessary stem climing, and with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion 1000 times and 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder 1000 times mixing liquid irrigating root, prevent wound infection germ;
After Chinese yam emerges one week, in the middle of Liang Hanggou, compound organic and inorganic fertilizer 50 kilograms is imposed before every mu of rain, after the neat seedling of late May Chinese yam, the alveole of wineglass size is pushed aside at the base portion of every strain stem, with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 800 times of liquid, add 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, the 500 times of liquid mixing of 5% jinggangmycin aqua fill with root, every perfusion liquid 50-75 gram, foliation is started during Chinese yam height of seedling 1 meter, the foliation initial stage, 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid are added with 70% thiophanate-methyl, 800 times of liquid, or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion add 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid and spray cauline leaf, prevention anthracnose, white puckery disease and brown spot, added 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid with 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder afterwards every 10-15 days to spray again once, should from cauline leaf top spray to ground during spray medicine, the basic element of cell division 600 times of liquid and Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid can be added when spraying medicine vegetative period at every turn, every strain can increase branch 3, during Chinese yam seedling mid-June climing bottom branch 10 centimetres, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua, 1 500 times of liquid once, promote that new Chinese yam grows, prevent Chinese yam young plant from elongating, shoot and leaf growth contains period management: with the 5000 times of liquid spraying controls of 1.8% Avermectin, early July, spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen potassium and rush fertilising 25 kilograms before every mu of rain, if plant is de-fertile after 20 days, then execute 25 kilograms, if not de-fertile, can add 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by foliage-spray Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid, every 15 days once, mid-July, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua, 1 500 times of liquid, every spray in 10 days once, connect spray 2 times, control the prosperous length of branches and leaves, promote young Chinese yam to be formed and increase thick, formula is: 1. 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder adds 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder 800-1000 times of liquid cauline leaf and sprays, 2. 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion adds 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and sprays,
3. 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder adds 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid and sprays;
4. 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid add 70% Wettable propineb powder 600-800 times liquid and spray; 5. 21% Peracetic acid aqua adds 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate aqua, 500 times of liquid and sprays; 6. 10% Difenoconazole 600-800 times liquid sprays,
More than formula is used alternatingly;
The rapid expanding stage of stem tuber:
(1) anticreep is fertile: from late July, can spray 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid 2-3 time, and before early August rain, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-25 kilogram; (2) disease prevention: continue the pharmaceutical formulation containing phase 1-6 according to shoot and leaf growth, 7-10 days blade face spray medicines are once;
(3) anti-prosperous length: as still having prosperous length after September 10, every mu of use 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 props up 500 times of liquid sprayings once.Finally gather in the crops and preserved.
Claims (1)
1. a method for chamber planting Chinese yam, is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) select potato seed: 25-30 days before sowing, take out potato seed, select block terminal bud full, bright and clean elongated, plant without the Chinese yam of damage by disease and insect, the thick 2-3 of stem rotten without scar, nothing centimetre; (2) cut kind of a sterilization: the potato seed picked out first is cut down Chinese yam young plant, remaining part is cut into Chinese yam cross-talk, and section is stained with 70% ultra micro mancozeb sterilization;
(3) bask seeds: Chinese yam young plant takes airing 20-25 days, the necessary airing 25-30 days of Chinese yam cross-talk, through the potato seed of airing, the inside atrophy of truncation surface;
(4) to apply fertilizer the ditching of whole ground: Chinese yam field is selected on the sunny side, physical features smooth high and dry, subterranean water level is low, soil layer deep fertile, loose ventilative, draining is unobstructed, after choosing field, before ploughing every mu the farmyard manure 5000-6000 executing to become thoroughly decomposed kilogram, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, composite fertilizer 150 kilograms or 20 kilograms, urea, two ammonium 50 kilograms, potassium sulfate 50 kilograms, soya-bean cake 50 kilograms, 2 kilograms, every mu of use 1.1% matrine pulvis mixes soil or chemical fertilizer broadcast application, then soil is ploughed 30 centimetres of rakes broken, subsoiling ditch soil 100-170 centimetre wanted by plantation Chang Mount medicine, and ridging of earthing up on the ditch soil of subsoiling;
(5) begin sowing in good time: by 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of immersion kinds, 5 points of kinds, dry and wait to plant, during sowing, on the rib first trained out in mechanical ditching, the seed furrow of wide, dark each 8-10 centimetre is opened along the direction on ridge, spray along seed furrow with 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder 800-1000 times of liquid or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 1000 times of liquid or 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid, potato seed kept terminal bud direction consistent, lie in seed furrow along the direction of seed furrow, spacing in the rows 25 centimetres, every mu of sowing 2500 strains;
(6) field management: Chinese yam after planting, Chinese yam young plant was emerged at 18-22 days, Chinese yam cross-talk was emerged at 25-35 days, every strain Chinese yam can only retain a sturdy stem, find when emerging that the plant of many stems is pulled out, and with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion 1000 times and 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder 1000 times mixing liquid irrigating root;
After Chinese yam emerges one week, in the middle of Liang Hanggou, compound organic and inorganic fertilizer 50-100 kilogram is imposed before every mu of rain, after the neat seedling of late May Chinese yam, the alveole of wineglass size is pushed aside at the base portion of every strain stem, with 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion, 800 times of liquid, add 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid, the 500 times of liquid mixing of 5% jinggangmycin aqua fill with root, every perfusion liquid 50-75 gram, foliation is started during Chinese yam height of seedling 1-1.5 rice, the foliation initial stage, 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid are added with 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times liquid, or 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion add 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder 800-1000 times of liquid and spray cauline leaf, prevention anthracnose, white puckery disease and brown spot, added 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 1000 times of liquid with 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder afterwards every 10-15 days to spray again once, basic element of cell division 600-800 times liquid and Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid can be added, every strain can increase branch 3-5 bar, during Chinese yam seedling mid-June climing bottom branch 10 centimetres, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 and props up 500 times of liquid once, shoot and leaf growth contains period management: with 1.8% Avermectin 5000-8000 times of liquid spraying control, early July, spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen potassium and rush fertilising 25 kilograms before every mu of rain, if plant is de-fertile after 20 days, then execute 25 kilograms, if not de-fertile, can add 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate by foliage-spray Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid, every 15 days once, mid-July, every mu sprays 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 and props up 500 times of liquid, every spray in 10-15 days once, connect spray 2-3 time, control the prosperous length of branches and leaves, promote young Chinese yam to be formed and increase thick, formula is: 1. 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder adds 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder 800-1000 times of liquid cauline leaf and sprays, 2. 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous emulsion adds 70% ultra micro mancozeb wettable powder, 800 times of liquid and sprays,
3. 70% thiophanate-methyl wetting powder adds 75% tpn, 1000 times of liquid and sprays;
4. 50% chlorobromide isocyanuric acid wetting powder, 800 times of liquid add 70% Wettable propineb powder 600-800 times liquid and spray; 5. 21% Peracetic acid aqua adds 80% S-Ethyl ethylthio sulfonate aqua, 500 times of liquid and sprays; 6. 10% Difenoconazole 600-800 times liquid sprays,
More than formula is used alternatingly;
The rapid expanding stage of stem tuber:
(1) anticreep is fertile: from late July, can spray 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and add Humus Acid Fertilizers 500 times of liquid 2-3 time, and before early August rain, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 15-25 kilogram; (2) disease prevention: continue the pharmaceutical formulation containing phase 1-6 according to shoot and leaf growth, 7-10 days blade face spray medicines are once;
(3) anti-prosperous length: as still having prosperous length after September 10, every mu of use 40% first piperazine chlor-alkali aqua 1-1.5 props up 500 times of liquid sprayings once.
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