CN104488521A - Method for cultivating Helianthus tuberosus by means of interplanting Helianthus tuberosus and oilseed rapes on saline-alkali lands - Google Patents
Method for cultivating Helianthus tuberosus by means of interplanting Helianthus tuberosus and oilseed rapes on saline-alkali lands Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488521A CN104488521A CN201410787168.1A CN201410787168A CN104488521A CN 104488521 A CN104488521 A CN 104488521A CN 201410787168 A CN201410787168 A CN 201410787168A CN 104488521 A CN104488521 A CN 104488521A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating Helianthus tuberosus by means of interplanting the Helianthus tuberosus and oilseed rapes on saline-alkali lands. The method includes interplanting Helianthus tuberosus seed tubers 40-60 days before the oilseed rapes are harvested; harvesting the oilseed rapes in 40-60 days after the Helianthus tuberosus seed tubers are interplanted; applying fertilizers and killing weeds by the aid of weed killers in 70-80 days after the Helianthus tuberosus seed tubers are interplanted; comprehensively digging and cleaning three inner furrows and three outer furrows on each land in 80-90 days after the Helianthus tuberosus seed tubers are interplanted; harvesting the Helianthus tuberosus in 225-250 days after the Helianthus tuberosus seed tubers are interplanted. The method has the advantages that the Helianthus tuberosus seed sowing time can be won on the non-idle lands in winters, accordingly, early germination and fast growth of the Helianthus tuberosus can be promoted, and the lodging resistance can be improved; non-tillage cultivation effects can be realized, the method is beneficial to improving physical and chemical properties of soil of the saline-alkali lands, the fertility of the soil can be improved, and saline-alkali per-mu comprehensive economic output can be increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to and relate to a kind of jerusalem artichoke culture technique, be specifically related to the cultivation method that jerusalem artichoke broadcast by a kind of saline land rape cover.
Background technology
According to UNESCO and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, saline land, whole world area is 9.54 hundred million hectares, accounts for 10% of arable area, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 25% of national arable area.Saline land refers to that those salt contents are high, and pH is greater than 9, is difficult to the soil of growing plant especially crops.According to contained salinity and alkali divide number, also can be further divided into slight (0.1% ~ 0.25%), moderate (0.25% ~ 0.5%) and heavy salinized (0.5% ~ 0.6%).Salinity in salt affected soil is very serious to the injury of the root system of plant, and the root system of plant is subject to after salt poisons, the bad and early ageing of root system development.In alkaline land soil, salinity is many, soil table normal adularescent salt alkali precipitation, ventilation, permeable bad, root system of plant often has poisoning, rotten, the phenomena of mortality, can not be absorbed, cause the negative effect of the low output of high investment even if dropped into a large amount of fertilizer by crops.Saline Land problem and mankind's activity closely related, not only cause the destruction of resource, the massive losses of agricultural production, and biosphere and ecotope constituted a threat to, show the harm of economy and environment two aspect.In addition, salination process often with the association of Desertification Process phase, even mutually promote, mutually transform.The salinization and alkalization of China is general higher, and serious salt affected soil, crops almost can not survive.Plough few for such one of China, populous country, fast Development and effectively utilize salinization soil, economic benefit, environmental protection and sustainable development can be combined well, have important practical significance.
Jerusalem artichoke is the cultivated species that can form underground stem tuber in composite family (Compositae) Helianthus, also known as foreign ginger, Jerusalem artichoke, Jerusalem artichoke etc., formal name used at school Helianthus tuberosus L, in the torrid zone in the whole world, there are distribution and the cultivation of jerusalem artichoke in temperate zone, frigid zone and arid, semiarid zone, jerusalem artichoke strong adaptability, like warm, but cold-resistant; Like moistening, but drought-enduring; Like fertile, but impoverishment tolerant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance.Jerusalem artichoke biological amount fresh weight generally reaches 4 ~ 8 tons/mu, and wherein acrial part output is 2 ~ 3 tons/mu, and underground stem tuber part is 2 ~ 5 tons/mu.Jerusalem artichoke is also used to terraced fields protective plant hedge anticorrosive with unstable sand ground, for protecting massif water and soil loss, fix the sand windproof.Jerusalem artichoke whole body is all precious, and it is the important source material of the industries such as industry, food, health products and beverage.According to surveying and determination, in fresh jerusalem artichoke stem tuber moisture about 80%, all the other are dry matteies, protein 1.0%, raw fiber 16.6%, ash content 2.8% and a certain amount of vitamin.Wherein, 70% ~ 80% of dry matter is carbohydrate, and its Main Ingredients and Appearance is inulin (Inulin).Account for 0.09% containing the amino acid of needed by human in jerusalem artichoke stem tuber, threonine accounts for 0.8%, isoleucine accounts for 0.09%, methionine accounts for 0.09%, tryptophan accounts for 0.24%, histidine accounts for 0.06%, arginine accounts for 0.12%, phenyl alanine accounts for 0.13%.The known plant containing inulin has 36000 kinds in the whole world, and account for about 1/3 of plant total, the content of jerusalem artichoke ranked first, containing 16% ~ 20%.Cane is few containing inulin, accounts for 5.6% of fresh cane weight.Also containing the several kinds of mineral elements such as protein, fat, starch and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron in stem tuber, simultaneously containing vitamin A, B
1, B
2, C etc.Particularly needed by human body 8 kinds " essential amino acids " wanting, jerusalem artichoke just accounts for 6 kinds.In addition, more than 10 are also had to plant other amino acid, containing 8 kinds in jerusalem artichoke in human body.Jerusalem artichoke stem tuber can utilize modern biotechnology to make inulin, fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and superelevation fructose syrup, these are all brand-new, the multi-functional batchings of current health food, it is a kind of dietary fiber of full water-soluble, the MF of Bifidobacterium, has special health care and antitumaous effect simultaneously or in human body intestinal canal.Jerusalem artichoke stem tuber nature and flavor sweet flat, nontoxic, can Li Shui dry and middle beneficial stomach, there is clearing heat and detoxicating effect.It is the good food of the patients such as diabetes, high blood pressure, adiposis.In addition, jerusalem artichoke stem tuber also can carry out alcoholic fermentation, is a kind of emerging potential energy-source plant and economic crops.
Jerusalem artichoke is because of the biological property of its strong, wide adaptability of purposes and Salt And Alkali Tolerance, fertility widely, become the pionner of alkaline land improving, there is vast potential for future development utilizing in the saline and alkaline non-cultivated land resources of China, larger economy, society and ecological benefits can be obtained.Because jerusalem artichoke is generally sowed at 3 ?April, during this, field crops (as winter wheat, rape etc.) is not yet gathered in the crops, if winter idle land, resource is wasted again seriously, if sowing after the results such as winter wheat, rape, weather conditions between sowing time seriously govern seeding quality, and cause jerusalem artichoke to grow uneven, the underproduction is serious.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the deficiency in order to overcome above-mentioned technology, utilize suitable soil moisture content, between the field microclimate of the moistening and natural sunshade of rape, provide a kind of saline land rape cover to broadcast the cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke, effectively reduce labor intensity, save time, improve work efficiency, stable yields, synergy.
A cultivation method for jerusalem artichoke broadcast by saline land rape cover, comprises the following steps:
(1) jerusalem artichoke kind block is broadcast at rape harvesting first 40 ~ 60 days covers;
(2) jerusalem artichoke cover gathers in the crops rape in 40th ~ 60 days after broadcasting;
(3) jerusalem artichoke cover carries out applying fertilizer and use weed killer herbicide weeding after broadcasting for 70th ~ 80 days;
(4) jerusalem artichoke cover broadcasts latter 80th ~ 90 days, inside and outside three ditches of full-face tunneling cleaning;
(5) jerusalem artichoke cover gathers in the crops jerusalem artichoke in 225th ~ 250 days after broadcasting.
Wherein, described saline land plow layer salt content is 3 ‰ ~ 8 ‰.
The cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke broadcast by described saline land rape cover, and jerusalem artichoke kind block preferably carries out cover by 60 ~ 90kg/ mu and broadcasts, and plants block mean size 30 ~ 45g/.
The cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke broadcast by described saline land rape cover, jerusalem artichoke planting density preferably controls at 2100 ~ 2400 plants/acre, before field planting, mu sealing fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium mass ratio are 15:18:12) 32 ~ 45kg, carries out root and covers ridge when stem tuber expands; The ridge height covering ridge preferably 10 ?15cm.
The cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke broadcast by described saline land rape cover, and species of jeruselem artichoke is southern jerusalem artichoke No. 9; This varietal characteristic is salt tolerant, resistance to lean, and high antiviral is sick, pest-resistant, lodging resistance good, and wet resistance is comparatively strong, and stem tuber be irregular knurl shape or spindle, epidermis lilac red, and skin is thin, meat white, quality closely, eye evagination.
Inside and outside three ditches that described saline land rape cover is broadcast in the cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke refer to railway carriage or compartment ditch, Yao Gou, gutter, generally open one-tenth north-south, railway carriage or compartment, and dead furrow will guarantee that draining is unobstructed anyhow, suffer stain evil to avoid rape root.
The theory of institute of the present invention foundation is: (1) makes full use of soil, water, temperature, gas, thermal resource, jerusalem artichoke is generally sowed at 3 ?April, during this, field crops (as winter wheat, rape etc.) is not yet gathered in the crops, if winter idle land, resource is wasted again seriously, if sowing after the results such as winter wheat, rape, the weather conditions between sowing time seriously govern seeding quality, cause the jerusalem artichoke underproduction serious; (2) front 40 ~ 60 days of rape harvesting, the conditions such as surface water, temperature, gas, heat are conducive to that jerusalem artichoke emerges morning, fast tiller; (3) no-tillage soil is conducive to salt affected soil maintenance granular structure, and permeability is good, and preservation capacity of water and fertility is good, is conducive to jerusalem artichoke root growth; (4) soil layer is not destroyed, and weeds emerge neatly, and herbicide effects is good.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, utilize suitable water, fertilizer, gas, heat condition, jerusalem artichoke be planted in Rapeseed Field, Ju Yu ?rape interplanting symbiosis, effectively alleviate the contradictions such as autumn sowing labour, season, crops for rotation.Specifically, advantage of the present invention is: (1) is sowing ahead of time, has striven for the time that jerusalem artichoke is sowed, alleviate labour, season contradiction; (2) facilitating jerusalem artichoke early sends out fast long, and capacity for the resistance to lodging is strong, and the individual harmony of group is good, and high and stable yields property is good; (3) weeds emerge neatly, and herbicide effects is good; (4) no-tillage cultivation, contributes to improving alkaline land soil physicochemical character, increases soil fertility.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1:
2011 ?2012, have carried out in Jiangsu great Feng solonchak the earth agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd proving ground the test that rape interplants southern jerusalem artichoke No. 9.Saline land plow layer (0 ~ 20cm) salt content 3 ‰ ~ 9 ‰, jerusalem artichoke kind block is broadcast at rape harvesting cover on (June 3) first 50 days (April 15), cover gathers in the crops rape on the 50th day after broadcasting, cover carries out applying fertilizer and use weed killer herbicide weeding after broadcasting on the 74th day, cover broadcasts latter 80th day, inside and outside three ditches of full-face tunneling cleaning.Jerusalem artichoke kind block is interplanted by 85kg/ mu, plants block mean size 38g.Every mu of jerusalem artichoke planting density controls in 2230 strains, mu sealing fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 15 ?18 ?12) 40kg before field planting, when stem tuber expands (July 15 was to July 25) carry out root and cover ridge, ridge height 12cm.Species of jeruselem artichoke is southern jerusalem artichoke No. 9, it is characterized by salt tolerant, resistance to lean, and high antiviral is sick, pest-resistant, lodging resistance good, and wet resistance is comparatively strong, and stem tuber be irregular knurl shape or spindle, epidermis lilac red, and skin is thin, meat white, quality closely, eye evagination.Cover is broadcast rear 230th day (November 30) and is gathered in the crops jerusalem artichoke, jerusalem artichoke stem tuber per mu yield 3680kg, rape stubble per mu yield 180kg, mu mixed economy output reaches 5280 yuan (, by 1.2 yuan/kg, rape seed price is by 4.8 yuan/kg for jerusalem artichoke stem tuber price).
Embodiment 2:
2012 ?2013, have carried out in Jiangsu great Feng solonchak the earth agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd proving ground the test that rape interplants southern jerusalem artichoke No. 9 equally.Saline land plow layer (0 ~ 20cm) salt content 4 ‰ ~ 8 ‰, jerusalem artichoke kind block is broadcast at rape harvesting cover on (June 8) first 60 days (April 10), cover gathers in the crops rape on the 60th day after broadcasting, cover carries out applying fertilizer and use weed killer herbicide weeding after broadcasting on the 80th day, cover broadcasts latter 85th day, inside and outside three ditches of full-face tunneling cleaning.Jerusalem artichoke kind block is interplanted by 88kg/ mu, plants block mean size 41g.Every mu of jerusalem artichoke planting density controls in 2150 strains, mu sealing fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are respectively 15 ?18 ?12) 38kg before field planting, when stem tuber expands (July 20 was to August 5) carry out root and cover ridge, ridge height 13cm.Species of jeruselem artichoke is southern jerusalem artichoke No. 9, it is characterized by salt tolerant, resistance to lean, and high antiviral is sick, pest-resistant, lodging resistance good, and wet resistance is comparatively strong, and stem tuber be irregular knurl shape or spindle, epidermis lilac red, and skin is thin, meat white, quality closely, eye evagination.Cover is broadcast rear 240th day (December 5) and is gathered in the crops jerusalem artichoke, jerusalem artichoke stem tuber per mu yield 3450kg, rape stubble per mu yield 171kg, mu mixed economy output reaches 4960 yuan (, by 1.2 yuan/kg, rape seed price is by 4.8 yuan/kg for jerusalem artichoke stem tuber price).
Claims (6)
1. a cultivation method for jerusalem artichoke broadcast by rape cover in saline land, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) jerusalem artichoke kind block is broadcast at rape harvesting first 40 ~ 60 days covers;
(2) jerusalem artichoke cover gathers in the crops rape in 40th ~ 60 days after broadcasting;
(3) jerusalem artichoke cover carries out applying fertilizer and use weed killer herbicide weeding after broadcasting for 70th ~ 80 days;
(4) jerusalem artichoke cover broadcasts latter 80th ~ 90 days, inside and outside three ditches of full-face tunneling cleaning;
(5) jerusalem artichoke cover gathers in the crops jerusalem artichoke in 225th ~ 250 days after broadcasting.
2. the cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke broadcast by saline land according to claim 1 rape cover, it is characterized in that described saline land plow layer salt content is 3 ‰ ~ 8 ‰.
3. the cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke broadcast by saline land according to claim 1 rape cover, it is characterized in that jerusalem artichoke kind block carries out cover by 60 ~ 90kg/ mu and broadcasts, and plants block mean size 30 ~ 45g.
4. the cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke broadcast by saline land according to claim 3 rape cover, it is characterized in that jerusalem artichoke planting density controls at 2100 ~ 2400 plants/acre, and mu sealing fertilizer 32 ~ 45kg before field planting carries out root and covers ridge when stem tuber expands.
5. the cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke broadcast by saline land according to claim 4 rape cover, it is characterized in that the ridge height 10-15cm covering ridge.
6. the cultivation method of jerusalem artichoke broadcast by saline land according to claim 3 rape cover, it is characterized in that species of jeruselem artichoke is southern jerusalem artichoke No. 9.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105103837A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Interplanting method of suaeda glauca bge and oilseed rape in saline-alkali soil |
| CN110089377A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-06 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of jerusalem artichoke introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method |
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| CN101578935A (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-18 | 王彤 | Saline-sodic land reclamation and control method |
| CN102301877A (en) * | 2011-07-07 | 2012-01-04 | 南京农业大学 | Application of Jerusalem artichokes on improving saline and alkaline land |
| CN102356717A (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2012-02-22 | 南京农业大学 | Jerusalem artichoke seeder and plantation method in saline land by using the same |
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- 2014-12-17 CN CN201410787168.1A patent/CN104488521B/en active Active
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105103837A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-12-02 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Interplanting method of suaeda glauca bge and oilseed rape in saline-alkali soil |
| CN110089377A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2019-08-06 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of jerusalem artichoke introduces a fine variety and salt resistance alkali breeding method |
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