CN104473613B - 内窥镜光学***及其制备装置、制备方法 - Google Patents

内窥镜光学***及其制备装置、制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104473613B
CN104473613B CN201410745487.6A CN201410745487A CN104473613B CN 104473613 B CN104473613 B CN 104473613B CN 201410745487 A CN201410745487 A CN 201410745487A CN 104473613 B CN104473613 B CN 104473613B
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赵跃东
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NANJING DONGLILAI PHOTOELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL Co Ltd
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    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B1/06Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0661Endoscope light sources
    • A61B1/0676Endoscope light sources at distal tip of an endoscope
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C45/14336Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14549Coating rod-like, wire-like or belt-like articles

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Abstract

本技术提供一种低成本的内窥镜光学***,它包括塑料光纤和以树脂注塑形成的整体镜头,塑料光纤的一端与镜头同轴并伸入镜头的后端而与镜头形成一体,伸入镜头内的塑料光纤一端的端面与镜头光轴垂直。本技术还提供一种所述内窥镜光学***的制备装置,该制备装置,法兰上固定超出法兰端面的塑料光纤;镜头模具与法兰端面相连,法兰端面把镜头模具上用于注入树脂形成镜头的模腔封闭,与模腔同轴的塑料光纤伸入模腔后端,在与伸入模腔内塑料光纤径向相对的模腔壁上开有供树脂注入的浇口。所述内窥镜光学***的制备方法,是使用上述制备装置,把镜头模具与固定有塑料光纤的法兰端面相连;把树脂从浇口注入模腔后,冷却成型,去掉法兰和镜头模具即可。

Description

内窥镜光学***及其制备装置、制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及内窥镜的光学***,尤其价格低廉的内窥镜的光学***及其制备装置和方法。
背景技术
内窥镜是疾病早期诊断治疗中不可或缺的工具,从现状来看由于内窥镜自身价格高昂、因此通过各种方式进行消毒等反复使用。为了100%的避免感染预防,细致的清洗和消毒等也成为了不可或缺的部分,为此必须配备内窥镜清洗仪等医疗器械。在医疗现场,虽然通过适当的规程实施灭菌消毒作业,但现状是无法进行完全的灭菌。
因此,因为内窥镜的处理工具消毒不充分,通过血液、唾液、消化器官抽取的内容物、组织的附着等引起感染的案例也有报告。
从现状来看,手术刀、注射器等很多的医疗器具为了确保安全,使用后就直接扔掉。但是,参见图1,由于内窥镜必须用极细的成像用石英玻璃制成的光导纤维1与装入镜筒2中,镜筒2中有多个经过研磨的镜片3,而且,光导纤维1的端面11要用专用的研磨加工装置研磨。这种光学***不仅光学元件的制造成本高,组装也需要很高的技术,因此有能力制造内窥镜的生产厂商是有限的并且制造成本非常高昂,所以内窥镜价格很高,医院因而不得不对内窥镜进行反复使用就是现在的实情。
鉴于这种状况、为了保障内窥镜一次使用的高卫生、信赖性和安全性、就必须寻求低成本的内窥镜光学***的开发。
发明内容
本技术的目的是提供一种低成本的内窥镜光学***。
本技术的内窥镜光学***,它包括塑料光纤和以树脂注塑形成的整体镜头,塑料光纤的一端与所述镜头同轴并伸入镜头的后端而与镜头形成一体,伸入镜头内的塑料光纤一端的端面与镜头光轴垂直。
上述的低成本内窥镜光学***,所述树脂是硅树脂。在一般的成型镜片中使用的是丙烯酸树脂、聚碳酸酯或环烯系类的树脂,但这些树脂的微结构转录性未必充分,也不具备与生物体适合性与接合性,普遍认为使用像这样的普通树脂来制造内窥镜用的尺寸很小的一体成型性镜片是非常困难的。硅树脂由于粘度低因而微结构的转录性很好,相对于普通的树脂适于制造微小零件,而且硅树脂与生物体适合性与接合性很好。
上述的内窥镜光学***,所述塑料光纤同时作为照明光纤和成像光纤(照明与成像使用同一根光纤),光纤端部设置把照明光路与成像光路分隔的分光束器件。很多情况下普通的内窥镜光纤数量充裕,能够独立的拥有照明光纤。因此照明条件相对的自由度比较高。但是,为了进一步降低成本,本专利中的光纤的数量是有限的,因而很难确保照明专用的光纤。所以,本专利所述照明***和成像***必须通过同轴光纤,光纤端部设置把照明光路与成像光路分隔的分光束器件。照明光不会进入成像光路中,因此不会影响成像对比度。
上述的内窥镜光学***,它还用于对光纤进行照明的非对称光栏反射式照明***。为了保证内窥镜的机能,下流测的光学***是必要的。在下流侧光学***中内置反射式照明***,在反射式照明***中设置非对称光栏能够改变照明状态,对视认性的改善起到很大作用。
本技术未再使用传统的研磨镜片,而是采用以树脂注塑形成的整体镜头;同时本技术也未再使用石英玻璃制成的光导纤维,而是采用塑料光纤进行照明和传送信息。这些都极大的降低了低成本内窥镜光学***的成本,使得内窥镜的一次性使用成为可能。
本技术同时提供了一种结构简单、使用方便的内窥镜光学***的制备装置,以该制备装置制备的内窥镜光学***成本低,而且能够保证其质量。
本技术所述的内窥镜光学***的制备装置,法兰上固定超出法兰端面的塑料光纤;镜头模具与法兰端面相连,法兰端面把镜头模具上用于注入树脂形成镜头的模腔封闭,与模腔同轴的塑料光纤伸入模腔后端,在与伸入模腔内塑料光纤径向相对的模腔壁上开有供树脂注入的浇口。
上述的内窥镜光学***的制备装置,浇口有多个,塑料光纤轴线对称。
本技术所述的内窥镜光学***的制备装置的有益效果:法兰上固定塑料纤维,对塑料纤维起到了定位作用,防止了塑料纤维的移动。本制备装置中,把浇口开在与塑料光纤径向相对的模腔壁上,这样,注塑件(整体镜头)上的冒口就会环绕在塑料光纤的四周,当去除冒口而造成注塑件表面有损伤时,不会镜头的成像质量造成影响。
本技术还提供了一种操作简单,且能够保证制备出的内窥镜光学***质量的内窥镜光学***的制备方法。
本技术的内窥镜光学***的制备方法,使用上述的制备装置,把镜头模具与固定有塑料光纤的法兰端面相连;把树脂从浇口注入模腔后,冷却成型,去掉法兰和镜头模具即可。
上述的内窥镜光学***的制备方法,在镜头模具与固定有塑料光纤的法兰端面相连之前有如下步骤:把固定板与法兰端面接触并固定,超出法兰端面的塑料光纤伸入到固定板上所开的与塑料光纤外径相等的孔内,然后对固定板的端面进行切削,使得塑料光纤的端面也被切削。
本技术所述的内窥镜光学***的制备方法的有益效果:常用的成像用的光纤一般使用石英玻璃等制造的,其端面是用专用的研磨加工装置研磨的。但是本专利中,因通信用光纤是塑料系列的材料制作的塑料光纤,不能适应以往的研磨方式加工。因此,本技术采用了特殊的超精密加工方法来加工塑料光纤的端面,即事先用与法兰固定的固定板来等定位、固定塑料光纤,然后对固定板的端面进行切削,使得被固定的状态下的塑料光纤的端面也被精密切削,提高了塑料光纤端面的光洁度,并且加工效率高。
附图说明
图1是现有的内窥镜光学***示意图;
图2是本技术的内窥镜光学***示意图;
图3是内窥镜的照明和成像光路图;
图4是内窥镜光学***的制备装置示意图;
图5是固定板与端面未被铣削的法兰等相连的示意图;
图6是固定板与端面被铣削后的法兰等相连的示意图;
图7是注塑后的内窥镜光学***的制备装置示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:内窥镜光学***
参见图2所示的内窥镜光学***,它包括塑料光纤1和以树脂注塑形成的整体镜头2,塑料光纤的左端与所述镜头同轴并伸入镜头的后端而与镜头形成一体,伸入镜头内的塑料光纤左端的端面11与镜头光轴垂直。
所示树脂可以是聚烷基有机硅树脂(如聚甲基硅树脂、聚乙基硅树脂)、聚芳基有机硅树脂或者聚烷基芳基有机硅树脂(如聚甲基苯基有机硅树脂、聚乙基苯基有机硅树脂)。塑料光纤(POF)是由高透明聚合物如聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)或聚碳酸酯(PC)作为芯层材料,PMMA或氟塑料等作为皮层材料的一类光纤(光导纤维),属于现有技术。
在光纤末端的下流侧光学***中内置反射式照明***7,与成像用光纤在同一路径上进行照明。在反射式照明***中设置非对称光栏能够改变照明状态,对视认性的改善起到很大作用。参见图3,反射式照明***7发出的光经过分光束器件9的进入光纤,再经整体镜头2射出照明被摄对象8,被摄对象8反射的光经整体镜头2成像后进入光纤,再经分光束器件9到达感光元件10。
实施例2:内窥镜光学***的制备装置
参见图4所示的内窥镜光学***的制备装置,法兰3上固定超出法兰端面的塑料光纤1;镜头模具5与法兰端面31相连,法兰端面把镜头模具5上用于注入树脂形成镜头的模腔51封闭,与模腔同轴的塑料光纤1伸入模腔后端,在与伸入模腔内塑料光纤径向相对的模腔壁上开有两个供树脂注入的浇口52。两个浇口以塑料光纤轴线对称。
实施例3:内窥镜光学***的制备方法
采用实施例2所述的制备装置。先把塑料光纤1固定在法兰3的中心,参见图5,超出法兰端面的塑料光纤伸入到固定板6上所开的与塑料光纤外径相等的孔61内,把固定板6与法兰端面31接触并固定,然后以铣床对固定板的端面62进行铣削,当然,塑料光纤的端面也被铣削,参见图6,然后拆下固定板。再把固定有塑料光纤1的法兰3与镜头模具5固定相连,参见图7,法兰端面31把模腔51封闭,塑料光纤1伸入模腔51后端。把硅树脂从浇口注入模腔后,冷却成型形成整体镜头2。再去掉法兰3和镜头模具5,得到与塑料光纤形成一体的整体镜头2,然后去掉因浇口形成的冒口4即可。

Claims (4)

1.内窥镜光学***的制备装置,所述内窥镜光学***包括塑料光纤和以树脂注塑形成的整体镜头,塑料光纤的一端与所述镜头同轴并伸入镜头的后端而与镜头形成一体,伸入镜头内的塑料光纤一端的端面与镜头光轴垂直;其特征是:所述内窥镜光学***的制备装置是在法兰上固定超出法兰端面的塑料光纤;镜头模具与法兰端面相连,法兰端面把镜头模具上用于注入树脂形成镜头的模腔封闭,与模腔同轴的塑料光纤伸入模腔后端,在与伸入模腔内塑料光纤径向相对的模腔壁上开有供树脂注入的浇口;所述树脂是硅树脂。
2.如权利要求1所述的内窥镜光学***的制备装置,其特征是:浇口有多个,塑料光纤轴线对称。
3.内窥镜光学***的制备方法,其特征是:使用权利要求1或2所述的制备装置,把镜头模具与固定有塑料光纤的法兰端面相连;把树脂从浇口注入模腔后,冷却成型,去掉法兰和镜头模具即可。
4.如权利要求3所述的内窥镜光学***的制备方法,其特征是:在镜头模具与固定有塑料光纤的法兰端面相连之前有如下步骤:把固定板与法兰端面接触并固定,超出法兰端面的塑料光纤伸入到固定板上所开的与塑料光纤外径相等的孔内,然后对固定板的端面进行切削,使得塑料光纤的端面也被切削。
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