CN104459797B - Method for recognizing and collecting microseism events in well - Google Patents
Method for recognizing and collecting microseism events in well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for recognizing and collecting microseism events in a well and belongs to the field of microseism monitoring. The method comprises the steps that (1) orientation rotation is conducted on each receiving point recorded in the even monitoring process; (2) for records obtained after rotation is conducted, a characteristic function value CFs of each receiving point at each moment is calculated; (3) an event superposition energy function L(t) is calculated through a time difference scanning technique; (4) the seism starting time ti of events is automatically detected through self-adaptive threshold values; (5) the peak value time of S waves of a set of events is collected and checked, and the jumping time of the S waves is collected and checked; (6) for each receiving point, a characteristic function value CFp is calculated for each time point within a fixed time interval Tspmax before the jumping time of the determined set of S waves; (7) the peak value time of each receiving point of P waves of the set of events is collected and checked, and the jumping time of the P waves is collected and checked.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to micro-seismic monitoring field, and in particular to a kind of method of borehole microseismic event recognition and pickup.
Background technology
With being further exacerbated by for petroleum resources supply and demand tight relationship, petroleum exploration domain will increase oil and gas production
Sight has turned to tight sand and shale.The tight sand and shale petroleum resources of China's abundant will become following petroleum resources
Mainstay.But the exploitation of tight sand and shale petroleum resources depends on hydraulic fracturing technology, the purpose of hydraulic fracturing be for
By pressure change earth formation, it is allowed to be formed with the crack beneficial to oil-gas migration, during crack produces, along with micro-
Seismic events.Micro-seismic monitoring can be that the design of hydraulic fracturing and fracturing effect provide foundation, and then to improve oil gas harvesting
Rate is serviced.
In well, three-component micro-seismic monitoring is one of major way of current hydraulic fracturing micro-seismic monitoring.It is usually
By three-component geophone group is placed in well, carry out the micro-seismic event produced in continuous monitoring fracturing process.Microseism is supervised
The characteristics of survey is：1. it is long to monitor the time, more than the several hours of general continuous monitoring；2. event density is big, and once monitoring can be examined
Measure hundreds of event；3. event signal is weak, and to-noise ratio is low；4. event seismic phase type is complicated, and existing P ripples also have S ripples etc..
Therefore, there is working strength greatly in method currently manually to recognize as primary means and pick up micro-seismic event, weak
Picking up signal is inaccurate, and P ripple S ripple seismic phases are difficult the problem for judging, and say in efficiency, it is impossible to carry for hydraulic pressure in real time
For foundation.For automatic identification and the pickup of micro-seismic event, current method, although recognize and picked up partial event, but
It is the seismic phase for not judging event, also not to the P ripples and S ripples event from same focus to effectively being matched, this is one
Determine to cause difficulty to the subsequent treatment of micro-seismic monitoring in degree.
In sum, to there is the event monitoring time long for current micro-seismic monitoring, and event number is big, and signal is weak, manually enters
Row event recognition and pickup inefficiency, it is impossible to the problem of real-time monitoring.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve a difficult problem present in above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of borehole microseismic event is known
Not and pickup method, for the micro-seismic event that three-component geophone in well is received, construct new S ripples and P ripples respectively
Characteristic function, is devised new S ripples and is recognized with P ripples and pick-up method, improve what is event effectively recognized and is picked up
Efficiency and accuracy rate.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of borehole microseismic event recognition and the method for pickup, the method comprising the steps of：
(1) orientation rotation is carried out to each receiving point of event monitoring record, makes X-component and due east E to coincidence, Y divides
, to coincidence, Z component is vertical for amount and positive north N；
(2) to postrotational record, calculate characteristic function value CFs at each receiving point each moment；
(3) event stack power function L (t) is calculated by moveout scan technology；
(4) by a shake time t of adaptive threshold automatic detection outgoing eventi；
(5) the S crest value times of one group of event are picked up and the S crest value times are checked；Pickup S ripples take-off time simultaneously checks S
Ripple take-off time；
(6) fixed time interval for each receiving point, before one group of S ripple take-off time having determined
TspmaxIt is interior that characteristic function value CFp is calculated to each time point；
(7) pick up each receiving point time to peak of the P ripples of one group of event and check the P crest value times；Pickup P ripple take-offs
Time simultaneously checks P ripple take-off times；
(8) P ripples, the S ripple match conditions of one group of event having picked up are checked, if ineligible, the event is rejected；
The true and false situation of one group of event that inspection has picked up, if ineligible, rejects the event；
(9) judge whether that all events are all picked up to complete, if it is not, then return to step (5), if it is, output is all
The peak time and take-off time of qualified S ripples and P ripples, terminates pick process.
The step (1) includes：
(11) three components for setting three-component geophone record are x', y', z' respectively, first with formula (1) by cymoscope
Choose to install under UVW coordinate systems：
Here θ represents the angle of u and x'；
(12) rotation u, v, w to ENZ rectangular coordinate system are continued using formula (2)：
(e in formula1,f1,g1), (e2,f2,g2), (e3,f3,g3) it is direction of tri- axles of UVW in ENZ coordinate systems respectively
Cosine；
WhereinΔx1, Δ y1, Δ
z1Increment of coordinate of the adjacent cymoscope in ENZ coordinate systems, by UVW orthogonality relation and derive：
(13) cymoscope is threaded in the rectangular coordinate system that shooting point and receiving point line direction are constituted using formula (3),
If postrotational three vectors are (ax,ay,az), wherein axFor the horizontal direction of the cautious line of big gun, ayIt is perpendicular to axIt is another
Trunnion axis, azVertical is downward：
Make Δ x2=xr-xs, Δ y2=yr-ys, Δ z2=zr-zs；Wherein (xs,ys,zs) and
(xr,yr,zr) coordinate of shooting point and receiving point in ENZ coordinate systems is represented respectively；Then b21=
b12, b22=-b11；
(14) continue rotating vector (a using formula (4)x,ay,az), make axWith due east E to coincidence, ayWith positive north N to weight
Close, azIt is still vertical downward；
Wherein β is axWith the angle of E, cos β=Δ x2/d2, sin β=Δ y2/d2。
(15) method for carrying out angle scanning by the component direct P ripple to perforation data tries to achieve cymoscope horizontal azimuth：When
Postrotational component axWith ayThe maximum angle, θ of energy difference be required azimuth：
Wherein, k is sampling period, and n1 and n2 is respectively the arrival time and wave rear time corresponding sampled point of component direct P ripple
Number.
What the step (2) was realized in：
(21) in a sliding window (number of samples is N, when window size for ripple a cycle), for postrotational X,
Y, Z these three components, build its covariance matrix：
(this matrix is existing, and the solution of its eigenvalue and characteristic vector is also basic mathematical method)
In formula, ∑ isWherein Asked by covariance matrix and obtain three eigenvalue λs1, λ2, λ3And corresponding to eigenvalue
Three stack features vector, wherein λ1>λ2>λ3, eigenvalue of maximum λ1Corresponding characteristic vector is V1 (vx,vy,vz)；
(22) using with the eigenvalue of maximum λ 1 and its corresponding characteristic vector V1 (v of covariance matrixx,vy,vz), and
Perforation grid bearing vector S (sx,sy,sz) construction S wave characteristic functions：
Wherein：S(sx,sy,sz)=(xs-xr,ys-yr,zs-zr)
Then the feature letter at each receiving point each moment is calculated using formula (6) to postrotational record (X, Y, Z)
Numerical value CFs.
What the step (3) was realized in：
Maximum stack energy L (t) at each moment is calculated using formula (8):
In formula (8), τjIt is the time shift amount of j-th cymoscope, this time shift amount can be near shooting point three
On dimension grid, the dynamic(al) correction time difference of the focus to receiving point on each grid node is calculated by scanning, selection makes L (t) maximums
One group of time difference value, as time shift amount τ at current timej, and the grid node locations for making L (t) maximum are exactly the position of doubtful focus
Put, corresponding moment ti(i refers to i-th group of event), is exactly a shake time of doubtful focus.
The step (4) includes：
(41) Hilbert transform is carried out to L (t), envelope H (t) of L (t) is calculated；
(42) expected value E (t) and standard variance δ (t) at each moment envelope H (t) in a sliding window, are calculated；
(43) calculating of adaptive threshold is carried out using formula (9)：
Ht (t)=E (t- τ)+α δ (t- τ) (9)
In formula (9), τ is time delay, to adjust because the threshold value that first arrival causes changes too early.α is standard variance
Weight coefficient.
(44) in regular time length TeventIt is interior, maximum L of L (t) values more than Ht (t) will be metmax(t) conduct
Event in the detection window, correspondence time tiIt is exactly that event rises the shake time, i=1,2,3...K, K are the events for detecting
Number, the TeventMore than the maximum time difference of S-P ripples；The length of the detection window is time span Tevent。
Pickup S crest value times in the step (5) simultaneously check what the S crest value times were realized in：
The pickup S crest value times：The S crest value times refer to the ceiling capacity corresponding time of event, and step (4) is examined
The a certain event measured, to each receiving point, with ti-τjMoment is the receiving point time to peak searching window midpoint, at this
The maximum of search CFs in window, its correspondence time is exactly time to peak t of the event in the receiving points0；tiIt is step (4) detection
I-th group of event rise the shake time, τjIt is the time shift amount of the jth cymoscope calculated in step (3)；
Check the S crest value times：With parabolic equation fitting time to peak time curve, (fitting of parabola is discrete points
According to a kind of basic approximating method, here be with pickup time to peak be fitted a second-degree parabola equation Tfiti=axi 2+
bxi+ c, xiTo receive period, TfitiFor the time of fitting), (difference match value and actual value between beyond the mark for error
It is worth for error e rr=| Tfit-Tpick |, Tpick is actual pickup value, wherein the boundary value of err is generally several sampled points
Time, this value are determined by picking up effect test according to practically necessary error precision) time to peak value, with throwing
The theoretical peak time Tfit of thing line fittingiFor when window midpoint, reduce search window, again pick up CFs maximum, i.e., weight
In the search window of new settings, the maximum of CFs is found out；
Pickup S ripples take-off time in the step (5) simultaneously checks what S ripple take-off times were realized in：
Pickup S ripple take-off times：S ripple take-off times refer to the first arrival ski-jump corresponding time of event；At the peak of event
After the value time determines, with time to peak ts0For in the take-off time detection window at midpoint, respectively two slips length in short-term
Window calculate CFs meansigma methodss STA and LTA, then by the use of STA/LTA maximum as S ripples take-off time ts；STA/LTA
Window can not be overlapped, while in order to eliminate insecure time pickup, the ratio of STA/LTA is provided with minimum threshold；
Check S ripple take-off times：With fitting of parabola take-off time time curve, during take-off beyond the mark for error
Between be worth, with the theoretical take-off time Tfit with fitting of parabolaiFor when window midpoint, reduce search window, reset an office
The STA/LTA threshold values in portion, pick up again the maximum of STA/LTA, i.e., in the search window for resetting, find out again STA/
The maximum of LTA.
What the step (6) was realized in：
For a receiving point, fixed time interval T before a S ripple take-off time having determinedspmax(its
Size and the T with step (44)eventIn together), using the polarization vector P (p for having been detected as a S ripplex,py,pz)(P(px,
py,pz) be the covariance matrix of the S crest value time points of pickup in step (5) eigenvalue of maximum character pair vector,
V1 (the v of the S crest value times for being calculated by step (22)x,vy,vz)), and the covariance matrix at time point to be calculated
Eigenvalue of maximum λ1With character pair vector V1 (vx,vy,vz) construction P wave characteristic functions：
Then CFp is calculated to each time point of each receiving point using formula (7).
Pickup P crest value times in the step (7) simultaneously check what the P crest value times were realized in:
The pickup P crest value times：In whole time interval TspmaxIt is interior, the maximum of CFp is searched for, its corresponding time is exactly
Time to peak t of the P ripples in the receiving pointp0；The TspmaxMore than or equal to the maximum time difference of P, S ripple in record；
Check the P crest value times：It is similar with S crest value time checks method, with during fitting of parabola time to peak away from song
Line, for error exceed certain boundary time to peak value, be fitted time as when window midpoint, reduce search window, again
Pickup；
Pickup P ripples take-off time in the step (7) simultaneously checks what P ripple take-off times were realized in；
Pickup P ripple take-off times：After the time to peak of P ripples determines, with time to peak tp0For the take-off time at midpoint
In detection window, the long short time-window in two slips calculates the meansigma methodss of CFp, STA and LTA, then using STA/LTA's respectively
Take-off time t of the maximum as P ripplesp；The STA/LTA windows can not overlap that (STA and LTA windows are chosen so that, false
If it is point to be calculated that length time window length is respectively Ll and Ls, i, then the calculation window of LTA is [i-Ll, i], the calculating of STA
Window is (i, i+Ls]), while the ratio of STA/LTA arranges minimum threshold；
Check P ripple take-off times：It is similar with S ripple take-off times inspection method, with during fitting of parabola take-off time away from song
Line, for error exceed certain boundary take-off time value, be fitted time as when window midpoint, reduce search window, again
The STA/LTA threshold values of one local are set, the maximum of STA/LTA is picked up again.
What the step (8) was realized in：
Ineligible P ripple take-off times can be checked by formula (10)：
|(ts-tp)-ts(α-β)/β|≤ε (10)
In formula (10), α and β is the average speed of the P ripples and S ripples near cymoscope respectively.For release rate error
The inspection for causing is inaccurate, time difference range ε of setting, for the event for being unsatisfactory for formula (10) is rejected, i.e.,
The event result of pickup does not retain, and deletes；
Tired out with the error of the time to peak or take-off time of pickup by the parabola that time to peak or take-off time are fitted
Count to judge, if the value of deviation accumulation is greater than boundary value, then it is assumed that the event is false, and the event is rejected；
The deviation accumulation is calculated as follows：
Assume M cymoscope, the time (time to peak or take-off time of P ripples or S ripples) of pickup is Tpickj, accordingly
The time of fitting is Tfitj, j=1,2,3...M, then cumulative errors
The boundary value is M*err, and err is that picking error checks boundary.
What the step (10) was realized in：
If the event detected in step (4), is also not picked up, then return to step (5) subsequent pick-up, if not needing
Pick up again, then export the S ripples and the time to peak and take-off time of P ripples of all conditions for meeting step (8) and step (9),
Terminate pick process.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1. the characteristic function of improved S ripples, has suppressed the energy of P ripples, effectively eliminates the interference of P ripples, enhances to S ripple things
The reliability of part identification；
2. moveout scan technology strengthens the energy in-phase stacking of real event part, and the energy supposition of non-real event is offset, prominent
Event energy, increased the accuracy of event recognition.
3. the characteristic function of improved P ripples, enhances the energy of the P ripple homologous with specified S ripples, and other events or shake
The energy of the ripple of phase is pressed such that it is able to effectively recognizes P ripples, and matches with the S ripples from same focus；
4. the application of adaptive threshold, further increases the automaticity of method, reduces anthropic factor and event is known
Other impact；
5. special event recognition flow process, effectively identifies the presence of event, and the seismic phase of event has picked up walking for event
When, and the event from same focus is correctly matched.
6. the method based on energy ratio between the long window and the short window can effectively resist impact of the noise to event take-off time, more accurately
Pickup take-off time.
7. effective event detection methods, can correct irrational event pickup, and can reject the incorrect event of identification.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that three-component geophone places schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is cymoscope horizontal component orientation rotation schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is X-component record.
Fig. 4 is Y-component record.
Fig. 5 is Z component record.
Fig. 6-1 is the X-component record before direction rotates.
Fig. 6-2 is the postrotational X-component record in direction.
Fig. 7-1 is the Y-component record before direction rotates.
Fig. 7-2 is the postrotational Y-component record in direction.
Fig. 8-1 is the Z component record before direction rotates.
Fig. 8-2 is the postrotational Z component record in direction.
Fig. 9 is event stack power.
Figure 10 is the micro-seismic event detected by adaptive threshold.
Figure 11-1 is the characteristic function value of S ripple events.
Figure 11-2 is the characteristic function value of P ripple events.
Figure 12-1 is the energy ratio between the long window and the short window of S ripple events.
Figure 12-2 is the energy ratio between the long window and the short window of P ripple events.
Figure 13 is record and characteristic function value and energy ratio between the long window and the short window at a certain receiving point.
Figure 14 is the amplification to Figure 13 boxed areas.
Figure 15 is 1 take-off time of event pickup result.
Figure 16 is 2 take-off time of event pickup result.
Figure 17 is 3 take-off time of event pickup result.
Figure 18 is 4 take-off time of event pickup result.
Figure 19 is 5 take-off time of event pickup result.
The step of Figure 20 is the inventive method block diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail：
The micro-seismic event P ripple and S ripples that the present invention is monitored using three-component geophone in well occurs in pairs, and S wave energy
Amount is relatively strong, and P wave energies are weak, the characteristics of polarization direction is mutually orthogonal, constructs the characteristic function of new S ripples and P ripples, has invented one
The detection of kind of micro-seismic event, seismic phase identification, event pickup, and the method for event pairing, are the subsequent treatment such as microseism positioning
Parameter when accurate event is walked is provided.
The identification of the micro-seismic event that three-component geophone is received in well according to the present invention, here with three-component geophone
Content as a example by signal to being related in the present invention is described, for other multi -components cymoscopes are easy to promote：
(1) calculating of covariance matrix and its eigenvalue and characteristic vector
The number of samples of signal is N in the sliding window, for X, tri- components of Y, Z, when window in mathematic expectaion point
It is not：
Now, covariance matrix (matrix is existing) can just be write as：
In formula, ∑ is
Can be in the hope of to three eigenvalue λs by covariance matrix1, λ2, λ3(wherein λ1>λ2>λ3), and correspond to eigenvalue
Three stack features vector, wherein eigenvalue of maximum λ1Corresponding characteristic vector is V1 (vx,vy,vz)。λ1It is regarded as wave polarization
Main energy size, V1 (vx,vy,vz) it is regarded as the main polarization direction of ripple.So by the eigenvalue and feature of covariance matrix
Vector can just represent ripple Energy distribution in space and particle movement direction.
(2) geophone orientation rotation
Fig. 1 is the placement schematic diagram of three-component geophone in well.Generally, two levels of three-component geophone point
The axial direction of amount (x', y') is random, and in the case of inclined shaft, vertical component (z') has certain angle as well track.
This method must be axially consistent to cymoscope spin orientation, the horizontal component in Shi Ge roads before event recognition, and vertical component is vertical.
Lower Fig. 1 and 2 is introduced first, in Fig. 1, ENZ is geographic coordinate system, u, v, and w is three coordinate axess of rectangular coordinate system UVW,
Wherein w and z' overlaps, and in same level, u is the intersection of x'y' planes and EN planes to uv and x'y', and v is in x'y' planes
The one-component vertical with u.ax, ay, azIt is three orthogonal components in ENZ coordinate systems, wherein axIt is shooting point position S
With receiving point position R lines EN planes projection, ayIt is in EN planes and axVertical component, azIt is consistent with Z axis.θ be x' and
The angle of u, β are axWith the angle of E axles.Fig. 2 is the x' in Fig. 1, the signal again of y', u, v place plane.X', y' component side
To being random and be mutually perpendicular to.U, v are also to be mutually perpendicular to).
The method and step of three-component geophone orientation rotation is presented herein below.
1. Fig. 1 is combined, if three components of three-component geophone record are x' respectively, y', z'(z' direction is along well track).
Cymoscope is chosen to install under UVW coordinate systems with formula (1) first：
2. rotation u, v, w to ENZ rectangular coordinate system are continued using formula (2).
(e in formula1,f1,g1), (e2,f2,g2), (e3,f3,g3) it is direction of tri- axles of UVW in ENZ coordinate systems respectively
Cosine.WhereinΔx1, Δ y1, Δ z1It is
Increment of coordinate of the adjacent cymoscope in ENZ coordinate systems.By UVW orthogonality relation and derive：
3. cymoscope is threaded to into the rectangular coordinate system that shooting point and receiving point line direction are constituted followed by formula (3)
In, if postrotational three vectors are (ax,ay,az), wherein axFor the horizontal direction of the cautious line of big gun, ayIt is perpendicular to axIt is another
One trunnion axis, azVertical is downward.
Make Δ x2=xr-xs, Δ y2=yr-ys, Δ z2=zr-zs；Wherein (xs,ys,zs) and
(xr,yr,zr) coordinate of shot point and receiving point in ENZ coordinate systems is represented respectively.Thenb21=
b12, b22=-b11。
4. continue rotating vector (a using formula (4)x,ay,az), make axWith due east E to coincidence, ayWith positive north N to coincidence,
azIt is still vertical downward；
Wherein cos β=Δ x2/d2, sin β=Δ y2/d2。
5. the calculating of cymoscope horizontal azimuth θ can carry out the side of angle scanning by the component direct P ripple to perforation data
What method was asked.As postrotational component axWith ayThe maximum angle, θ of energy difference be required azimuth.I.e.：
Wherein, k is sampling period, and n1 and n2 is respectively the arrival time and wave rear time corresponding sampled point of component direct P ripple
Number.
(3) S wave characteristics function
As micro-seismic event is typically all near shooting point, and the polarization direction of S ripples is regarded as sitting perpendicular to perforation
Mark position vector S (sx,sy,sz), wherein sx=xs-x,,sy=ys-yr,sz=zs-zr, the polarization direction of P ripples is to be approximately parallel to
S(sx,sy,sz), so as to utilize the eigenvalue of maximum λ 1 and character pair vector V1 (v with covariance matrixx,vy,vz), and S
(sx,sy,sz) construction S wave characteristic functions, it is constructed such that characteristic function is the identification of S ripples to be caused in order to suppress the resonance energy of P ripples
Interference.Its constructed fuction is：
(4) P wave characteristics function
From the P ripples and S wave polarizations direction near normal of same focus, using the polarization for having been detected as a S ripple
Vectorial P (px,py,pz), that is, the eigenvalue of maximum correspondence of the covariance matrix of have picked up a S crest value time points
Characteristic vector；And the eigenvalue of maximum λ 1 and character pair vector V1 (v of the covariance matrix at point to be calculatedx,vy,vz) structure
Make P wave characteristic functions, such characteristic function can suppress the energy of the energy of S ripples and the P ripples of other focus, to recognize and
Pick up the P ripples from same focus.Its constructed fuction is：
(5) the moveout scan superposition of event energy
Generally, in well, the energy of three-component S ripples is stronger, and S ripples and P ripples all occur in pairs, and P ripples are prior to S ripples
Reach, by detecting S ripples come the presence of detecting event.Comprise the following steps that：
1. each receiving point, the S wave characteristic functional value CFs at each moment are calculated using formula (6).
2. maximum stack energy L (t) at each moment is calculated, wherein
τjIt is the time shift amount of j-th cymoscope.This time shift amount can be led on a three-dimensional grid near shooting point
Overscanning calculates the dynamic(al) correction time difference of the focus to receiving point on each grid node, and selection makes one group of maximum time difference value of L (t),
As time shift amount τ at current timej, and the grid node locations for making L (t) maximum are exactly the position of doubtful focus, when corresponding
Carve ti(i refers to i-th group of event), is exactly a shake time of doubtful focus.
(6) identification of event
It is calculated after event stack power value L (t) using formula (8), calculates an adaptive threshold value, if certain is for the moment
L (t) values at quarter are more than threshold value, then it is assumed that event appearance is carved with this.Comprise the following steps that：
1. Hilbert transform is carried out to L (t), envelope H (t) of L (t) is calculated, wherein：
HereIt is the Hilbert transform of L (t), * is convolution symbol.
Hilbert transform and the calculating of its envelope are a kind of known normal signal analysis methods, and formula used is such as
Under：
It is the Hilbert transform of L (t), * is convolution symbol.
2. expected value E (t) and standard variance δ at each moment envelope H (t) in a sliding window, are calculated
(t), wherein：
3. the calculating of adaptive threshold
Ht (t)=E (t- τ)+α δ (t- τ) (9)
Wherein τ is time delay (τ-value typically being advisable with the half period of S ripples), to adjust the threshold caused because of first arrival
Value changes too early, τ-value typically being advisable with a cycle of S ripples.α is the weight coefficient of standard variance, and α is empirical value, its size
Need to determine by available accuracy, specifically can be determined by recognition effect test, typically between 0.5～2.
4. in regular time length Tevent(TeventLength be greater than in whole microseismograms, maximum one group
The time difference of S ripples and P ripples (from a focus)) in, maximum L of L (t) values more than Ht (t) will be metmaxT () is as the inspection
(" detection window " just refers to time span T to survey windowevent) in event, correspondence time tiIt is exactly that event plays shake time, i=
1,2,3...K, K are the event numbers for detecting.In order to avoid P ripples being treated as the S ripples of other events, TeventIt is micro- more than whole
In shake record, the time difference of one group of maximum S ripple and P ripples (from a focus).
(7) pickup of S ripples ripple group time
1. the pickup of time to peak
Time to peak refers to the ceiling capacity corresponding time of event.For a certain thing that embodiment (6) is detected
Part, to each receiving point, with t- τj(t be the event that embodiment (6) is detected rise the shake time, τjIt is in embodiment (5)
The time shift amount of the jth cymoscope of calculating) moment is time to peak searching window midpoint, searches for CFs at this in window
The maximum correspondence time is exactly time to peak t of the event in the receiving points0。
2. the pickup of take-off time
Take-off time refers to the first arrival ski-jump corresponding time of event.After the time to peak of event determines, in Yi Feng
Value time ts0For, in the take-off time detection window at midpoint, the long short time-window in two slips calculates the meansigma methodss of CFs respectively,
STA and LTA, then by the use of STA/LTA maximum as S ripples take-off time ts.In order to keep high sensitivity, STA/LTA
Window can not overlap that (STA and LTA windows are chosen so that, it is assumed that it is to calculate that long and short time window length is respectively Ll and Ls, i
Point, then the calculation window of LTA is [i-Ll, i], and the calculation window of STA is (i, i+Ls]), while insecure in order to eliminate
Time picks up, and the ratio of STA/LTA is provided with minimum threshold, and (minimum threshold of STA/LTA is an empirical value, be according to data
To-noise ratio by pick up effect test determine, wherein to-noise ratio is higher, and threshold value is less, otherwise threshold value is bigger), this threshold value is
By picking up effect test, one empirical value, will determine that wherein to-noise ratio is higher, and threshold value is less, instead according to the to-noise ratio of data
Threshold value it is bigger.
(8) pickup of P ripples ripple group time
The search of P is fixed time interval T before a S ripple take-off time having determinedspmax(size is with real
Apply the T in mode (6)event) in carry out.It is determined by searching for the P ripples vertical with S wave polarizations direction.The spy of this P ripple
It is in T to levy functionspmaxIn interval, with the S ripples polarization vector for having detected, to each time point, calculate special using formula (7)
Levy functional value CFp.
1. the pickup of time to peak
In whole time interval TspmaxInterior, the maximum correspondence time for searching for CFp is exactly P ripples in the peak value of the receiving point
Between tp0。
2. the pickup of take-off time
After the time to peak of P ripples determines, with time to peak tp0, in the take-off time detection window at midpoint, to exist respectively
The long short time-window of two slips calculates the meansigma methodss of CFp, STA and LTA, then by the use of maximum the rising as P ripples of STA/LTA
Jump time tp.As S ripples, in order to keep high sensitivity, STA/LTA windows overlap, while the ratio of STA/LTA is arranged
Minimum threshold, the setting principle of the wherein selection of STA and LTA windows, and STA/LTA minimum threshold are picked up with S ripples take-off time
Equally.
(9) marginal testing of event
In order to improve the reliability of event recognition and pickup, checked in identification and pick process.
1. the inspection of time to peak
A second-degree parabola equation Tfit is fitted with the time to peak of pickupi=axi 2+bxi+ c, (xiTo receive period,
TfitiFor the time of fitting), calculate the match value of each receiving point and error e rr=of actual pickup value | Tfit-Tpick
| (Tpick is actual pickup value).When error e rr exceed certain boundary value when, be fitted time as when window midpoint, reduce
Search window, picks up the time to peak of the maximum receiving point the most of characteristic function value again.The wherein boundary value of err is general
For several sampled point times, this value is determined by picking up effect test according to practically necessary error precision.
2. the inspection of take-off time
As the process of fitting time to peak, the parabolic equation of a take-off time is fitted, equally, for for by mistake
Difference more than certain boundary take-off time value, be fitted time as when window midpoint, reduce search window, reset an office
(the arranging as STA/LTA threshold value principles when the setting principle of this threshold value and S ripples take-off time are picked up) in portion, picks up little again
The maximum of the STA/LTA in window.
3. P, S ripple matching check
Ineligible P ripple take-off times can be checked by formula (10).
|(ts-tp)-ts(α-β)/β|≤ε (10)
α and β are known, are that (P ripples and S ripple average speeds are for the average speed of P ripples and S ripples near cymoscope respectively
Known quantity in advance).In order to the inspection that release rate error causes it is inaccurate, a less time difference range ε (" time difference of setting
Scope ε " is to be adjusted determination according to the precision and pickup effect of speed), for the thing of the condition for not meeting formula (10)
Part is rejected.
4. the true and false inspection of event
Check with take-off time checking process in event time to peak, the true and false of event can be checked first.This is to pass through
The deviation accumulation of the parabola that time to peak (or take-off time) is fitted and the time to peak (or take-off time) of pickup judging,
If deviation accumulation is greater than a certain value, it is believed that the event is incorrect, then pick up result disallowable.
Wherein cumulative errors pass through formulaCalculate, j=1,2,3...M, M are cymoscopes
Number, TpickjBe pickup time (time to peak or take-off time of P ripples or S ripples), TfitjIt is corresponding fit time.Error
Aggregate-value boundary is usually M*err, and err is that step peak error 1. checks boundary.
(10) event recognition and pickup entirety realize flow process, as shown in figure 20, including：
1. orientation rotation is carried out to each receiving point of event monitoring record the step of application implementation mode (2), makes X point
To coincidence, to coincidence, Z component is vertical for Y-component and positive north N for amount and due east E.
2. to postrotational record, each receiving point is calculated using the characteristic function formula (6) of embodiment (3), often
Characteristic function value CFs at one moment.
3. according to calculating event stack power function L (t) the step of embodiment (5).
4. according to embodiment (6) the step of detects a shake time t of all Possible eventsi。
5. 1. according to embodiment (7) the step of picks up each receiving point time to peak of one group of S ripple, then according to embodiment party
The step of formula (9), 1. checks the S crest value times；The step of according to embodiment (7), 2. picks up S ripple take-off times, then according to
The step of embodiment (9), 2. checks the S crest value times.
6. fixed time interval T before one group of S ripple take-off time that 5. flow process has determinedspmaxIt is interior for each
Each time point of individual receiving point, application implementation scheme (4) characteristic function formula (7) calculate characteristic function value CFp.
7. 1. according to embodiment (8) the step of picks up each receiving point time to peak of one group of P ripple, then according to embodiment party
The step of formula (9), 1. checks the P crest value times；The step of according to embodiment (8), 2. picks up P ripple take-off times, then according to
The step of embodiment (9), 2. checks P ripple take-off times.
8. 3. according to embodiment (9) the step of checks one group of P, S ripple match condition having picked up, if not meeting bar
Part, then reject the event.
9. 4. according to embodiment (9) the step of checks the true and false situation of one group of event having picked up, if not meeting bar
Part, then reject the event.
10. 3., next group of event of subsequent pick-up, until the pickup of all events is completed, terminates pickup to Returning process.
One embodiment of the present of invention is as follows：
Forced with a bite WIH micro-seismic monitoring data is split as example.16 grades of three-components are received, and inspection well is straight well, well
Mouth relative coordinates：0,0,0；First cymoscope depth 790m, detector interval 10m；Shooting point position：292.68,288.82,
1243.18；
Accompanying drawing 3,4,5 is the X of a certain section of monitoring record through denoising respectively, tri- components of Y, Z.
These three components are carried out with the rotation of geophone orientation angle, accompanying drawing 6-1 to Fig. 8-2 is revolved through geophone orientation respectively
X before and after turning, the comparison diagram of tri- component recordings of Y, Z, left side are the records before orientation rotation, and right side is the note after orientation rotation
Record.Can see from postrotational effect, after horizontal direction rotation, X, Y, each road polarization direction of Z component are corrected to
Under the same coordinate system system.
Fig. 9 is that the event monitoring stack power that moveout scan superposition is obtained is carried out to postrotational monitoring record.From superposition
5 obvious micro-seismic events have been can be clearly seen that on energy diagram.
Adaptive threshold value is calculated to stack power, automatic detection micro-seismic event, Figure 10 are moveout scan stack powers,
Energy envelope and the self adaptive threshold curve, and the event relation figure for monitoring.Wherein solid line is adaptive threshold, and long dotted line is energy
Amount envelope, short dash line is stack power, and black side's point is the doubtful event detected by adaptive threshold.See from figure,
In the event (black silk Fang Dian represents event) being detected in addition to 5 are obvious, also some other doubtful event, to this
Due to not being real event, the result being picked up is random to a little doubtful events, and no rule can be followed, therefore below
In event inspection can it is disallowable fall.
Shown in Figure 11-1, Figure 11-2 and 12-1, Figure 12-2 be the one of which that detects from the S ripples of same event and
The long characteristic function value of P ripples and energy ratio between the long window and the short window value, wherein window 40ms when long, short time-window 15ms；Region folded by dotted line
It is the time to peak and take-off time value search window of event respectively, sees from figure, the energy of S ripples and P ripples passes through length in short-term
Afterwards, peak value is more precipitous for window ratio, as long as choosing an appropriate window (region in figure folded by dotted line) searches out energy ratio most
The big value correspondence time, the take-off time of ripple is just obtained.
Figure 13 is three component recordings X, Y, Z of a certain receiving point for intercepting, and gives first tri- road of receiving point Chu
Record corresponding, S wave characteristic functional values (CFS), P wave characteristic functional values (CFP), S wavelength short time-window energy ratio (STA/LTA
(S)), P ripples wavelength short time-window energy ratio (STA/LTA (P)), Figure 14 is to last event therein (in 13 square frame of accompanying drawing
Event) it is exaggerated, indicate the search window scope of S ripples and P ripples, and S ripples and P crest values in figure with arrow respectively
Time, the length of LTA and STA indication line segments denoted the length of long short time-window (when long respectively in the take-off location of take-off time
Window 40ms, short time-window 15ms).See in figure from after amplification that P ripples are reached prior to S ripples, the crest of the maximum correspondence S ripples of CFS,
The maximum correspondence P ripple crests of CFP, the maximum correspondence S ripple take-off times of STA/LTA (S), the maximum pair of STA/LTA (P)
P ripple take-off times are answered, the variation tendency of wherein STA/LTA values is more stable, the single spike of only one of which, and characteristic function value
Change has some little other peaks around main peak with the continuity of period of wave.The searching window of S ripples is slightly larger than its cycle, P ripples
Searching window from the take-off time of S ripples start forward slightly larger than S ripples P ripples the time difference.
Figure 15 to Figure 19 be five groups of obvious events take-off time pickup result (every three road be a receiving point, from it is lower to
Upper three road is respectively X, Y, Z component), wherein in same event, what is first reached is P ripples, what is reached afterwards is S ripples.From pickup
Result see that this method is capable of the presence of accurate identification events, judge the seismic phase of the S ripples and P ripples from same focus, and accurate
When true pickup event is walked.
S ripples and the energy relationship and polarization characteristic of P ripples that the present invention occurs in pairs according to micro-seismic event, improve S and P
The characteristic function of ripple, the method and flow process of the corresponding identification and pickup for also improving event.Including：By the feature letter of S ripples
The moveout scan superposition of numerical value and adaptive threshold are recognizing S ripple events；By the feature with the P ripples of S wave polarization Attribute Associations
Functional value is recognizing P ripple events；By the extreme value of the extreme value and energy ratio between the long window and the short window of the characteristic function value in a timing window point
Not come the time to peak and take-off time of the event of picking up；By effective event detection methods, it is ensured that the reliability of event.This
The bright seismic phase that can effectively recognize micro-seismic event, matches to homologous event, and picks up micro-seismic event, be micro-seismic monitoring
Subsequent treatment provides parameter when event is walked.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, at this
On the basis of disclosure of the invention application process and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, this is not limited solely to
The method described by above-mentioned specific embodiment is invented, therefore previously described mode is simply preferred, and do not had and limit
The meaning of property.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of borehole microseismic event recognition and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The method comprising the steps of：
(1) orientation rotation is carried out to each receiving point of event monitoring record, makes X-component and due east E to coincidence, Y-component and
, to coincidence, Z component is vertical for positive north N；
(2) to postrotational record, calculate characteristic function value CFs at each receiving point each moment；
(3) event stack power function L (t) is calculated by moveout scan technology；
(4) by a shake time t of adaptive threshold automatic detection outgoing eventi；
(5) the S crest value times of one group of event are picked up and the S crest value times are checked；Pickup S ripples take-off time simultaneously checks that S ripples rise
The jump time；
(6) fixed time interval T for each receiving point, before one group of S ripple take-off time having determinedspmaxIt is interior
Characteristic function value CFp is calculated to each time point；
(7) pick up each receiving point time to peak of the P ripples of one group of event and check the P crest value times；Pickup P ripple take-off times
And check P ripple take-off times；
(8) P ripples, the S ripple match conditions of one group of event having picked up are checked, if ineligible, the event is rejected；Check
The true and false situation of one group of event having picked up, if ineligible, rejects the event；
(9) judge whether that all events are all picked up to complete, if it is not, then return to step (5), if it is, output is all meeting
The peak time and take-off time of the S ripples and P ripples of condition, terminates pick process.
2. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 1 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(1) include：
(11) three components for setting three-component geophone record are x', y', z' respectively, are chosen to install cymoscope with formula (1) first
To under UVW coordinate systems：
Here θ represents the angle of u and x'；
(12) rotation u, v, w to ENZ rectangular coordinate system are continued using formula (2)：
(e in formula1,f1,g1), (e2,f2,g2), (e3,f3,g3) it is more than direction of tri- axles of UVW in ENZ coordinate systems respectively
String；
WhereinΔx1, Δ y1, Δ z1It is
Increment of coordinate of the adjacent cymoscope in ENZ coordinate systems, by UVW orthogonality relation and derive：
(13) cymoscope is threaded in the rectangular coordinate system that shooting point and receiving point line direction are constituted using formula (3), if rotation
Three vectors after turning are (ax,ay,az), wherein axFor the horizontal direction of the cautious line of big gun, ayIt is perpendicular to axAnother level
Axle, azVertical is downward：
Make Δ x2=xr-xs, Δ y2=yr-ys, Δ z2=zr-zs；Wherein (xs,ys,zs) and (xr,
yr,zr) coordinate of shooting point and receiving point in ENZ coordinate systems is represented respectively；Then b21=b12,
b22=-b11；
(14) continue rotating vector (a using formula (4)x,ay,az), make axWith due east E to coincidence, ayWith positive north N to coincidence, az
It is still vertical downward；
Wherein β is axWith the angle of E, cos β=Δ x2/d2, sin β=Δ y2/d2；
(15) method for carrying out angle scanning by the component direct P ripple to perforation data tries to achieve cymoscope horizontal azimuth：Work as rotation
Component a afterwardsxWith ayThe maximum angle, θ of energy difference be required azimuth：
Wherein, k is sampling period, and n1 and n2 is respectively the arrival time and wave rear time corresponding sampling period of component direct P ripple.
3. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 2 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(2) it is realized in：
(21) in a sliding window, for postrotational X, Y, Z these three components build its covariance matrix：
In formula, ∑ is Wherein Asked by covariance matrix and obtain three eigenvalue λs1, λ2, λ3And correspond to eigenvalue
Three stack features vector, wherein λ1>λ2>λ3, eigenvalue of maximum λ1Corresponding characteristic vector is V1 (vx,vy,vz)；
(22) using with the eigenvalue of maximum λ 1 and its corresponding characteristic vector V1 (v of covariance matrixx,vy,vz), and perforation
Grid bearing vector S (sx,sy,sz) construction S wave characteristic functions：
Wherein：S(sx,sy,sz)=(xs-xr,ys-yr,zs-zr)
Then the characteristic function value at each receiving point each moment is calculated using formula (6) to postrotational record (X, Y, Z)
CFs。
4. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 3 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(3) it is realized in：
Maximum stack energy L (t) at each moment is calculated using formula (8):
In formula (8), τjIt is the time shift amount of j-th cymoscope.
5. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 4 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(4) include：
(41) Hilbert transform is carried out to L (t), envelope H (t) of L (t) is calculated；
(42) expected value E (t) and standard variance δ (t) at each moment envelope H (t) in a sliding window, are calculated；
(43) calculating of adaptive threshold is carried out using formula (9)：
Ht (t)=E (t- τ)+α δ (t- τ) (9)
In formula (9), τ is time delay, and to adjust because the threshold value that first arrival causes changes too early, α is the power system of standard variance
Number；
(44) in regular time length TeventIt is interior, maximum L of L (t) values more than Ht (t) will be metmaxT () is used as the inspection
The event surveyed in window, correspondence time tiIt is exactly that event plays the shake time, i=1,2,3...K, K are the event numbers for detecting, institute
State TeventMore than the maximum time difference of S-P ripples；The length of the detection window is time span Tevent。
6. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 5 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(5) pickup S crest value times in simultaneously check what the S crest value times were realized in：
The pickup S crest value times：The S crest value times refer to the ceiling capacity corresponding time of event, and step (4) is detected
A certain event, to each receiving point, with ti-τjMoment is the receiving point time to peak searching window midpoint, at this in window
The maximum of search CFs, its correspondence time is exactly time to peak t of the event in the receiving points0；tiBe step (4) detect i-th
A shake time of group event, τjIt is the time shift amount of the jth cymoscope calculated in step (3)；
Check the S crest value times：Time to peak time curve is fitted with parabolic equation, during peak value beyond the mark for error
Between be worth, with the theoretical peak time Tfit with fitting of parabolaiFor when window midpoint, reduce search window, then resetting
Search window in, find out the maximum of CFs；
Pickup S ripples take-off time in the step (5) simultaneously checks what S ripple take-off times were realized in：
Pickup S ripple take-off times：S ripple take-off times refer to the first arrival ski-jump corresponding time of event；In the peak value of event
Between determine after, with time to peak ts0For in the take-off time detection window at midpoint, respectively in the long short time-window meters of two slips
Calculate CFs meansigma methodss STA and LTA, then by the use of STA/LTA maximum as S ripples take-off time ts；STA/LTA windows
Can not overlap, while the ratio for STA/LTA is provided with minimum threshold；
Check S ripple take-off times：With fitting of parabola take-off time time curve, the take-off time beyond the mark for error
Value, with the theoretical take-off time Tfit with fitting of parabolaiFor when window midpoint, reduce search window, reset a local
STA/LTA threshold values, in the search window for resetting, find out again the maximum of STA/LTA.
7. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 6 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(6) it is realized in：
For a receiving point, fixed time interval T before a S ripple take-off time having determinedspmaxIt is interior, utilize
Have been detected as the polarization vector P (p of a S ripplex,py,pz), and the maximum of the covariance matrix at time point to be calculated
Eigenvalue λ 1 and character pair vector V1 (vx,vy,vz) construction P wave characteristic functions：
Then CFp is calculated to each time point of each receiving point using formula (7).
8. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 7 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(7) pickup P crest value times in simultaneously check what the P crest value times were realized in:
The pickup P crest value times：In whole time interval TspmaxIt is interior, the maximum of CFp is searched for, its corresponding time is exactly P ripples
In the time to peak t of the receiving pointp0；The TspmaxMore than or equal to the maximum time difference of P, S ripple in record；
Check the P crest value times：With fitting of parabola time to peak time curve, when the peak value of certain boundary is exceeded for error
Between be worth, be fitted time as when window midpoint, reduce search window, pick up again；
Pickup P ripples take-off time in the step (7) simultaneously checks what P ripple take-off times were realized in；
Pickup P ripple take-off times：After the time to peak of P ripples determines, with time to peak tp0Take-off time for midpoint is detected
In window, the long short time-window in two slips calculates the meansigma methodss of CFp, STA and LTA, then using the maximum of STA/LTA respectively
It is worth the take-off time t as P ripplesp；The STA/LTA windows can not overlap that (STA and LTA windows are chosen so that, it is assumed that long
It is point to be calculated that short time-window length is respectively Ll and Ls, i, then the calculation window of LTA is [i-Ll, i], the calculation window of STA
Be (i, i+Ls]), while the ratio of STA/LTA arranges minimum threshold；
Check P ripple take-off times：It is similar with S ripple take-off times inspection method, it is with fitting of parabola take-off time time curve, right
In error exceed certain boundary take-off time value, be fitted time as when window midpoint, reduce search window, reset one
The STA/LTA threshold values of individual local, pick up the maximum of STA/LTA again.
9. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 8 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(8) it is realized in：
Ineligible P ripple take-off times can be checked by formula (10)：
|(ts-tp)-ts(α-β)/β|≤ε (10)
In formula (10), α and β is the average speed of the P ripples and S ripples near cymoscope respectively, arranges time difference range ε, right
Rejected in the event for being unsatisfactory for formula (10), that is, the event result having picked up does not retain, and deletes；
The deviation accumulation of the parabola being fitted by time to peak or take-off time and the time to peak or take-off time of pickup come
Judge, if the value of deviation accumulation is greater than boundary value, then it is assumed that the event is false, and the event is rejected；
The deviation accumulation is calculated as follows：
Assume M cymoscope, the time of pickup is Tpickj, the time of corresponding fitting is Tfitj, j=1,2,3...M, then tire out
Meter error
The boundary value is M*err, and err is that picking error checks boundary.
10. borehole microseismic event recognition according to claim 1 and pickup method, it is characterised in that：The step
(9) it is realized in：
If the event detected in step (4), is also not picked up, then return to step (5) subsequent pick-up, if not needing to pick up again
Take, then export the S ripples and the time to peak and take-off time of P ripples of all conditions for meeting step (8) and step (9), terminate
Pick process.
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