CN104459768B - One kind is based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides one kind to be based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, belongs to 3-D seismics reservoir prediction and evaluation field.Methods described using when window target zone is cut, obtain target zone one group of layer plane section；The seismic properties of layer plane section are carried out preferably, the seismic properties of target geological volume morphing will be characterized as preferred attribute；The existence range of geologic body in the plane is sketched the contours of in the preferred attribute, then target geological body is tracked using data similarity principle to obtain geologic body polygonal region；Model of geological structure body is established after the explanation to each layer plane section is completed, finally the model of geological structure body progress three-dimensional visualization of foundation is shown.The present invention can carry out fine description on 3D seismic data to target geological body, and the space occurrence status of target geological body are shown by three-dimensional visualization, for instructing seismic data interpretation and wellbore trace to design.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3-D seismics reservoir prediction and evaluation field, and in particular to one kind is based on visual three dimensions
Target geological body method for tracing, the spatial distribution of (description) target geological body is followed the trail of by way of three-dimensional visualization, to bore
Well Trajectory Design provides important references data.
Background technology
Visualization technique is that collection computer digital animation, an image such as show at the multinomial comprehensive technology of technology leading edge,
By the advanced Display Technique of graphics workstation, comprehensive perspective can be carried out to seismic data cube, is not only quality monitoring
Means, and be displayed for and describe many geologic features in underground, either complicated structure or sedimentation reservoir
Change, can real-time display on graphics workstation, provide new data analysis and achievement for oil exploration research work
The effective means of expression, three-dimensional visualization technique make traditional explanation idea and method there occurs radical change, can using three-dimensional
All3D interpretation is realized to data volume progress three dimensions automatic tracing explanation depending on changing, it can make people at one full of three-dimensional
In dynamic information, with truly static or dynamic image, description objective data, handle in real time and show and timely and effectively divide
Result is analysed, from the geology and geophysical information and phase for largely disperseing and finding in the data of complexity to disclose included in it
Mutual inner link, more deep geographical generation, development and the influence for solving various phenomenons.It is fast with computer and graphical display technics
Speed development, three-dimensional visualization technique progressively moves to maturity, and has become the key technology in reser-voir prediction and description method,
The sedimentary facies belts such as river course, delta, alluvial fan and thick sand bed Reservoir Distribution can be directly and quickly shown and described in it.Three-dimensional can
Introducing depending on changing technology, Seismic Reservoir Prediction and descriptive study is worked and reached a kind of brand-new boundary, be truly realized from
The substantive leap of 2 d-to-3 d.
The progress of seismic processing interpretation technique is further improved to the ability of portraying of geologic objective, but for non-
The limited precision that the strong complex geologic body of homogenieity is portrayed, small especially for sand thickness, cross directional variations are very fast, low hole, low
The target geological body prediction of reservoir is oozed with identifying that difficulty is larger, using being restricted.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve problem present in above-mentioned prior art, there is provided one kind is based on visual three-dimensional
Extraterrestrial target geologic body method for tracing, it is not high for describing precision in common seismic data three-dimensional visualization to target geological body,
Be difficult to portray sand thickness is small, cross directional variations are very fast, low hole, hypotonic reservoir, the deficiencies of using being restricted, with improving target
The description precision of plastid, the data display function of seismic data three-dimensional visualization is made full use of, the target geological body disclosed
Space occurrence status provide important references data and data for the explanation of seismic data and the design of later stage wellbore trace.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
One kind be based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, using when window target zone is cut,
Obtain one group of layer plane section of target zone；The seismic properties of layer plane section are carried out preferably, the target geological bodily form will be characterized
The seismic properties of state are as preferred attribute；The existence range of geologic body in the plane is sketched the contours of in the preferred attribute, it is then sharp
Target geological body is tracked with data similarity principle to obtain geologic body polygonal region；Complete to each layer plane
Model of geological structure body is established after the explanation of section, finally the model of geological structure body progress three-dimensional visualization of foundation is shown.
It the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) established according to structure interpretation layer position and explain Skeleton Model；
(2) target zone is cut according to criterion on the explanation Skeleton Model, obtains one group of layer plane section；
(3) existence range of geologic body is sketched the contours of in the section of layer plane, the property value in this layer of plane section is
Preferred attribute, it is the attribute data of input；
(4) in the range of the polygon that step (3) is sketched the contours of, target geological body is entered using data similarity principle
Row tracking, obtains the polygonal region that target geological body cuts on-chip trace in layer plane；
(5) are obtained by all layers of plane and cuts the polygon of on-chip trace for all layers of plane section repeat step (3) and step (4)
Shape region, that is, model of geological structure body is established, then carrying out three-dimensional visualization to the model of geological structure body shows.
What the step (1) was realized in：
Structure interpretation is carried out on seismic profile and obtains structure interpretation layer position data, by the layer position of explanation successively from bottom to up
Place, and keep its relative position on seismic profile, the mutual alignment relation that the layer position and layer position so formed is asked is just
Constitute explanation Skeleton Model.
Criterion described in the step (2) includes：Parallel to top interface decile, parallel to bottom interface decile and Ding Di circle
Three kinds of modes of face decile.
Carry out what cutting was realized in described in the step (2) to target zone：
The number cut into slices according to the time window length of target zone and layer plane is come the time interval between the section of computation layer plane：
If T represents the time window length of target zone, N is the number of obtained layer plane section, and △ t are the time between the section of layer plane
It is spaced, then △ t=N/T, △ N value standard is that △ t to be caused are more than geological data sample rate；
Since the bottom interface of target zone, according to parallel to top interface decile, parallel to bottom interface decile and top bottom interface
Any one of these three modes of decile divide using △ t as interval to target zone.
What the step (3) was realized in：
Crucial pin point is selected in the section of layer plane, the line of these crucial pin points forms a polygon, the polygon
Target geological body can be contained within portion.
It is so to realize that the step (4), which is,：
One or more seed point of pickup in target geological body in each layer of plane section, then in step
(3) amplitude is located at seed point amplitude scope in the range of the polygon sketched the contours ofInterior point is all selected
Come；
Given similarity factor α, is determined by formula (1)
In formula, α is similarity factor, and x is seed point amplitude；
When have chosen multiple seed points, x values are the average value of multiple seed point amplitudes.For seed point amplitude
The lower boundary of scope,For the coboundary of seed point amplitude scope.Property value in this layer of plane section is preferred attribute, is
The attribute data of input.
Three-dimensional visualization is carried out to the model of geological structure body in the step (5) and shows what is be realized in：
Each sampling point on the polygonal region of tracking be by X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z coordinate and attribute value definition,
Wherein X-coordinate is survey line number, and Y-coordinate is cross-track number, and Z coordinate is time or depth, and (X, Y, Z) is exactly the space of sampling point
Coordinate, the color of the sampling point are determined by the property value of the point.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The invention provides one kind to be based on visual three-dimensional space
Between target geological body engraving technology, can on 3D seismic data to target geological body carry out fine description, pass through three-dimensional
Visualize and the space occurrence status of target geological body are shown, for instructing seismic data interpretation and wellbore trace to design.
The present invention provides new data analysis and result provision means for oil exploration research work, is easy to from a large amount of scattered and complicated
Data in find the geology and geophysical information that can be disclosed included in it, the more deep geographical hair for solving various phenomenons
Raw, development and influence, it can be designed for wellbore trace and important references data be provided.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1-1 is explained in screen work foundation and the section of layer plane parallel to the section on top.
Fig. 1-2 is explained in screen work foundation and the section of layer plane parallel to the section at bottom.
Fig. 1-3 is to explain the section that bottom interface decile (top bottom is balanced) is pushed up in screen work foundation and the section of layer plane.
Fig. 2 a are scopes existing for the target geological body sketched the contours in the section of layer plane.
Fig. 2 b are polygonal region of the target geological body followed the trail of in the scope sketched the contours on layer plane.
Fig. 2 c are that the polygonal region in all layers of plane section is carried out into spatial gridding.
Fig. 2 d are the target geological bodies described by space lattice angular coordinate.
Fig. 3 is the step block diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 4 a are the target geological body tracking schematic diagrames of layer plane section one.
Fig. 4 b are the target geological body tracking schematic diagrames of layer plane section two.
Fig. 4 c are the target geological body tracking schematic diagrames of layer plane section three.
Fig. 5 is target geological body three-dimensional visualization schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
The present invention is a kind of three dimensions geologic body engraving technology based on three-dimensional visualization, belongs to petroleum geophysics and surveys
3-D seismics reservoir prediction and assessment technique field in spy.The inventive method is visualized as basis with 3D seismic data,
The existence range of geologic body is sketched the contours of in the layer plane section of target zone, carries out ground within the range using data similarity principle
The description and tracking of plastid, the polygonal region for being depicted and characterizing target geological body plane characteristic is followed up, by the scope
Interior each polygonal region composition target geological body for cutting on-chip trace, is visualized, final result is with three-dimensional to result
Visual form carries out the displaying of data.
The purpose of the present invention aiming in common seismic data three-dimensional visualization to target geological body description present in
Deficiency, surrounding target geologic body is with country rock in difference existing for lithology, physical property etc., there is provided one kind is based on visual three-dimensional
Extraterrestrial target geologic body engraving technology, based on data similarity principle to target geological body in the preferred attribute section of target zone
It is described and follows the trail of, then the target geological body of tracking is visualized, characterizes target geological body space occurrence status, refer to
Lead seismic data interpretation work and wellbore trace design.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
Based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, target zone is cut according to certain when window
Cut, if obtaining the dried layer plane section of target zone.The seismic properties of layer plane section are carried out preferably, target can be characterized by selecting
As preferred attribute, (preferred attribute is, specific object bag given as input data to the seismic properties of geology volume morphing
Include the seismic properties such as wave impedance, instantaneous frequency, instantaneous phase or seismic amplitude data.Selected in these seismic properties
That attribute that can show target geological volume morphing is selected out as preferred attribute), then sketch the contours of ground in the preferred attribute
The existence range of plastid in the plane, then target geological body is tracked to obtain geologic body using data similarity principle more
Side shape region, model of geological structure body is established after the completion of explaining in each section, the final geologic body with three-dimensional visualization to foundation
It is shown.
As shown in figure 3, it the described method comprises the following steps：
(1) established according to structure interpretation layer position and explain Skeleton Model：
Structure interpretation is carried out on seismic profile and obtains structure interpretation layer position data, by the layer position of explanation successively from bottom to up
Place, and keep its relative position on seismic profile, the mutual alignment relation that the layer position and layer position so formed is asked is just
Constitute explanation Skeleton Model；
(2) target zone is cut according to certain criterion on Skeleton Model is explained, obtains one group of layer plane section；
Described criterion includes：Divide mode parallel to top interface, parallel to bottom interface, top bottom interface etc., top bottom interface refers to
Be top interface and bottom interface.Top bottom equilibrium is another call to pushing up bottom interface decile.Decile with it is balanced equivalent in meaning.
When being cut to target zone, from a kind of criterion.Determined using which kind of criterion with reference to work area geologic information,
Specifically, Fig. 1-1 to Fig. 1-3 is the rule (or referred to as mode) for illustrating to cut target zone.User using this three
Layer plane can be just obtained after a kind of cutting to target zone in kind regular (mode) to cut into slices.Wherein, Fig. 1-1 is that top circle is put down with aspect
OK, the situation suitable for bottom circle for upper break bounds face；Fig. 1-2 is then that bottom interface is parallel with aspect, suitable for top circle be cut cut or toplap
Situation；Fig. 1-3 is the top bottom interface situation parallel with aspect.
Target zone cut specific as follows：Calculated according to the time window length of target zone and the number of layer plane section
Time interval between layer plane section, if T represents the time window length of target zone, N is the number of obtained layer plane section,
△ t are the time interval between the section of layer plane, then △ t=N/T, and △ N value standard is that △ t to be caused are more than geological data
Sample rate.Since the bottom interface of target zone, according to top bottom interface decile, parallel to top interface or the side parallel to bottom interface
Any one divides using △ t as interval to target zone in formula.
(3) existence range of geologic body is sketched the contours of in each layer of plane section；
The scope sketched the contours of in each layer of plane section is to select some crucial in the section of layer plane by mouse
Pin point, the line of these pin points form a polygon, and target geological body is included in inside by the polygon.The original that pin point is chosen
It is then so that target geological body can be included by the line of these pin points, unrestricted to the shape of polygon, as long as
It is that target geological body is included.Fig. 2 a are that the layer plane obtained after being cut to target zone is cut into slices, this layer of position
Approximate range existing for target geological body is sketched the contours of in the section of face.
(4) in the range of the polygon that step (3) is sketched the contours of, target geological body is entered using data similarity principle
Row tracking, obtain polygonal region of the target geological body in the section of layer plane；
The content is specifically described as：One or more seed point is picked up in the section of layer plane, and (standard of selection is
Ensure that the seed point in target geological body, selects multiple seed point ratios to select a seed point more representative, can more reflect target
The size of the characteristic of geologic body, such as impedance value, the size attribute of porosity.), in the polygon that step (3) is sketched the contours of
In the range of big with the attribute amplitude similitude of seed point (will choose and meet that attribute amplitude existsIn the range of point.)
Point all elect.Given similarity factor α, seed point amplitude scope is determined by formula (1)
In formula, α is similarity factor, and x is seed point amplitude, and when have chosen multiple seed points, x values are multiple seeds
The average value of point amplitude.For the lower boundary of seed point amplitude scope,For the coboundary of seed point amplitude scope.
Each point in the range of being sketched the contours is judged, if amplitude is in seed point amplitude scopeWithin,
So this selected part as polygonal region of point, does not otherwise choose.
(5) tracking of all layers of upper polygonal region of plane section is completed using above-mentioned steps (4), and to all trackings
Polygonal region carries out three-dimensional visualization and shown.
That is, being cut first to target zone, one group of layer plane section is obtained；To in this group layer plane section
Each layer of plane section performs step (3) respectively, i.e., sketching the contours of target geological body in this layer of plane section is present substantially
Scope；Then target geological body is entered using data similarity principle in above-mentioned sketched the contours approximate range using step (4)
The fine tracking of row；All layers of plane section are completed after the tracking of target geological body, have just obtained target geological body.Entirely
Process is first to carry out on one face, and when tracking completes on all faces, recycling three-dimensional visualization is carried out to the result of tracking
Display.
Three-dimensional visualization shows specific as follows：Each sampling point on polygonal region is by X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z coordinate
And attribute value definition, wherein X-coordinate is survey line number, and Y-coordinate is cross-track number, and Z coordinate is time or depth, and Z is sat
Mark is that time or depth will be depending on the data of input.(X, Y, Z) is exactly the space coordinates of sampling point, and the color of the point is by this
The property value of point determines.
Below by taking the actual 3D seismic data in somewhere as an example, the carving of target geological body is carried out using the inventive method
Carve, further relate to the effect of the present invention.
The inventive method is visualized as basis with 3D seismic data, and geology is sketched the contours of in the layer plane section of target zone
The existence range of body in the plane, the tracking for then carrying out geologic body within the range obtains polygonal region, to each layer of position
Face section all carries out the tracking of polygonal region, finally carries out the exhibition of data to polygonal region in the form of three-dimensional visualization
Show, take full advantage of the data display function of seismic data three-dimensional visualization, the space preservation shape of the target geological body disclosed
State provides important references data and data for the explanation of seismic data and the design of later stage wellbore trace.
Fig. 1-1 to Fig. 1-3 is the explanation Skeleton Model in embodiment 1, is followed successively by parallel to top interface, parallel to bottom circle
Face, three kinds of explanation Skeleton Models for pushing up bottom interface decile.Explain that Skeleton Model is established by the layer position of structure interpretation, it is upper and lower in figure
Two thick lines represent two layer positions.Dotted line represents the layer plane of cutting.
Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 d are the target geological body engraving technology schematic diagrames in embodiment 1, and Fig. 2 a explanations are cut into slices in layer plane
On scope existing for the target geological body that sketches the contours, the target geological body that Fig. 2 b illustrate to follow the trail of in the scope sketched the contours is on layer plane
Polygonal region, Fig. 2 c illustrate the polygonal region in the section of all layers of plane carrying out spatial gridding, and Fig. 2 d are by sky
Between grid angular coordinate describe target geological body.
Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 c are the polygonal regions that layer plane in embodiment 1 cuts on-chip trace, and Fig. 4 a illustrate in layer plane
The polygonal region of target geological body is followed the trail of in section one, Fig. 4 b illustrate to follow the trail of the more of target geological body in layer plane section two
Side shape region, Fig. 4 c illustrate the polygonal region that target geological body is followed the trail of in layer plane section three.
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional visualization of the target geological body in embodiment 1.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, at this
On the basis of disclosure of the invention application process and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, be not limited solely to this
Invent the method described by above-mentioned embodiment, therefore previously described mode is simply preferable, and and without limitation
The meaning of property.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterised in that：Window when methods described utilizes
Target zone is cut, obtains one group of layer plane section of target zone；The seismic properties of layer plane section are carried out preferably, will
The seismic properties of target geological volume morphing are characterized as preferred attribute；Sketch the contours of in the preferred attribute geologic body in the plane
Existence range, then target geological body is tracked using data similarity principle to obtain geologic body polygonal region；Complete
Model of geological structure body is established after the explanation of each layer plane section in pairs, three-dimensional visible finally is carried out to the model of geological structure body of foundation
Change display；
It the described method comprises the following steps:
(1) established according to structure interpretation layer position and explain Skeleton Model；
(2) target zone is cut according to criterion on the explanation Skeleton Model, obtains one group of layer plane section；
(3) existence range of geologic body is sketched the contours of in the section of layer plane, the property value in this layer of plane section is preferred
Attribute；
(4) in the range of the polygon that step (3) is sketched the contours of, target geological body is chased after using data similarity principle
Track, obtain the polygonal region that target geological body cuts on-chip trace in layer plane；
(5) repeat step (3) of being cut into slices to all floor planes and step (4) obtain the polygon area that all floor planes cut on-chip trace
Domain, that is, model of geological structure body is established, then carrying out three-dimensional visualization to the model of geological structure body shows.
2. according to claim 1 be based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterised in that：Institute
State what step (1) was realized in:
Structure interpretation is carried out on seismic profile and obtains structure interpretation layer position data, the layer position of explanation is put from bottom to up successively
Put, and keep its relative position on seismic profile, the layer position so formed and the mutual alignment relation of layer interdigit just structure
Into explanation Skeleton Model.
3. according to claim 2 be based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterised in that：Institute
Stating the criterion described in step (2) includes：Parallel to top interface decile, parallel to three kinds of bottom interface decile and top bottom interface decile
Mode.
4. according to claim 3 be based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterised in that：Institute
State and carry out what cutting was realized in described in step (2) to target zone：
The number cut into slices according to the time window length of target zone and layer plane is come the time interval between the section of computation layer plane：If T
The time window length of target zone is represented, N is the number of obtained layer plane section, between times of the Δ t between the section of layer plane
Every then Δ t=T/N, N value standard is that Δ t to be caused is more than geological data sample rate；
Since the bottom interface of target zone, according to parallel to top interface decile, parallel to bottom interface decile and top bottom interface decile
Any one of these three modes divide using Δ t as interval to target zone.
5. according to claim 4 be based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterised in that：Institute
State what step (3) was realized in：
Crucial pin point is selected in the section of layer plane, the line of these crucial pin points forms a polygon, and the polygon can
Target geological body is contained within portion.
6. according to claim 5 be based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is so to realize to state step (4) to be：
One or more seed point of pickup in target geological body in each layer of plane section, then in step (3) institute
Amplitude is located at seed point amplitude scope in the range of the polygon sketched the contours ofInterior point is all elected；
Given similarity factor α, is determined by formula (1)
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In formula, α is similarity factor, and x is seed point amplitude；
When have chosen multiple seed points, x values are the average value of multiple seed point amplitudes,xFor seed point amplitude scope
Lower boundary,For the coboundary of seed point amplitude scope.
7. according to claim 6 be based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterised in that：Institute
State in step (5) and what is be realized in is shown to model of geological structure body progress three-dimensional visualization：
Each sampling point on the polygonal region of tracking be by X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z coordinate and attribute value definition, wherein X
Coordinate is survey line number, and Y-coordinate is cross-track number, and Z coordinate is time or depth, and (X, Y, Z) is exactly the space coordinates of sampling point,
The color of the sampling point is determined by the property value of the point.
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| 全三维地震解释;杨勤勇;《地球物理学进展》;19990831;第14卷(第3期);前言 * |
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| CN104459768A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
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