CN104459768A - Three-dimensional space target geologic body tracking method based on visualization - Google Patents
Three-dimensional space target geologic body tracking method based on visualization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional space target geologic body tracking method based on visualization and belongs to the field of three-dimensional earthquake reservoir prediction and evaluation. The method comprises the steps that a time window is used for cutting a target layer, and a set of position face slices of the target layer are obtained; optimization is conducted on earthquake attributes of the position face slices, and the earthquake attributes representing the form of the target geologic body are taken as optimization attributes; the existing range of the geologic body on the plane is sketched based on the optimization attributes, and then a data similarity principle is used for tracking the target geologic body to obtain a polygon area of the geologic body; a geologic body model is established after interpretation of all the position face slices is completed, and finally three-dimensional visualization display is conducted on the established geologic body model. By means of the three-dimensional space target geologic body tracking method based on visualization, detailed description can be conducted on the target geologic body based on three-dimensional earthquake data, and the space occurrence of the target geologic body is displayed through three-dimensional visualization and used for guiding earthquake data interpretation and well drilling track design.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3-D seismics reservoir prediction and evaluation field, be specifically related to a kind of based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, the space distribution of (description) target geological body is followed the trail of, for wellbore trace design provides important references data by the mode of three-dimensional visualization.
Background technology
Visualization technique is a collection computer digital animation, the comprehensive technology of multinomial technology leading edge such as image display, by the advanced display technique of graphics workstation, omnibearing perspective can be carried out to seismic data volume, be not only quality monitoring means, and may be used for display and describe the many geologic features in underground, it is no matter the change of complex structure or sedimentation reservoir, can be presented on graphics workstation in real time, for petroleum prospecting research work provides new data analysis and the effective means of result provision, three-dimensional visualization technique makes traditional explanation thinking and countermeasure there occurs radical change, utilize three-dimensional visualization to carry out the explanation of three dimensions automatic tracing to data volume and realize all3D interpretation, it can make people be full of in the information of Three-dimensional dynamic at one, with true static or dynamic image, objective data is described, real-time process and display analysis result timely and effectively, find from a large amount of dispersion and complicated data and can disclose wherein comprised geology and geophysical information and mutual inner link, more profoundly understand the generation of various phenomenon, development and impact.Along with the fast development of computing machine and graphical display technics, three-dimensional visualization technique progressively moves to maturity, and the gordian technique become in reser-voir prediction and description method, it can directly show rapidly and describe sedimentary facies belt and the thick sand bed Reservoir Distributions such as river course, delta, outfall fan.The introducing of three-dimensional visualization technique, makes Seismic Reservoir Prediction and descriptive study work reach a kind of brand-new boundary, really achieves and cross over from the substance of 2 d-to-3 d.
The portray ability of progress to geologic objective of seismic processing interpretation technique is further improved, but for the limited precision that the complex geologic body that nonuniformity is strong is portrayed, especially little for sand thickness, horizontal change is very fast, the target geological body identification and predication difficulty of low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir is comparatively large, and application is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the difficult problem existed in above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, for not high to target geological volume description precision in common seismic data three-dimensional visualization, be difficult to portray sand thickness little, horizontal change is very fast, low hole, hypotonic reservoir, the deficiencies such as application is restricted, improve the description precision of target geological body, make full use of the data display function of seismic data three-dimensional visualization, the explanation that the space occurrence status of the target geological body disclosed is seismic data and later stage wellbore trace design provide important references data and data.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, when utilizing, window cuts zone of interest, obtains one group of layer plane section of zone of interest; Carry out preferably to the seismic properties of layer plane section, will the seismic properties of target geological volume morphing be characterized as preferred attribute; This preferred attribute is sketched the contours of geologic body existence range in the plane, then utilizes data similarity principle to carry out tracking to target geological body and obtain geologic body polygonal region; After completing the explanation that each layer plane is cut into slices, set up model of geological structure body, finally three-dimensional visualization display is carried out to the model of geological structure body set up.
Said method comprising the steps of:
(1) explanation Skeleton Model is set up according to structure elucidation layer position;
(2) according to criterion, zone of interest is cut on described explanation Skeleton Model, obtain one group of layer plane section;
(3) in a layer plane section, sketch the contours of the existence range of geologic body, the property value in this layer of plane section is preferred attribute, is the attribute data of input;
(4) in the polygonal scope that step (3) is sketched the contours of, utilize data similarity principle to follow the trail of target geological body, obtain target geological body cuts on-chip trace polygonal region at layer plane;
(5) polygonal region that all layer planes cut on-chip trace is obtained to all layer planes section repetition step (3) and step (4), namely establish model of geological structure body, then three-dimensional visualization display is carried out to described model of geological structure body.
Described step (1) is achieved in that
Seismic section carries out structure elucidation and obtains structure elucidation layer bit data, the layer position of explanation is placed successively from bottom to up, and keeping its relative position on seismic section, the mutual alignment relation that such formed layer position and layer position are asked just constitutes explanation Skeleton Model.
Criterion described in described step (2) comprises: be parallel to interface, top decile, be parallel to bottom boundary decile and top bottom boundary decile three kinds of modes.
Carry out cutting to zone of interest described in described step (2) to be achieved in that
The time interval between the section of computation layer plane is carried out: establish T to represent the window length of zone of interest according to the window length of zone of interest and the number of layer plane section, N is the number of the layer plane section that will obtain, △ t is the time interval between layer plane section, then the value standard of △ t=N/T, △ N to make △ t be greater than geological data sampling rate;
From the bottom boundary of zone of interest, according to being parallel to top interface decile, be parallel to any one in bottom boundary decile and top these three kinds of modes of bottom boundary decile with △ t for interval divides zone of interest.
Described step (3) is achieved in that
Crucial pin point is selected in the section of layer plane, and the line of these crucial pin points forms a polygon, and target geological body can comprise therein by this polygon.
Described step (4) is realize like this:
One or more Seed Points in target geological body is picked up in each layer of plane section, then in the polygonal scope that step (3) is sketched the contours of, amplitude is positioned at Seed Points amplitude scope
interior point is all elected;
Given similarity coefficient α, is determined by formula (1)
In formula, α is similarity coefficient, and x is Seed Points amplitude;
When have chosen multiple Seed Points, x value is the mean value of multiple Seed Points amplitude.
for the lower boundary of Seed Points amplitude scope,
for the coboundary of Seed Points amplitude scope.Property value in this layer of plane section is preferred attribute, is the attribute data of input.
Carry out three-dimensional visualization display to described model of geological structure body in described step (5) to be achieved in that
Each sampling point on the polygonal region followed the trail of is by X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z coordinate and property value define, wherein X-coordinate is survey line number, and Y-coordinate is cross-track number, and Z coordinate is time or the degree of depth, (X, Y, Z) be exactly the volume coordinate of sampling point, the color of this sampling point is determined by the property value of this point.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the invention provides a kind of based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body engraving technology, fine description can be carried out to target geological body on 3D seismic data, shown by the space occurrence status of three-dimensional visualization to target geological body, be used to guide seismic data interpretation and wellbore trace design.The present invention is that petroleum prospecting research work provides new data analysis and result provision means, be convenient to find from a large amount of dispersion and complicated data to disclose wherein comprised geology and geophysical information, more profoundly understand the generation of various phenomenon, development and impact, important references data can be provided for wellbore trace design.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1-1 explains that screen work is set up and is parallel to the section on top in the section of layer plane.
Fig. 1-2 explains that screen work is set up and is parallel to the section at the end in the section of layer plane.
Fig. 1-3 explains that screen work is set up and pushes up the section of bottom boundary decile (end, top is balanced) in the section of layer plane.
Fig. 2 a is the scope that the target geological body sketched the contours in the section of layer plane exists.
Fig. 2 b is the polygonal region of target geological body on layer plane followed the trail of in the scope sketched the contours.
Polygonal region in all layer plane sections is carried out spatial gridding by Fig. 2 c.
Fig. 2 d is the target geological body described by space lattice angular coordinate.
Fig. 3 is the step block diagram of the inventive method.
Fig. 4 a is that a layer target geological body for plane section one follows the trail of schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 b is that a layer target geological body for plane section two follows the trail of schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 c is that a layer target geological body for plane section three follows the trail of schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is target geological body three-dimensional visualization schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
The present invention is a kind of three dimensions geologic body engraving technology based on three-dimensional visualization, belongs to the 3-D seismics reservoir prediction in geophysical prospecting for oil and assessment technique field.The inventive method is visualized as basis with 3D seismic data, the layer plane section of zone of interest is sketched the contours of the existence range of geologic body, utilize data similarity principle within the scope of this, carry out description and the tracking of geologic body, follow up the polygonal region describing out sign target geological body plane feature, target geological body is formed by polygonal region cutting on-chip trace each within the scope of this, carry out visual to result, final result carries out the displaying of data with the form of three-dimensional visualization.
Object of the present invention be exactly in common seismic data three-dimensional visualization to the deficiency existed in target geological volume description, the difference that surrounding target geologic body and country rock exist in lithology, physical property etc., there is provided a kind of based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body engraving technology, the preferred attribute section of zone of interest is described and tracking target geological body based on data similarity principle, then carry out visual to the target geological body followed the trail of, characterize target geological body space occurrence status, instruct seismic data interpretation work and wellbore trace design.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
Based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, according to certain time window, zone of interest is cut, obtain some layers of plane section of zone of interest.Carry out preferably to the seismic properties of layer plane section, (this preferred attribute is given as input data as preferred attribute to select the seismic properties that can characterize target geological volume morphing, specific object comprises the seismic properties such as wave impedance, instantaneous frequency, instantaneous phase, also can be seismic amplitude data.Select in these seismic properties can show target geological volume morphing that attribute as preferred attribute), then in this preferred attribute, geologic body existence range is in the plane sketched the contours of, then utilize data similarity principle to carry out tracking to target geological body and obtain geologic body polygonal region, set up model of geological structure body after the upper explanation of each section completes, finally with three-dimensional visualization, the geologic body set up is shown.
As shown in Figure 3, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) explanation Skeleton Model is set up according to structure elucidation layer position:
Seismic section carries out structure elucidation and obtains structure elucidation layer bit data, the layer position of explanation is placed successively from bottom to up, and keeping its relative position on seismic section, the mutual alignment relation that such formed layer position and layer position are asked just constitutes explanation Skeleton Model;
(2) according to certain criterion, zone of interest is cut on explanation Skeleton Model, obtain one group of layer plane section;
Described criterion comprises: be parallel to interface, top, be parallel to bottom boundary, push up point modes such as bottom boundary, top bottom boundary refers to interface, top and bottom boundary.Top end equilibrium is the another kind of call to top bottom boundary decile.Decile is equivalent in meaning with balanced.When cutting zone of interest, select a kind of criterion.Use which kind of criterion to be determined with reference to work area geologic information, specifically, Fig. 1-1 to Fig. 1-3 is used to the rule (or being called mode) that cutting zone of interest is described.User utilizes the one in these three kinds of rules (mode) to just obtaining a layer plane section after zone of interest cutting.Wherein, Fig. 1-1 Shi Ding circle is parallel with aspect, is suitable for the situation that end circle is upper break bounds face; Fig. 1-2 is then that bottom boundary is parallel with aspect, is suitable for pushing up boundary and cuts to cut or the situation of toplap; Fig. 1-3 pushes up the bottom boundary situation parallel with aspect.
Cutting is carried out to zone of interest specific as follows: carry out the time interval between the section of computation layer plane according to the window length of zone of interest and the number of layer plane section, if T represents the window length of zone of interest, N is the number of the layer plane section that will obtain, △ t is the time interval between layer plane section, then the value standard of △ t=N/T, △ N to make △ t be greater than geological data sampling rate.From the bottom boundary of zone of interest, according to any one in top bottom boundary decile, the mode that is parallel to interface, top or is parallel to bottom boundary with △ t for interval divides zone of interest.
(3) in each layer of plane section, sketch the contours of the existence range of geologic body;
The scope that each layer of plane section is sketched the contours of in the section of layer plane, selects some crucial pin points by mouse, and the line of these pin points forms a polygon, and target geological body is included in inside by this polygon.The principle that pin point is chosen is, target geological body can be included by the line of these pin points, unrestricted to polygonal shape, as long as target geological body is included.Fig. 2 a is a layer plane section to obtaining after zone of interest cutting, and this layer of plane section is sketched the contours of the approximate range that target geological body exists.
(4) in the polygonal scope that step (3) is sketched the contours of, utilize data similarity principle to follow the trail of target geological body, obtain the polygonal region of target geological body in the section of layer plane;
Described content specifically describes: in the section of layer plane, picking up one or more Seed Points, (standard chosen ensures that this Seed Points is at target geological body, multiple Seed Points ratio is selected to select a Seed Points to have more representativeness, more can reflect the characteristic of target geological body, as attributes such as the size of resistance value, the sizes of factor of porosity.), (namely choose with the attribute amplitude similarity of Seed Points is large and meet attribute amplitude and exist in the polygonal scope that step (3) is sketched the contours of
point in scope.) point all elect.Given similarity coefficient α, determines Seed Points amplitude scope by formula (1)
In formula, α is similarity coefficient, and x is Seed Points amplitude, and when have chosen multiple Seed Points, x value is the mean value of multiple Seed Points amplitude.
for the lower boundary of Seed Points amplitude scope,
for the coboundary of Seed Points amplitude scope.
Point each in sketched the contours scope is judged, if amplitude is in Seed Points amplitude scope
within, so selected part as polygonal region of this point, otherwise do not choose.
(5) utilize above-mentioned steps (4) to complete the tracking of the upper polygonal region of all layer planes section, and three-dimensional visualization display is carried out to the polygonal region of all trackings.
That is, first zone of interest is cut, obtain one group of layer plane section; Step (3) is performed respectively to each layer of plane section in this group layer plane section, namely in this layer of plane section, sketches the contours of target geological body and there is approximate range; Then utilize step (4) in above-mentioned sketched the contours approximate range, utilize data similarity principle to carry out meticulous tracking to target geological body; All layer plane sections just obtain target geological body after being completed the tracking of target geological body.Whole process is first carried out on one face, and when all upper trackings complete, recycling three-dimensional visualization shows the result of following the trail of.
Three-dimensional visualization display is specific as follows: each sampling point on polygonal region is by X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z coordinate and property value define, wherein X-coordinate is survey line number, Y-coordinate is cross-track number, Z coordinate is time or the degree of depth, and Z coordinate is that time or the degree of depth will be determined according to the data of input.(X, Y, Z) is exactly the volume coordinate of sampling point, and the color of this point is determined by the property value of this point.
Below for the actual 3D seismic data in somewhere, utilize the inventive method to carry out the engraving of target geological body, and then effect of the present invention is described.
The inventive method is visualized as basis with 3D seismic data, geologic body existence range is in the plane sketched the contours of in the layer plane section of zone of interest, then the tracking carrying out geologic body within the scope of this obtains polygonal region, each layer of plane section is carried out to the tracking of polygonal region, the last displaying with the form of three-dimensional visualization, polygonal region being carried out to data, take full advantage of the data display function of seismic data three-dimensional visualization, the explanation that the space occurrence status of the target geological body disclosed is seismic data and later stage wellbore trace design provide important references data and data.
Fig. 1-1 to Fig. 1-3 is the explanation Skeleton Models in embodiment 1, is followed successively by the three kinds of explanation Skeleton Models being parallel to interface, top, being parallel to bottom boundary, pushing up bottom boundary decile.Explain that Skeleton Model is set up by the layer position of structure elucidation, in figure, upper and lower two thick lines represent two layer positions.The layer plane of represented by dotted arrows cutting.
Fig. 2 a to Fig. 2 d is the target geological body engraving technology schematic diagram in embodiment 1, Fig. 2 a illustrates the scope that the target geological body sketched the contours in the section of layer plane exists, Fig. 2 b illustrates the polygonal region of target geological body on layer plane followed the trail of in the scope sketched the contours, Fig. 2 c illustrates and the polygonal region in all layer plane sections is carried out spatial gridding, and Fig. 2 d is the target geological body described by space lattice angular coordinate.
Fig. 4 a to Fig. 4 c is the polygonal region that layer plane in embodiment 1 cuts on-chip trace, Fig. 4 a illustrates the polygonal region of geologic body of following the trail of the objective in layer plane section one, Fig. 4 b illustrates the polygonal region of geologic body of following the trail of the objective in layer plane section two, and Fig. 4 c illustrates the polygonal region of the geologic body that to follow the trail of the objective in layer plane section three.
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional visualization of the target geological body in embodiment 1.
Technique scheme is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, on the basis that the invention discloses application process and principle, be easy to make various types of improvement or distortion, and the method be not limited only to described by the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, therefore previously described mode is just preferred, and does not have restrictive meaning.
Claims (8)
1. based on a visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterized in that: when described method utilizes, window cuts zone of interest, obtain one group of layer plane section of zone of interest; Carry out preferably to the seismic properties of layer plane section, will the seismic properties of target geological volume morphing be characterized as preferred attribute; This preferred attribute is sketched the contours of geologic body existence range in the plane, then utilizes data similarity principle to carry out tracking to target geological body and obtain geologic body polygonal region; After completing the explanation that each layer plane is cut into slices, set up model of geological structure body, finally three-dimensional visualization display is carried out to the model of geological structure body set up.
2. according to claim 1 based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterized in that: said method comprising the steps of:
(1) explanation Skeleton Model is set up according to structure elucidation layer position;
(2) according to criterion, zone of interest is cut on described explanation Skeleton Model, obtain one group of layer plane section;
(3) in a layer plane section, sketch the contours of the existence range of geologic body, the property value in this layer of plane section is preferred attribute;
(4) in the polygonal scope that step (3) is sketched the contours of, utilize data similarity principle to follow the trail of target geological body, obtain target geological body cuts on-chip trace polygonal region at layer plane;
(5) polygonal region that all layer planes cut on-chip trace is obtained to all layer planes section repetition step (3) and step (4), namely establish model of geological structure body, then three-dimensional visualization display is carried out to described model of geological structure body.
3. according to claim 2 based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterized in that: described step (1) is achieved in that
Seismic section carries out structure elucidation and obtains structure elucidation layer bit data, the layer position of explanation is placed successively from bottom to up, and keeping its relative position on seismic section, the mutual alignment relation that such formed layer position and layer position are asked just constitutes explanation Skeleton Model.
4. according to claim 3 based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterized in that: the criterion described in described step (2) comprises: be parallel to interface, top decile, be parallel to bottom boundary decile and top bottom boundary decile three kinds of modes.
5. according to claim 4 based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterized in that: described in described step (2), cutting is carried out to zone of interest and be achieved in that
The time interval between the section of computation layer plane is carried out: establish T to represent the window length of zone of interest according to the window length of zone of interest and the number of layer plane section, N is the number of the layer plane section that will obtain, △ t is the time interval between layer plane section, then the value standard of △ t=N/T, △ N to make △ t be greater than geological data sampling rate;
From the bottom boundary of zone of interest, according to being parallel to top interface decile, be parallel to any one in bottom boundary decile and top these three kinds of modes of bottom boundary decile with △ t for interval divides zone of interest.
6. according to claim 5 based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterized in that: described step (3) is achieved in that
Crucial pin point is selected in the section of layer plane, and the line of these crucial pin points forms a polygon, and target geological body can comprise therein by this polygon.
7. according to claim 6 based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterized in that: described step (4) is realize like this:
One or more Seed Points in target geological body is picked up in each layer of plane section, then in the polygonal scope that step (3) is sketched the contours of, amplitude is positioned at Seed Points amplitude scope
interior point is all elected;
Given similarity coefficient α, is determined by formula (1)
In formula, α is similarity coefficient, and x is Seed Points amplitude;
When have chosen multiple Seed Points, x value is the mean value of multiple Seed Points amplitude.
for the lower boundary of Seed Points amplitude scope,
for the coboundary of Seed Points amplitude scope.
8. according to claim 7 based on visual Three dimensional Targets geologic body method for tracing, it is characterized in that: in described step (5), three-dimensional visualization display is carried out to described model of geological structure body and be achieved in that
Each sampling point on the polygonal region followed the trail of is by X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z coordinate and property value define, wherein X-coordinate is survey line number, and Y-coordinate is cross-track number, and Z coordinate is time or the degree of depth, (X, Y, Z) be exactly the volume coordinate of sampling point, the color of this sampling point is determined by the property value of this point.
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