CN104451452A - Bearing steel for wind power equipment and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bearing steel for wind power equipment and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides bearing steel for wind power equipment and a preparation method thereof. The bearing steel comprises, by weight, 0.90-1.15% of C, 0.90-1.15% of Mn, 0.15-0.40% of Si, 1.60-1.90% of Cr, 0.20-0.50% of Ni, 0.20-0.50% of Mo, 0.015-0.040% of Al, less than or equal to 0.0010% O, less than or equal to 0.020% of P, less than or equal to 0.020% of S, less than or equal to 0.0030% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.025% of Sn, less than or equal to 0.015% of Sb, less than or equal to 0.030% of As and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities. The preparation method is mainly used for large-section bearing steel with a diameter of 120-380mm and can control high-carbon-chromium bearing steel bar netted carbide control level. A SEP1520 evaluation result shows that the bearing steel has a netted carbide level of 5.3.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ferrous material processing technology of preparing field, relate to metallurgy industry bearing steel and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of bearing steel for wind power equipment and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Wind Power Generation Industry prospect is very wide, and wind power equipment is the main restricting factor affecting China's Wind Power Generation Industry development, and the kernel components such as wind power bearing are then bottlenecks prepared by wind power equipment.Wind power bearing belongs to the kernel component of wind power equipment.Due to the bad working environments of wind power equipment and the service requirements of long lifetime high reliability, making wind power bearing have higher technical sophistication degree, is maximum two portions---one of the bearing and Controlling System of generally acknowledged production domesticization difficulty.
Dimensions as wind power bearing steel comparatively large (diameter >=120mm), requires that steel have uniform tissue.In high-carbon-chromium bearing steel, carbide ununiformity main manifestations is: carbide liquid-extraction, carbide strip, carbide network.
Carbide network is the superfluous proeutectoid carbide of separating out network-like distribution in hypereutectoid steel along austenite crystal border.The existence of carbide network, weakens the bonding force of metallic matrix, and the mechanical property of material is significantly reduced (particularly declining fatigue lifetime), and make impact toughness decreased, fragility increases.Carbide network also increases the abundant ununiformity of steel, carbide network and near, carbon and alloying element enrichment, remotely then poor from net.The height of carbide network rank will directly affect the quality of wind power bearing steel.
GB/T18254 regulation needs to examine carbide network for machining and cold working Spheroidizing Annealing steel; Diameter is not more than the Spheroidizing Annealing material of 60mm, carbide network rank
level; The Spheroidizing Annealing material carbide network of diameter 60 ~ 120mm
3 grades; And diameter is greater than Spheroidizing Annealing material and the hot rolling material of 120mm, carbide network does not have clear stipulaties.Along with the development of new technology, the bearing steel material of hot-work more and more uses induction heating technique.Namely, after bearing steel material passes into intermediate frequency or high-frequency alternating current, form the induced current of same frequency on its surface, piece surface is heated rapidly (800 ~ 1000 DEG C in a few second, can be heated up).But temperature rise rapidly causes the heart portion of material very large with the temperature difference on surface, and the bearing parts be processed into has very large heredity to original bearing steel carbide network tissue.Therefore, the importance controlling large size bearing steel mesh shape carbide is more and more outstanding.
In recent years, for improving or eliminating carbide network, develop kinds of processes method, both at home and abroad, wind power bearing steel is less, mainly contains following steel grade: table 1
The main steel grade of table 1 wind power bearing steel
China Patent No. is CN201010549735.1, develops a kind of wind power bearing steel, and it adopts the method reducing carbon content to solve the problem of carbide network, i.e. control C:0.40 ~ 0.48%, adds the Mo of 0.20 ~ the 0.30% and Ni of 0.50 ~ 1.20%.Netted problem obtains good solution, but is decreased through alloying to make up the limited use of intensity and wear resistance due to carbon content, often can not from the basic problem solving carbide network.
There are some researches show and can improve carbide network by controlled rolling technique, that is: temperature control is carried out to the course of processing and cooling controls, high-temperature final rolling and process for cooling fast.Research shows: this technology is being applied to wire rod and light section bar production, in the precipitation suppressing carbide network, achieve gratifying effect.But for heavy in section bearing steel bar, because cooling rate is too small, then heart portion will can not get scoring a goal and the effect of crystal grain thinning; Cooling rate is excessive, and surface easily forms martensite again, causes surface crack, and the controlled rolling and controlled cooling of large section bearing steel has its limitation.
Normalizing treatment is the another kind of method improved or eliminate carbide network, is suitably incubated, carbide is all dissolved in austenite by heat steel to more than Acm, and cools down (as cold in mist or water-cooled) with speed faster.But this processing method is equivalent to increase by one heat treatment step is unfavorable for energy-conserving and environment-protective, adopt mist cold-peace water-cooled also can be subject to the restriction of capacity of equipment, actual speed of cooling also more difficult control, is particularly greater than the big cross section bearing steel material of 120mm, does not almost have effect for diameter.
Patent No. CN200810227811.X relates to a kind of method of producing high-carbon chromium bearing steel by double retarded cooling process, namely by rolling rear rapid traverse cold bed, making cold shears shear temperature between 400 ~ 500 DEG C, then stocking being put into slow cooling cover again, slow cooling 24 ~ 48 hours.It is less that this patent is applicable to rolling specs, convenient shears, if specification is large, cooling rate slowly, be difficult to control carbide network.
Patent No. CN200910062664.X relates to a kind of method reducing net level of bearing steel wire rod carbide.This patent is mainly used in the wire rod that wire diameter is less than 25mm, inapplicable to big cross section bearing steel bar.
Patent No. CN200910062664.X relates to the rear intelligent cooling control technical process of a kind of bearing parts forging and equipment, namely the boiling water of more than 90 DEG C is heat-eliminating medium, carbide network generation and thinning microstructure is suppressed to crack by the quick cooling sprayed and soak, each workpiece carries out temperature survey, and when ensureing that forging terminates rapid cooling, temperature is below 680 DEG C.This patent is a kind of method of control carbide network of bearing parts, and for big cross section bearing steel bar, is difficult to the appointed condition meeting spray, soak.
In sum, existing wind power bearing steel technology still has the following disadvantages: the bearing steel kind that (1) is applicable to large gauge, stability that wind-powered electricity generation requires excellent is few; (2) after existing large gauge bearing steel forging rolling, rapid cooling carbide control techniques is difficult to meet big cross section bearing steel bar carbide network control overflow, due to the large carbide of specification prolong that crystal boundary separates out in various degree netted, cooling rate is too small, then heart portion will can not get scoring a goal and the effect of crystal grain thinning; Cooling rate is excessive, and surface easily forms martensite again, causes surface crack; (3) normalizing treatment is that one effectively improves carbide approach for light section bearing steel bar, but the carbide tissue for big cross section bearing steel bar heart portion is difficult to control, even and if increase that the technological effect of a normalizing treatment is not good is more unfavorable for energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bearing steel for wind power equipment and preparation method thereof, mainly for big cross section, the bearing steel of diameter range 120mm ~ 380mm, by controlling the carbide network level of control of big cross section High-carbon Cr Bearing Steel Bar: evaluate carbide network rank by SEP1520 and can reach 5.3 grades to high-carbon-chromium bearing steel Heating Steel Ingots, forging, annealing process.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the invention provides a kind of bearing steel for wind power equipment, it is characterized in that, its weight percent becoming to be grouped into is: carbon: 0.90 ~ 1.15%; Manganese: 0.90 ~ 1.15%; Silicon: 0.15 ~ 0.40%; Chromium: 1.60 ~ 1.90%; Nickel: 0.20 ~ 0.50%; Molybdenum: 0.20 ~ 0.50%; Aluminium: 0.015 ~ 0.040%; Oxygen≤0.0010%; Phosphorus≤0.020%; Sulphur :≤0.020%; Titanium≤0.0030%; Copper≤0.15%; Theil indices≤0.025%; Antimony content≤0.015%; Arsenic content≤0.030%; Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described nickel weight percent is 0.25 ~ 0.40%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, further preferably, described nickel weight percent is 0.28 ~ 0.35%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described weight of molybdenum per-cent is 0.22 ~ 0.45%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, further preferably, described weight of molybdenum per-cent is 0.25 ~ 0.40%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described carbon weight percent is 0.92 ~ 1.10%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, further preferably, described carbon weight percent is 0.95 ~ 0.98%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described manganese weight percent is 0.98 ~ 1.15%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, further preferably, described manganese weight percent is 0.99 ~ 1.00%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described silicon weight percent is 0.20 ~ 0.39%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, further preferably, described silicon weight percent is 0.22 ~ 0.35%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described weight of chromium per-cent is 1.62 ~ 1.89%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described aluminium weight percent is 0.018 ~ 0.030%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described oxygen weight percent is≤0.0008%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described phosphorus weight percent is≤0.010%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described sulphur weight percent is≤0.010%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described titanium weight percent is≤0.0020%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described weight of copper per-cent is≤0.15%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, further preferably, described weight of copper per-cent is≤0.08%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described tin weight percent is≤0.012%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described antimony weight percent is≤0.008%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described arsenic weight percent is≤0.010%.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, described bearing steel cross section diameter 120 ~ 380mm.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, further preferably, described bearing steel cross section diameter 270 ~ 380mm.
According to the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, preferably, the carbide network level of control of described bearing steel: evaluate carbide network rank by SEP1520 and reach 5.3 grades.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, comprises the steps: electric arc furnace or converter steelmaking → refining furnace refining → vacuum-treat stove process → cast or static ingot → heating → forging → annealing;
In described heating steps, the temperature of the heating of process furnace 1200 ~ 1220 DEG C, soaking time 900 ~ 1100min;
In described forging step, open forging temperature 1100 ~ 1180 DEG C, final forging temperature 850 ~ 880 DEG C;
In described annealing steps, batch of material heats up 800 ~ 830 DEG C after entering annealing furnace, is incubated 16 ~ 20 hours, is then cooled to 660 ~ 700 DEG C, be incubated 34 ~ 42 hours.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, in described heating steps, process furnace is waited to expect 450 ~ 600 DEG C of temperature, be incubated 100 ~ 150min after steel ingot shove charge, then rise to 780 ~ 820 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤2 DEG C/min, insulation 100 ~ 160min, 1200 ~ 1220 DEG C are risen to again, insulation 900 ~ 1100min with the heat-up rate of≤1.9 DEG C/min.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, in described forging step, open forging temperature 1100 ~ 1180 DEG C, soaking time 120 ~ 180min.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, further preferably, in described forging step, open forging temperature 1120 ~ 1150 DEG C, soaking time 120 ~ 180min.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, in described annealing steps, after forging, batch of material enters annealing furnace, rises to 800 ~ 830 DEG C, be incubated 16 ~ 20 hours with the heat-up rate of≤1.7 DEG C/min; Be down to 660 ~ 700 DEG C with the cooling rate of 0.3 ~ 0.7 DEG C/min again, be incubated 34 ~ 42 hours.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, further preferably, rise to 800 ~ 830 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤1.7 DEG C/min, be incubated 19 ~ 20 hours; Be down to 660 ~ 700 DEG C with the cooling rate of 0.3 ~ 0.7 DEG C/min again, be incubated 38 ~ 42 hours.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, in described annealing steps, after forging, batch of material enters annealing furnace, annealing furnace temperature 600 ~ 650 DEG C.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, the weight percent that the described bearing steel for wind power equipment becomes to be grouped into is: carbon: 0.90 ~ 1.15%; Manganese: 0.90 ~ 1.15%; Silicon: 0.15 ~ 0.40%; Chromium: 1.60 ~ 1.90%; Nickel: 0.20 ~ 0.50%; Molybdenum: 0.20 ~ 0.50%; Aluminium: 0.015 ~ 0.040%; Oxygen≤0.0010%; Phosphorus≤0.020%; Sulphur :≤0.020%; Titanium≤0.0030%; Copper≤0.15%; Theil indices≤0.025%; Antimony content≤0.015%; Arsenic content≤0.030%; Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described nickel weight percent is 0.25 ~ 0.40%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, further preferably, described nickel weight percent is 0.28 ~ 0.35%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described weight of molybdenum per-cent is 0.22 ~ 0.45%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, further preferably, described weight of molybdenum per-cent is 0.25 ~ 0.40%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described carbon weight percent is 0.92 ~ 1.10%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, further preferably, described carbon weight percent is 0.95 ~ 0.98%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described manganese weight percent is 0.98 ~ 1.15%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, further preferably, described manganese weight percent is 0.99 ~ 1.00%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described silicon weight percent is 0.20 ~ 0.39%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, further preferably, described silicon weight percent is 0.22 ~ 0.35%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described weight of chromium per-cent is 1.62 ~ 1.89%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described aluminium weight percent is 0.018 ~ 0.030%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described oxygen weight percent is≤0.0008%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described phosphorus weight percent is≤0.010%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described sulphur weight percent is≤0.010%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described titanium weight percent is≤0.0020%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described weight of copper per-cent is≤0.15%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, further preferably, described weight of copper per-cent is≤0.08%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described tin weight percent is≤0.012%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described antimony weight percent is≤0.008%.
According to the preparation method that the invention provides the described bearing steel for wind power equipment, preferably, described arsenic weight percent is≤0.010%.
Key element function analysis of the present invention:
Nickel: nickel can improve the toughness of steel in wind power bearing steel, this patent design nickel content is 0.20 ~ 0.50% combination of strength and toughness that can obtain satisfaction.
Molybdenum: in wind power bearing steel, its effect mainly improves hardening capacity, improves mechanical property, particularly improves toughness effect.In addition, molybdenum can improve wear resistance, molybdenum generally below 1.00%.This patent adds the molybdenum of 0.02 ~ 0.09%, coordinates with other alloying elements the effect can played and improve toughness, improve hardening capacity.
The smelting process that bearing steel of the present invention adopts, i.e. electric arc furnace (or converter) → refining furnace (LF stove) → vacuum-treat stove (VD or RH) → cast (die casting) steel ingot, reaches by design thermal processing method the object controlling carbide network.
The thermal processing method of the present invention's design is " three-step approach ", reaches the control of big cross section (diameter 120 ~ 380mm) High-carbon Cr Bearing Steel Bar carbide network.Three-step approach is namely: the first step: heating; Second step: forging; 3rd step: annealing.
Carbide network of the present invention controls gordian technique: first, steel ingot is heated to above Ac3 (during heating, free ferrite all changes austenite finishing temperature into) with certain heat-up rate and keeps certain hour to reach abundant austenitizing, namely at 1200 ~ 1220 DEG C of insulation 900 ~ 1100min.The object of forging the more important thing is that except ensureing final size to make carbide network fully broken, therefore 1 jumping-up-pulling technique is designed, and control final forging temperature 850 ~ 880 DEG C, although now proeutectoid carbide is preferentially separated out along austenite grain boundary, but deformation is still proceeding, still can be broken by the carbide network of separating out.Enter the precipitation that annealing furnace prevents proeutectoid carbide after forging in time, design 2 segmentation carbide annealing process namely: 800 ~ 830 DEG C of insulations+660 ~ 700 DEG C of insulations in 16 ~ 20 hours 34 ~ 42 hours, improve carbide network further.
Three-step approach of the present invention, the first step heats, and checks the defects such as surface of steel ingot skull patch, crackle before (1) heating, do not allow height and the degree of depth more than being mingled with of 5mm, coldly to spatter, pit, projection, scab, the defect such as wrinkle.As defectiveness should give removing.(2) feed, by heat (batch) number, steel grade record steel ingot position; (3) heat, process furnace is waited to expect 450 ~ 600 DEG C of temperature, be incubated 100 ~ 150min after steel ingot shove charge, rise to 780 ~ 820 DEG C of insulation 100 ~ 160min with the heat-up rate of≤2 DEG C/min, rise to 1200 ~ 1220 DEG C of insulation 900 ~ 1100min with the heat-up rate of≤1.9 DEG C/min.
In heating process, (3) are necessary technology measure, and suitable heat-up rate can prevent steel ingot burning, overheated, male and female face is uneven, do not grill thoroughly, very hot oven bursts.And suitable equal thermal system can by Heating Steel Ingots homogeneous temperature, prevent male and female face and length direction material temperature excessive, prevent that forging process generation upsetting is flat, upsetting is curved or gathering stock.
Three-step approach of the present invention, second step forges: (1) pressure handle, and the pincers before steel ingot jumping-up should match size with jumping-up drain cap aperture, and ensures that pincers are not eccentric.Open forging temperature 1100 ~ 1180 DEG C.For avoiding producing pincers pressure handle riveting upsetting phenomenon in upsetting process, before jumping-up, pincers should be advisable than the short 150 ~ 200mm of drain cap height extruding length.Excision Steel ingot feeder head end, ingot butt excision >=2%.Pressure handle completes and laggardly melts down insulation (temperature is 1180 ~ 1200 DEG C), insulation 120 ~ 180min.(2) jumping-up, for avoiding upsetting process to occur the curved and Double drum type of material upsetting, blank height answers≤2.5 with diameter ratio.Slow jumping-up is to 1/2, and intermediate hold 10 ~ 20 seconds, then pull out to 530mm side (need carry out chamfered edge), chamfered edge completes and laggardly melts down insulation (temperature is 1180 ~ 1200 DEG C), insulation 15 ~ 40min.(3) after coming out of the stove, by trimmed size forging finished product, final forging temperature 850 ~ 880 DEG C.
Three-step approach of the present invention, three-step annealing:
Enter annealing furnace (annealing furnace temperature 600 ~ 650 DEG C) hot charging after forging in time to wait to expect.(2) after this batch of material is here, 800 ~ 830 DEG C of insulations 16 ~ 20 hours are risen to the heat-up rate of≤1.7 DEG C/min.(3) 660 ~ 700 DEG C of insulations 34 ~ 42 hours are down to the cooling rate of 0.3 ~ 0.7 DEG C/min.(4)≤450 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove are down to the cooling rate of 0.3 ~ 0.7 DEG C/min.
As Figure 1-4, horizontal sample is got at the forging round steel center of diameter 300mm and 1/2R (radius) place, sample is heat-treated in box-annealing furnace, thermal treatment process: quench 820 DEG C ~ 840 DEG C (be 840 DEG C ~ 880 DEG C containing molybdenum steels), insulation 420 ~ 460min, oil cooling; Tempering temperature 130 ~ 170 DEG C, tempering time 60 ~ 120min.Polishing after quenching, observes carbide network after 4% nital corrodes.Figure 1 shows that the banded pattern (100X) in 1/2R position, Fig. 2 is the netted pattern in 1/2R position (200X), Figure 3 shows that the banded pattern (100X) in central position, the netted pattern in position (200X) centered by Fig. 4.All be chosen as 5.3 grades respectively by SEP1520 standard rating, illustrate, little in the carbide network difference at central position and 1/2R (radius) place.
Useful technique effect:
Bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, mainly for big cross section, the bearing steel of diameter range 120mm ~ 380mm, by controlling the carbide network level of control of big cross section High-carbon Cr Bearing Steel Bar: evaluate carbide network rank by SEP1520 and can reach 5.3 grades to high-carbon-chromium bearing steel Heating Steel Ingots, forging, annealing process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is banded pattern (100X) figure in bearing steel 1/2R position provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is bearing steel 1/2R position provided by the invention netted pattern (200X) figure;
Fig. 3 is banded pattern (100X) figure in bearing steel central position provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is bearing steel central position provided by the invention netted pattern (200X) figure.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but the content of invention is not only confined to the following examples.
1, bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, embodiment 1 ~ 8 chemical composition is see table 2
Table 2 embodiment chemical composition (%)
2, the preparation method of the bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention, carry out control carbide network (but being not limited to above invention steel) by three-step approach to invention steel, each step condition is in table 3., and processing step is as follows:
Electric arc furnace (or converter) steel-making → refining furnace (LF stove) refining → vacuum-treat stove (VD or RH) → cast (die casting) steel ingot, reaches by design thermal processing method the object controlling carbide network.
The thermal processing method of the present invention's design is " three-step approach ", reaches the control of big cross section (diameter 120 ~ 380mm) High-carbon Cr Bearing Steel Bar carbide network.Three-step approach is namely: the first step: heating; Second step: forging; 3rd step: annealing.
The first step heats: check surface of steel ingot before (1) heating; (2) feed, by heat (batch) number, steel grade record steel ingot position; (3) heat, process furnace is waited to expect 450 ~ 600 DEG C of temperature, be incubated 100 ~ 150min after steel ingot shove charge, rise to 780 ~ 820 DEG C of insulation 100 ~ 160min with the heat-up rate of≤2 DEG C/min, rise to 1200 ~ 1220 DEG C of insulation 900 ~ 1100min with the heat-up rate of≤1.9 DEG C/min.
Second step forge: (1) pressure handle, the pincers before steel ingot jumping-up chi in matching with jumping-up drain cap aperture, and ensure pincers not eccentric.Open forging temperature 1100 ~ 1180 DEG C.For avoiding producing pincers pressure handle riveting upsetting phenomenon in upsetting process, before jumping-up, pincers should be advisable than the short 150 ~ 200mm of drain cap height extruding length.Excision Steel ingot feeder head end, ingot butt excision >=2%.Pressure handle completes and laggardly melts down insulation (temperature is 1180 ~ 1200 DEG C), insulation 120 ~ 180min.(2) jumping-up, for avoiding upsetting process to occur the curved and Double drum type of material upsetting, blank height answers≤2.5 with diameter ratio.Slow jumping-up is to 1/2, and intermediate hold 10 ~ 20 seconds, then pull out to 530mm side (need carry out chamfered edge), chamfered edge completes and laggardly melts down insulation (temperature is 1180 ~ 1200 DEG C), insulation 15 ~ 40min.(3) after coming out of the stove, by trimmed size forging finished product, final forging temperature 850 ~ 880 DEG C.
Three-step annealing: enter annealing furnace (annealing furnace temperature 600 ~ 650 DEG C) hot charging in time after (1) forging and wait to expect.(2) after this batch of material is here, 800 ~ 830 DEG C of insulations 16 ~ 20 hours are risen to the heat-up rate of≤1.7 DEG C/min.(3) 660 ~ 700 DEG C of insulations 34 ~ 42 hours are down to the cooling rate of 0.3 ~ 0.7 DEG C/min.(4)≤450 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove are down to the cooling rate of 0.3 ~ 0.7 DEG C/min.
Table 3
Implement the wind power bearing Steel Bar that the present invention produces, its carbide network has reached 2.5 grades of 5.3 grades of GB/T18254 standards of SEP1520 standard.Large disconnected high carbon chromium
Bearing steel bar is prepared enterprise through certain bearing domestic and is prepared into certain wind-powered electricity generation bearing, and product all technical meets the requirement of design.
Bearing steel for wind power equipment provided by the invention and preparation method thereof, mainly for big cross section, the bearing steel of diameter range 120mm ~ 380mm, by controlling the carbide network level of control of big cross section High-carbon Cr Bearing Steel Bar: evaluate carbide network rank by SEP1520 and can reach 5.3 grades to high-carbon-chromium bearing steel Heating Steel Ingots, forging, annealing process.
Claims (10)
1. for a bearing steel for wind power equipment, it is characterized in that, its weight percent becoming to be grouped into is: carbon: 0.90 ~ 1.15%; Manganese: 0.90 ~ 1.15%; Silicon: 0.15 ~ 0.40%; Chromium: 1.60 ~ 1.90%; Nickel: 0.20 ~ 0.50%; Molybdenum: 0.20 ~ 0.50%; Aluminium: 0.015 ~ 0.040%; Oxygen≤0.0010%; Phosphorus≤0.020%; Sulphur :≤0.020%; Titanium≤0.0030%; Copper≤0.15%; Theil indices≤0.025%; Antimony content≤0.015%; Arsenic content≤0.030%; Surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nickel weight percent is 0.25 ~ 0.40%.
3. the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described weight of molybdenum per-cent is 0.22 ~ 0.45%.
4. the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described bearing steel cross section diameter 120 ~ 380mm.
5. the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that, the carbide network level of control of described bearing steel: evaluate carbide network rank by SEP1520 and reach 5.3 grades.
6. a preparation method for the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: electric arc furnace or converter steelmaking → refining furnace refining → vacuum-treat stove process → cast or static ingot → heating → forging → annealing;
In described heating steps, the temperature of the heating of process furnace 1200 ~ 1220 DEG C, soaking time 900 ~ 1100min;
In described forging step, open forging temperature 1100 ~ 1180 DEG C, final forging temperature 850 ~ 880 DEG C;
In described annealing steps, batch of material heats up 800 ~ 830 DEG C after entering annealing furnace, is incubated 16 ~ 20 hours, is then cooled to 660 ~ 700 DEG C, be incubated 34 ~ 42 hours.
7. the preparation method of the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described heating steps, process furnace is waited to expect 450 ~ 600 DEG C of temperature, be incubated 100 ~ 150min after steel ingot shove charge, then rise to 780 ~ 820 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤2 DEG C/min, insulation 100 ~ 160min, 1200 ~ 1220 DEG C are risen to again, insulation 900 ~ 1100min with the heat-up rate of≤1.9 DEG C/min.
8. the preparation method of the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described forging step, opens forging temperature 1100 ~ 1180 DEG C, soaking time 120 ~ 180min.
9. the preparation method of the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to claim 6, is characterized in that, in described annealing steps, after forging, batch of material enters annealing furnace, rises to 800 ~ 830 DEG C, be incubated 16 ~ 20 hours with the heat-up rate of≤1.7 DEG C/min; Be down to 660 ~ 700 DEG C with the cooling rate of 0.3 ~ 0.7 DEG C/min again, be incubated 34 ~ 42 hours.
10. the preparation method of the bearing steel for wind power equipment according to claim 9, is characterized in that, in described annealing steps, after forging, batch of material enters annealing furnace, annealing furnace temperature 600 ~ 650 DEG C.
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| CN107685129A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-02-13 | 上海腾辉锻造有限公司 | A kind of forging preparation method of heavy type electric arbor |
| CN112522631A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Steel for wind power and preparation method thereof |
| CN114134403A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-03-04 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | Steel for large-specification wind power bearing rolling body and production method thereof |
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| CN104451452B (en) | 2016-09-28 |
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